Izwe lihlukaniswe izifundazwe eziyisikhombisa namadolobha amabili. Izifundazwe namadolobha ahlukaniswe izifunda. Kunezifunda ezingama-60 ezweni. Izifundazwe eziyisikhombisa namadolobha amabili afaka: iChuhe, iTaras, i-Osh, iJalalabad, iNaryn, i-Issyk-Kul, iBatken, inhlokodolobha, iBishkek ne-Osh.

IKyrgyzstan inomlando omude, onamarekhodi abhaliwe ngekhulu lesi-3 BC. Umanduleli wayo kwakuyiKyrgyz Khanate eyasungulwa ngekhulu lesi-6. Isizwe saseKyrgyz sakhiwa ngokuyisisekelo engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-15. Ngekhulu le-16, wathuthela lapho ahlala khona njengamanje esuka ezingxenyeni ezingenhla zoMfula iYenisei. Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu le-19, entshonalanga kwakungekaKokand Khanate. Ihlanganiswe neRussia ngo-1876. Ngo-1917, iKyrgyzstan yasungula umbuso waseSoviet, yaba yisifundazwe esizimele ngo-1924, yasungula iKyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic ngo-1936 futhi yajoyina iSoviet Union, yamemezela inkululeko ngo-Agasti 31, 1991, futhi yaguqula igama layo yaba yiRiphabhulikhi yaseKyrgyz, kwathi ngoDisemba 21 ngawo lowo nyaka IJapan yajoyina i-CIS.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Ngunxande ovundlile onesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi obucishe bube ngu-5: 3. Inkundla yefulegi ibomvu. Ilanga legolide lilenga maphakathi nefulegi, futhi kunephethini eyindilinga efana nomhlaba maphakathi nephethini yelanga. Okubomvu kufanekisela ukunqoba, ilanga lifanekisela ukukhanya nokufudumala, kanti iphethini eyisiyingi imele ukuzimela, ubunye, nobunye bezwe nobungani. IKyrgyzstan yaba yiriphabhuliki yezwe elaliyiSoviet Union ngo-1936. Kusukela ngo-1952, yamukele ifulegi elibomvu elinezinkanyezi ezinamaphoyinti amahlanu, isikela nesando.Kunomugqa omhlophe ovundlile maphakathi nefulegi nomugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka phezulu nangaphansi. Ngo-Agasti 1991, kwamenyezelwa inkululeko kwathi kwamukelwa ifulegi lesizwe elikhona njengamanje.

Inani labantu baseKyrgyzstan liyi-5.065 million (2004). Kunezinhlanga ezingaphezu kwama-80, kufaka phakathi ama-65% amaKyrgyz, ama-14% ama-Uzbeks, ama-12.5% ​​amaRussia, ama-1.1% amaDungans, ama-1% ama-Ukraine, kanti amanye angamaKorea, ama-Uyghur namaTajik. Izakhamizi ezingama-70% zikholelwa enkolweni yamaSulumane, iningi lazo ngamaSunni, zilandelwa yi-Orthodox noma ubuKatolika. Ulimi lukazwelonke yiKyrgyz (iqembu lesiKyrgyz-Chichak legatsha laseMpumalanga neHungary lomndeni wolimi lwesiTurkic). NgoDisemba 2001, uMongameli uKyrgyzstan wasayina isimemezelo somthethosisekelo, esivumela isikhundla sezilimi ezisemthethweni ezweni laseRussia.

IKyrgyzstan isuselwe ezinhlelweni eziningi zobunikazi futhi umnotho wayo uphethwe ezolimo nokufuya. Imboni yamandla nokufuya izilwane kuthuthukiswa ngokuqhathaniswa. Ecebile ngemithombo yemvelo, amaminerali ayinhloko afaka igolide, amalahle, isiliva, i-antimony, i-tungsten, i-tin, i-zinc, i-mercury, i-lead, i-uranium, u-oyela, igesi yemvelo, izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi nezinsimbi ezingavamile, njll.Ukukhishwa kwamalahle kungokwesibili emazweni ase-Central Asia futhi kuyaziwa Njenge "Central Asia Coal Scuttle", ukukhiqizwa kwe-antimony kukleliswe endaweni yesithathu emhlabeni, ukukhiqizwa kwamathini nokwe-mercury kukleliswe endaweni yesibili ku-CIS, kanti imikhiqizo yensimbi engeyona eyensimbi ithengiselwa amazwe angaphezu kwama-40. Izinsizakusebenza ze-hydropower zicebile.Ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kagesi kungokwesibili kuphela kweTajikistan phakathi kwamazwe ase-Asia Ephakathi, kanti imithombo yamandla kagesi ibeka isithathu ku-CIS.

Izimboni eziyinhloko zifaka phakathi ezokumbiwa phansi, ugesi, okokubasa, amakhemikhali, izinsimbi ezingenayo i-ayoni, ukukhiqizwa kwemishini, ukucutshungulwa kwezinkuni, izinto zokwakha, imboni elula, ukudla, njll. Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwegolide yizwe elisebenza kahle kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ukuthuthukiswa komnotho wasekhaya. . Ukukhiqizwa kwegolide kwakungamathani ayi-1.5 kuphela ngo-1996, futhi kukhuphukele kumathani ayi-17.3 ngonyaka we-1997, kwabekwa isithathu ngemuva kweRussia ne-Uzbekistan ku-CIS. Imboni yokudla iphethwe yimikhiqizo yenyama nemikhiqizo yobisi kanye nezimboni zikafulawa noshukela. Inani lokukhishwa kwezolimo libanga ngaphezu kwengxenye yomkhiqizo wezwe omningi futhi kubuswa ukufuya izilwane, ikakhulukazi ukufuya izimvu. Iqhwa elincibilikayo elisuka ezintabeni liguqule ingxenye yendawo yalelo lizwe yaba ngamathafa asezintabeni namadlelo asezintabeni anamadlelo amaningi, futhi izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zomhlaba olimekayo wezwe uyaniselwa. Inani lamahhashi nezimvu nokukhiqizwa koboya likleliswe isibili e-Asia Ephakathi. Izilimo ezinkulu ukolweni, isithombo sebhitrudi, ummbila, ugwayi nokunye. Indawo yomhlaba wezolimo ingamahektha ayizigidi eziyi-1,077, lapho amahektha ayizigidi eziyi-1.008 elungele ezolimo, kanti inani lezolimo lilapha ngaphezu kwama-60%. I-Kyrgyzstan inamandla amakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ezokuvakasha, ikakhulukazi ezokuvakasha ezintabeni.Kunenqwaba yezindawo ezisentabeni namakhulu amachibi asezintabeni kuleyo ndawo.Ichibi elikhulu kunawo wonke i-Issyk-Kul ngelinye lamachibi ajulile emhlabeni, asendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1608. , Okusho ukuthi "ichibi elishisayo", alikaze libe neqhwa. Inendawo enhle, isimo sezulu esithandekayo, amanzi amaminerali acwebile acwebezelayo nodaka lwachibi olungasetshenziselwa ukwelashwa.

IBishkek : Inhlokodolobha yaseKyrgyzstan, iBishkek, yasungulwa ngo-1878. Itholakala eChu River Valley ezansi kwezintaba zaseKyrgyz. Idolobha elibalulekile nedolobha elidumile e-Asia Ephakathi. Abantu abangu-797,700 (Januwari 2003). IChu River Valley iyingxenye yomgwaqo iTianshan Ancient Road. Iyindlela enqamulelayo exhuma izindawo ezinotshani zase-Asia Ephakathi kanye nezingwadule zaseNyakatho-ntshonalanga yeChina. Iphinde ibe yingxenye eyingozi kakhulu yomgwaqo wasendulo wasezintabeni. Lo mgwaqo wathathwa yiXuanzang eTyn Dynasty ukuyofunda entshonalanga. Ubizwa ngokuthi yi "Ancient Silk Road." ". Ngaleso sikhathi, leli dolobha laliyidolobha elibalulekile kulo mgwaqo futhi laliyinqaba yeKokand Khanate yasendulo. IBishkek yabizwa ngePishbek ngaphambi kuka-1926, yaphinde yaqanjwa igama kwathiwa yiFrunze ngemuva kuka-1926 ukukhumbula owayengumphathi wamasosha odumile waseSoviet uMikhail Vasilyevich Frunze (1885-1925). Uyaziqhenya ngeKyrgyz. Kuze kube namuhla, phambi kwesiteshi sesitimela saseBishkek, kusesenomfanekiso obabazekayo wethusi kaFrunze egibele ihhashi lempi elinekhanda eliphakeme nomfaniswano ogcwele womzimba, okuyinto esabekayo. NgoFebhuwari 7, 1991, iPhalamende laseKyrgyz laphasisa isinqumo sokuqamba kabusha igama elithi Frunze lathi iBishkek.

Namuhla, iBishkek selivele lingelinye lamadolobha adumile ase-Asia Ephakathi.Imigwaqo yedolobha ihlanzekile futhi ibanzi, kanti umfula omuhle i-Alalque kanye noMfula i-Alamiqin ugeleza udlule edolobheni. Lapha ungazinaka izintaba ezinhle futhi ezinhle zeTianshan ezineqhwa unyaka wonke ubhekene nesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza, futhi ungabona nezindlu zokuhlala ezinezitayela ezahlukahlukene zokwakha ezifihlwe phakathi kwezihlahla. Akukho kuphithizela kwedolobha elikhulu lapha, kubukeka kukuhle futhi kuthule. Ukuhamba kwezimoto kuBishkek Street kuqondiswa ngokuzenzakalela ngamalambu wesiginali, futhi ngokusobala awekho amaphoyisa omgwaqo, futhi nomgwaqo uhlelekile. Izindawo zokukhosela amabhasi eziseduze komgwaqo zinhle ngokubukeka, futhi izithombe zasedolobheni ziyabonakala kuyo yonke indawo, okujabulisa iso.

IBishkek futhi idolobha lezimboni elinemishini ekhona yokukhiqiza, ukucubungula izinsimbi, izimboni zokudla nezimboni ezilula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iBishkek inomsebenzi othuthuke kahle wesayensi nemfundo, futhi kunezifundiswa zezesayensi namakolishi namanyuvesi edolobheni.