I-Lithuania, igama elipheleleyo leRiphabhlikhi yaseLithuania, igubungela indawo ye-65,300 yeekhilomitha. Ubude bebonke bomda ziikhilomitha ezili-1,846, ezili-1,747 zeekhilomitha yimida yomhlaba kunye neekhilomitha ezingama-99 zonxweme. Ime kunxweme olusempuma yoLwandle lweBaltic, emdeni umda yiLatvia emantla, iBelarus kumazantsi mpuma, kunye neKaliningrad Oblast nePoland kumazantsi mpuma. Umhlaba uthe tyaba, uneenduli ezingashukumiyo empuma nasentshona, nokuphakama okuphakathi kweemitha ezingama-200, ongumhlaba womlotha. Eyona milambo iphambili nguMlambo iNeman (iNemunas River), kwaye kukho amachibi amaninzi kule ndawo. Yimozulu yotshintsho ukusuka kulwandle ukuya kwilizwekazi. Iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi kuJanuwari ngu -5 ℃, kwaye iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi ngoJulayi li-17 ℃. Ilizwe lahlulwe langamacandelo ali-10: iAlytus, iKaunas, iKlaipeda, iMarijampole, iPavevezys, iSiauliai, iTaurag, iTelsi IAi, Utena, kunye neVilnius banezixeko ezili-108 kunye nezithili ezingama-44. Uluntu lodidi lwabonakala kwinkulungwane yesi-5 neye-6 ye-AD. Ihlaselwe yinkosi yaseJamani yenkulungwane ye-12. I-Grand Duchy emanyeneyo yaseLithuania yasekwa ngo-1240. Isizwe saseLithuania senziwa ngenkulungwane ye-13. Ngo-1569, ngokweSivumelwano saseLublin, iPoland neLithuania zidityanisiwe zabumba uBukumkani basePoland-Lithuania. Ukususela ngo-1795 ukuya ku-1815, yonke i-Lithuania (ngaphandle komda we-Klaipeda) yahlanganiswa neRashiya. U-Li wayehlala eJamani ngexesha leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. NgoFebruwari 16, 1918, i-Lithuania yabhengeza inkululeko kwaye yaseka i-republic bourgeois. Ukususela ngo-Disemba 1918 ukuya ku-Janyuwari ka-1919, uninzi lwommandla wase-Lithuania waseka amandla eSoviet. Ngo-Februwari 1919, i-Lithuania kunye ne-Belarus ngokudibeneyo zakha i-Thuanian-Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic. Ngo-Agasti wonyaka omnye, iRiphabhlikhi yase-Bourgeois yasekwa yaze yabhengeza inkululeko. Ngokomgaqo olandelwayo ofihlakeleyo weSoviet-German non-aggression contract ngoAgasti 23, 1939, iLithuania yabekwa phantsi kommandla weSoviet Union, kwaza emva koko kwafika amajoni aseSoviet eLithuania. Ngo-1944, umkhosi waseSoviet waphinda wangena eLithuania waseka iRiphabliki yaseLithuania yeSocialist kwaye wajoyina iSoviet Union. Ngomhla wamashumi amathathu ananye ku-Matshi 1990, iLithuania yazimela kwi-Soviet Union. NgoSeptemba 6, 1991, elona gunya liphezulu leSoviet Union, iBhunga likaRhulumente, layamkela ngokusemthethweni inkululeko yaseLithuania. NgoSeptemba 17 kwakuloo nyaka, iLithuania yajoyina iZizwe eziManyeneyo. Ijoyine ngokusesikweni i-WTO ngoMeyi 2001.

Iflegi yesizwe: Ngxande ethe tyaba enomlinganiso wobude kububanzi be-2: 1. Iqulethwe yimichilo emithathu ethe tye, emthubi, eluhlaza kunye nobomvu ukusuka phezulu kuye ezantsi. I-Lithuania yabhengeza inkululeko ngo-1918 kwaye yaseka i-republic bourgeois, isebenzisa iflegi etyheli, eluhlaza, nebomvu njengeflegi yelizwe. Yayiyiriphabliki yelizwe elalisakuba yiSoviet Union ngo-1940. Yamkela iflegi ebomvu enenkwenkwezi etyheli enamanqaku amahlanu, irhengqa kunye nesando kwikona ephezulu ngasekhohlo, kunye nomtya omhlophe omxinwa kunye neflegi ebomvu enemigca ebomvu esezantsi. Ngo-1990, yabhengeza inkululeko kwaye yamkela le flegi ichazwe ngasentla njengeflegi yesizwe.

I-Lithuania inabemi abazizigidi ezingama-3.3848 (ekupheleni kuka-2006), benabantu abaninzi abangama-51.8 ngabantu ngekhilomitha nganye. Iqela laseLithuania lenze i-83.5%, iqela lasePoland lafumana i-6.7%, kwaye iqela laseRussia lafumana i-6.3%. Ukongeza, kukho ubuhlanga obufana neBelarus, iUkraine, kunye namaJuda. Ulwimi lwaseburhulumenteni sisiLithuania, kwaye olona lwimi luthethwayo sisiRashiya. Ngokuyintloko bakholelwa kubuRoma Katolika, benabalandeli abamalunga ne-2.75 yezigidi. Ukongeza, kukho iCawa yobuOthodoki yaseMpuma kunye neCawa yamaProtestanti yamaLuthere.

I-Lithuania ihambele phambili kakhulu kwimizi-mveliso nakwezolimo. Emva kwenkululeko, yahamba yaya kuqoqosho lwentengiso ngokobambiswano kwinkampani, kwaye imeko yezoqoqosho yayizinzile. Imithombo yendalo ihlwempuzekile, kodwa i-amber ininzi, kwaye kukho intwana encinci yodongwe, isanti, ikalika, i-gypsum, i-peat, i-iron ore, i-apatite kunye ne-petroleum.I-petroleum kunye negesi yendalo efunekayo iyangeniswa. Inani elincinci leoyile kunye negesi yendalo sele ifunyenwe kwimimandla eselunxwemeni, kodwa oovimba abakabikho bungqina. Indawo yehlathi ziihektare ezili-1,975,500, kwaye inqanaba lokugutyungelwa kwehlathi lingaphezulu kwama-30%. Zininzi izilwanyana zasendle, kukho iintlobo ezingaphezu kwama-60 zezilwanyana ezanyisayo, ngaphezu kwama-300 eentaka kunye neentlobo ezingaphezu kwe-50 zeentlanzi. Umzi mveliso lishishini leentsika laseLithuania, ikakhulu elinamacandelo amathathu: ezemigodi kunye nekwari, ukuqhubekekiswa nokwenziwa kwemveliso, kunye nomzi mveliso wamandla. Iindidi zamashishini zigqibelele ngokuthe gabalala, ikakhulu ukutya, ukwenziwa kweenkuni, amalaphu, iikhemikhali, njl., Ukuvelisa oomatshini, imichiza, i-petrochemical, imboni ye-elektroniki, amashishini okusombulula intsimbi, njl.njl. Ngaphezulu kwama-80 amazwe kunye nemimandla emhlabeni. Ikomkhulu iVilnius liziko lezemveliso likazwelonke.Ixabiso lemveliso yesixeko lixabisa ngaphezulu kwesibini kwisithathu sexabiso elipheleleyo lemveliso yaseLithuania. Ezolimo zilawulwa yimfuyo ekumgangatho ophezulu, ebanga ngaphezulu kwe-90% yexabiso lemveliso yezolimo. Izivuno zezolimo ziphantsi kakhulu. IVilnius: IVilnius, ikomkhulu laseLithuania, ikwindawo ekudibana kuyo imilambo yeNeris kunye neVilnius kumazantsi mpuma eLithuania. Inommandla weekhilomitha ezingama-287 ezikwere kunye nabemi abangama-578,000 (ngoJanuwari 1, 2000).

Igama "Vilnius" lavela kwigama elithi "Vilkas" (ingcuka) ngesiLithuania. Ngokwentsomi, ngenkulungwane ye-12, iGrand Duke yaseLithuania yeza apha izokuzingela.Ngobusuku, yaphupha iingcuka ezininzi zibaleka zinyuka iinduli.Enye yeengcuka ezinamandla yakhala kakhulu emva kokoyisa iingcuka. Umphuphi uthe eli phupha lihle. Ukuba wakha isixeko apha, siza kuba lidumo kwihlabathi liphela. I-Grand Duke yaseLithuania emva koko yakha inqaba kwinduli yomhlaba wokuzingela.

Ihlomela ledolophu yaseVilnius lidume ngobuhle bayo. Kukho iindawo zokuhlambela ezigqwesileyo kumantla mpuma esixeko, kwaye iVarakumpia yindawo egxile kwiidolophana. Amachibi eTrakai asasazwe kwiidolophu ezisentshona zesixeko.Amachibi acacile, imithi ichumile, kwaye ubuhle bayo bubuhle. I-Trakai yayikade ilikomkhulu le-Trakai Principality, kwaye isagcina amanxiwa ebhotwe langaphambili, kwaye imizobo eseleyo kwibhotwe isabonakala kancinci.

Ixabiso lemveliso yeVilnius linika ngaphezulu kwesibini kwisithathu sexabiso elipheleleyo lemveliso yelizwe. Iimveliso zeshishini ikakhulu zibandakanya ii-lathes, oomatshini bezolimo, izixhobo zokubala ezisebenza ngombane kunye nezixhobo zombane, amalaphu, iimpahla, ukutya, njl. Kukho iiyunivesithi zikazwelonke, iikholeji zobunjineli boluntu, iikholeji zobugcisa obuhle kunye neekholeji zootitshala esixekweni, kunye neqonga ezininzi, iimyuziyam kunye neegalari zobugcisa.