Lithuania, the full name of the Republic of Lithuania, covers an area of ​​65,300 square kilometers. The total length of the border is 1,846 kilometers, of which 1,747 kilometers are land borders and 99 kilometers of coastline. It is located on the east coast of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia in the north, Belarus in the southeast, and Kaliningrad Oblast and Poland in the southwest. The terrain is flat, with undulating hills in the east and west, with an average elevation of about 200 meters, which is ash soil. The main rivers are the Neman River (Nemunas River), and there are many lakes in the territory. It is a transitional climate from ocean to continental. The average temperature in January is -5℃, and the average temperature in July is 17℃.

The country is divided into 10 counties: Alytus, Kaunas, Klaipeda, Marijampole, Panevezys, Siauliai, Taurag, Telsi Ai, Utena, and Vilnius have 108 cities and 44 districts.

Class society appeared in the 5th and 6th centuries AD. Invaded by Germanic feudal lord from the 12th century. The unified Grand Duchy of Lithuania was established in 1240. The Lithuanian nation was formed in the 13th century. In 1569, according to the Lublin Treaty, Poland and Lithuania merged to form the Kingdom of Poland-Lithuania. From 1795 to 1815, the entire Lithuania (except the Klaipeda border) was merged into Russia. Li was occupied by Germany during the First World War. On February 16, 1918, Lithuania declared independence and established a bourgeois republic. From December 1918 to January 1919, Soviet power was established in most of Lithuania's territory. In February 1919, Lithuania and Belarus jointly formed the Thuanian-Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic. In August of the same year, the Bourgeois Republic was established and declared independence. According to the secret protocol of the Soviet-German non-aggression treaty on August 23, 1939, Lithuania was placed under the territory of the Soviet Union, and then Soviet troops entered Lithuania. After the Soviet-German War broke out, Lithuania was occupied by Germany. In 1944, the Soviet army once again occupied Lithuania and established the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic and joined the Soviet Union. On March 11, 1990, Lithuania became independent from the Soviet Union. On September 6, 1991, the Soviet Union's highest authority, the Council of State, officially recognized Lithuania's independence. On September 17 of the same year, Lithuania joined the United Nations. It formally joined the WTO in May 2001.

National flag: It is a horizontal rectangle with a ratio of length to width of 2:1. It is composed of three parallel horizontal strips, which are yellow, green and red from top to bottom. Lithuania declared independence in 1918 and established a bourgeois republic, using the yellow, green, and red flag as its national flag. It became a republic of the former Soviet Union in 1940. It adopted a red flag with a yellow five-pointed star, sickle and hammer in the upper left corner, and a white narrow strip and a green wide striped red flag on the lower part. In 1990, it declared independence and adopted the aforementioned tricolor flag as the national flag.

Lithuania has a population of 3.3848 million (at the end of 2006), with a population density of 51.8 people per square kilometer. The Lithuanian ethnic group accounted for 83.5%, the Polish ethnic group accounted for 6.7%, and the Russian ethnic group accounted for 6.3%. In addition, there are ethnic groups such as Belarus, Ukraine, and Jews. The official language is Lithuanian, and the common language is Russian. Mainly believe in Roman Catholicism, with about 2.75 million followers. In addition, there are Eastern Orthodox Church and Protestant Lutheran Church.

Lithuania is relatively advanced in industry and agriculture. After independence, it moved towards a market economy through corporate privatization, and the economic situation was basically stable. Natural resources are poor, but amber is abundant, and there are a small amount of clay, sand, lime, gypsum, peat, iron ore, apatite and petroleum. The petroleum and natural gas needed are imported. A small amount of oil and natural gas resources have been discovered in the western coastal areas, but the reserves have not yet been proven. The forest area is 1,975,500 hectares, and the forest coverage rate is over 30%. Many wild animals, there are more than 60 kinds of mammals, more than 300 kinds of birds and more than 50 kinds of fish. Industry is the pillar industry of Lithuania, mainly composed of three sectors: mining and quarrying, processing and manufacturing, and energy industry. The industrial categories are relatively complete, mainly food, wood processing, textiles, chemicals, etc., machinery manufacturing, chemical, petrochemical, electronic industry, metal processing industries, etc. are developing rapidly, and the high-precision machine tools, meters, electronic computers and other products produced are all sold. More than 80 countries and regions in the world. The capital Vilnius is the national industrial center. The city’s industrial output value accounts for more than two-thirds of Lithuania’s total industrial output value. Agriculture is dominated by high-level animal husbandry, which accounts for more than 90% of the output value of agricultural products. Agricultural crop yields are very low.

Vilnius: Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, is located at the confluence of the Neris and Vilnius rivers in southeastern Lithuania. It has an area of ​​287 square kilometers and a population of 578,000 (January 1, 2000).

The name "Vilnius" evolved from the word "Vilkas" (wolf) in Lithuanian. According to legend, in the 12th century, the Grand Duke of Lithuania came here to hunt. During the night, he dreamed of several wolves running up the hills. One of the strongest wolves screamed loudly after defeating the wolves. The dreamer said that this dream is a good omen. If you build a city here, it will be famous all over the world. The Grand Duke of Lithuania then built a castle on the hill of the hunting ground.

The suburb of Vilnius is famous for its beautiful scenery. There are excellent baths in the northeastern suburbs of the city, and Varakumpia is a concentrated area of ​​villas. The Trakai lakes are distributed in the western suburbs of the city. The lakes are clear, the trees are lush, and the scenery is pleasant. It is a tourist attraction. Trakai used to be the capital of the Trakai Principality, and it still preserves the ruins of the former palace, and the remaining murals in the palace are still faintly visible.

The industrial output value of Vilnius accounts for more than two-thirds of the total industrial output value of the country. Industrial products mainly include lathes, agricultural machinery, electronic calculators and electronic instruments, textiles, clothing, food, etc. There are national universities, civil engineering colleges, fine arts colleges and teachers' colleges in the city, as well as many theaters, museums and art galleries.