Kyrgyzstan, dzina lonse la Kyrgyz Republic, lili ndi makilomita 198,500. Ndi dziko lopanda malire ku Central Asia. Limadutsa Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan ndi Tajikistan kumpoto, kumadzulo ndi kumwera, ndi Xinjiang, China kumwera chakum'mawa. Kwa oyandikana nawo. Gawoli ndi lamapiri ndipo limadziwika kuti "Dziko Lapiri ku Central Asia". Dera lonseli lili pamwamba pa 500 mita pamwamba pa nyanja, 90% ya malowa ali pamwamba pa 1500 mita pamwamba pa nyanja, gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a malowa ali pakati pa 3000 ndi 4000 mita pamwamba pa nyanja, ndipo magawo anayi achisanu ndi madera amapiri okhala ndi mapiri olemera ndi nsonga za chisanu pakati pa mapiri Zigwa zinali zobalalika ndi zosangalatsa, zokongola. Mapiri a Tianshan ndi a Pamir-Alai amapyola malire pakati pa China ndi Kyrgyzstan. Shengli Peak ndiye nsonga yayitali kwambiri, kutalika kwake ndi 7439 mita. Malo otsika amakhala ndi 15% yokha yamalo ndipo amapezeka makamaka ku Fergana Basin kumwera chakumadzulo ndi Taras Valley kumpoto. Mapiriwa amakhala ndi zikhalidwe zabwino kukula kwa nyama ndi zomera zosiyanasiyana. Kyrgyzstan ili ndi nyama ndi zomera zosiyanasiyana, zokhala ndi mitundu pafupifupi 4,000 yazomera, ndipo imadziwika kuti "oasis yamapiri". Pali mitengo yamapichesi kumwera kwa zaka masauzande ambiri, ndipo pali nyama zosowa kwenikweni agwape ofiira, chimbalangondo chofiirira, lynx, kambuku wa chipale chofewa, ndi zina zambiri kumapiri. Mitsinje yayikulu ndi Naryn River ndi Chu River. Ili ndi nyengo yadziko lonse. Kutentha kwapakati pazigwa zambiri ndi -6 ° C mu Januware ndi 15 mpaka 25 ° C mu Julayi. Mpweya wamvula wapachaka ndi 200 mm pakati ndi 800 mm kumtunda kwa kumpoto ndi kumadzulo. Ili m'mapiri ataliatali kum'mawa, Nyanja ya Issyk-Kul ili ndi kutalika kwa mita zopitilira 1,600 komanso malo opitilira kilomita 6,320. Ili ndi madzi akuya kwambiri komanso madzi achiwiri pamadzi am'mapiri padziko lapansi. Nyanjayi ndi yoyera komanso yabuluu yopanda kuzizira chaka chonse. Ndi "nyanja yotentha" yotchuka kutali ndi pafupi. Imadziwika kuti "Pearl waku Central Asia" ndipo ndi malo ochezera alendo ku Central Asia. Nyengo yam'nyanjayi ndiyabwino, madzi ndi mapiri ndi okongola. Matope am'nyanjayi amakhala ndi zinthu zingapo zofufuza, zomwe zimatha kuchiza matenda osiyanasiyana.

Dzikoli lagawidwa zigawo zisanu ndi ziwiri komanso mizinda iwiri.Maboma ndi mizindayi imagawidwa zigawozigawo.Kwa ma distilikiti 60 mdziko muno. Madera asanu ndi awiri ndi mizinda iwiri ikuphatikizapo: Chuhe, Taras, Osh, Jalalabad, Naryn, Issyk-Kul, Batken, likulu la Bishkek, ndi Osh.

Kyrgyzstan ili ndi mbiri yakalekale, yokhala ndi zolembedwa m'zaka za zana lachitatu BC. Omwe adakonzeratu anali Kyrgyz Khanate yomwe idakhazikitsidwa m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi. Fuko la Kyrgyz lidapangidwa makamaka kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 15. M'zaka za zana la 16, adasamukira komwe amakhala komweko kuchokera kumtunda kwa Mtsinje wa Yenisei. Mu theka loyambirira la 19th century, kumadzulo anali a Kokand Khanate. Kuphatikizidwa ku Russia mu 1876. Kyrgyzstan idakhazikitsa mphamvu zaku Soviet Union mu 1917, idakhala chigawo chodziyimira pawokha mu 1924, idakhazikitsa Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic mu 1936 ndikulowa nawo Soviet Union, idadziyimira pawokha pa Ogasiti 31, 1991, ndikusintha dzina kukhala Kyrgyz Republic, ndipo pa Disembala 21 chaka chomwecho Japan idalowa CIS.

Mbendera yadziko: Ndi rectangle yopingasa, kuchuluka kwa kutalika kwake m'lifupi ndi pafupifupi 5: 3. Mbendera pansi ndi yofiira. Dzuwa lagolide limapachikidwa pakatikati pa mbendera, ndipo pali mawonekedwe ozungulira ofanana ndi dziko lapansi pakati pazofanana ndi dzuwa. Chofiira chimatanthauza kupambana, dzuŵa limaimira kuwala ndi kutentha, ndipo mawonekedwe ozungulira akuimira kudziyimira pawokha, mgwirizano, mgwirizano wamayiko ndiubwenzi. Kyrgyzstan idakhala republic ya dziko lomwe kale linali Soviet Union mu 1936. Kuyambira 1952, yatenga mbendera yofiira yokhala ndi nyenyezi yosongoka, chikwakwa, ndi nyundo. Pali mzere woyera wopingasa pakati pa mbendera ndi mzere wabuluu pamwamba ndi pansi. Mu Ogasiti 1991, ufulu udalengezedwa ndipo mbendera yapadziko lonse lapansi idalandiridwa.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ku Kyrgyzstan ndi 5.065 miliyoni (2004). Pali mitundu yoposa 80, kuphatikiza 65% ya Kyrgyz, 14% ya Uzbeks, 12.5% ​​aku Russia, 1.1% aku Dungans, 1% aku Ukraine, ndipo ena onse ndi aku Korea, Uyghurs, ndi Tajiks. Anthu 70% amakhulupirira Chisilamu, ambiri mwa iwo ndi Asunni, otsatiridwa ndi Orthodox kapena Chikatolika. Chilankhulo chadziko lonse ndi Kyrgyz (gulu la Kyrgyz-Chichak la nthambi yaku East-Hungary yamabanja olankhula Chituruki). Mu Disembala 2001, Purezidenti Kyrgyzstan adasaina lamulo lalamulo, lololeza dziko la Russia kukhala chilankhulo.

Kyrgyzstan idakhazikitsidwa ndimakampani angapo ndipo chuma chake chimayang'aniridwa ndi ulimi ndi ziweto. Makampani opanga mphamvu ndi ziweto amakula pang'ono. Olemera ndi zinthu zachilengedwe, mchere wambiri umaphatikizapo golide, malasha, siliva, antimoni, tungsten, malata, zinc, mercury, lead, uranium, mafuta, gasi wachilengedwe, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri komanso zitsulo zosowa, ndi zina zotero. Kutulutsa kwa khala kumakhala kwachiwiri ku mayiko aku Central Asia ndipo ndikodziwika Monga "Central Asia Coal Scuttle", kupanga antimony kumakhala gawo lachitatu padziko lapansi, kupanga malata ndi mercury kumakhala kwachiwiri ku CIS, ndipo zinthu zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimagulitsidwa kumayiko opitilira 40. Mphamvu zamagetsi zimachulukirapo, mphamvu zamagetsi zimangobwera pambuyo pa Tajikistan m'maiko aku Central Asia, ndipo mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi imakhala yachitatu ku CIS.

Makampani akuluakulu akuphatikiza migodi, magetsi, mafuta, mankhwala, zitsulo zopanda feri, kupanga makina, kukonza matabwa, zomangira, mafakitale opepuka, chakudya, ndi zina zambiri. Kukula kwa golide ndi dziko lothandiza kwambiri pakulimbikitsa chitukuko cha zachuma zapakhomo. . Kupanga kwa golide kunali matani 1.5 okha mu 1996, ndipo kunakwera mpaka matani 17.3 mu 1997, kukhala wachitatu pambuyo pa Russia ndi Uzbekistan mu CIS. Makampani opanga zakudya amalamulidwa kwambiri ndi nyama ndi mkaka komanso mafakitale a ufa ndi shuga. Mtengo wakulima umakhala wopitilira theka la zokolola zapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo zimayang'aniridwa ndi zoweta, makamaka kuswana nkhosa. Chipale chofewa chomwe chimasungunuka m'mapiri chasandutsa theka la dera ladzikoli kukhala madera akumapiri komanso malo odyetserako ziweto okhala ndi msipu wambiri, ndipo magawo atatu mwa anayi a malo olimapo mdzikolo amathiriridwa. Chiwerengero cha akavalo ndi nkhosa ndi ubweya chimakhala chachiwiri ku Central Asia. Mbewu zazikulu ndi tirigu, shuga, chimanga, fodya ndi zina zotero. Dera lamalimidwe ndi mahekitala 1.077 miliyoni, pomwe mahekitala 1.008 miliyoni ndioyenera ulimi, ndipo anthu olima amakhala opitilira 60%. Kyrgyzstan ili ndi mwayi waukulu wopititsa patsogolo ntchito zokopa alendo, makamaka zokopa za m'mapiri.Pali malo ambiri owoneka bwino m'mapiri komanso nyanja zamapiri mazana. Nyanja yayikulu kwambiri ya Issyk-Kul ndi amodzi mwa nyanja zozama kwambiri padziko lapansi, yomwe ili pamtunda wa mita 1608. , Zomwe zikutanthauza kuti "nyanja yotentha", sizowundana. Ili ndi malo owoneka bwino, nyengo yosangalatsa, madzi amchere oyera oyera ndi matope am'nyanja omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchiritsa.

Bishkek : Likulu la Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek, linakhazikitsidwa mu 1878. Ili mu Chi River Valley pansi pa mapiri a Kyrgyz. Tawuni yofunika komanso mzinda wodziwika ku Central Asia. Anthu 797,700 (Januware 2003). Mtsinje wa Chu ndi gawo limodzi la Msewu Wakale wa Tianshan. Ndi njira yachidule yolumikizira madera aku Central Asia ndi zipululu za kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa China. Ndi gawo lowopsa kwambiri pamsewu wakale wamapiri. Unali mseu uwu womwe unatengedwa ndi Xuanzang mu Fuko la Tang kuti muphunzire kuchokera kumadzulo. Umatchedwa "Road wakale wa Silika". ". Panthawiyo, mzinda uwu unali tawuni yofunika pamsewuwu ndipo nthawi ina udali linga lakale la Kokand Khanate. Bishkek amatchedwa Pishbek chaka cha 1926 chisanachitike, ndipo adasinthidwa Frunze pambuyo pa 1926 pokumbukira mkulu wakale wankhondo wakale waku Soviet Mikhail Vasilyevich Frunze (1885-1925). Ndiye kunyada kwa Kyrgyz. Mpaka lero, patsogolo pa siteshoni ya njanji ya Bishkek, padakali chifanizo chachikulu chamkuwa cha Frunze akukwera wankhondo wamtali komanso yunifolomu yathunthu, zomwe ndizodabwitsa. Pa February 7, 1991, Nyumba yamalamulo yaku Kyrgyz idapereka chigamulo choti Frunze asinthidwe kukhala Bishkek.

Lero, Bishkek ndi umodzi mwamizinda yotchuka ku Central Asia.Misewu ya mzindawo ndi yaukhondo komanso yotakata, ndipo mtsinje wokongola wa Alalque ndi Mtsinje wa Alamiqin ukuyenda kudutsa mzindawu. Apa mutha kunyalanyaza mapiri okongola komanso okongola a Tianshan okhala ndi chipale chofewa chaka chonse motsutsana ndi thambo lamtambo, komanso mutha kuwona nyumba zanyumba zokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazomanga zobisika m'mitengo. Palibe chipwirikiti cha mzinda waukulu pano, chikuwoneka chokongola komanso chete. Kuyenda kwamagalimoto mumsewu wa Bishkek kumangoyang'aniridwa ndi magetsi amagetsi, ndipo kulibe apolisi apamtunda, ndipo kuchuluka kwa magalimoto kuli bwino. Malo okhala mabasi m'mbali mwa msewu ndi okongola, ndipo ziboliboli zamzindawu zimawoneka paliponse, zomwe zimakondweretsa diso.

Bishkek ndiwonso mzinda wamafakitale wokhala ndi makina omwe alipo, opangira zitsulo, mafakitale azakudya ndi opepuka. Kuphatikiza apo, Bishkek ali ndi ntchito yotsogola yopanga sayansi komanso maphunziro.Pali masukulu a sayansi ndi makoleji ndi mayunivesite mumzinda.