Rasha ta mamaye yanki sama da murabba'in kilomita 17.0754 kuma ita ce kasa mafi girma a duniya.Yana can gabashin Turai da arewacin Asiya, tana iyaka da Tekun Fasifik a gabas, Tekun Filand a tekun Baltic da ke yamma, da kuma kewaya Eurasia. Maƙwabtan ƙasar sune Norway da Finland zuwa arewa maso yamma, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, da Belarus zuwa yamma, Ukraine zuwa kudu maso yamma, Georgia, Azerbaijan, da Kazakhstan a kudu, China, Mongolia da Koriya ta Arewa zuwa kudu maso gabas, da Japan zuwa gabas. A gefen teku daga Amurka, bakin gabar yana da tsayin kilomita 33,807. Yawancin yankuna suna cikin yankin arewa mai sanyin yanayi, tare da yanayi daban-daban, akasarin nahiyoyi.

Sanarwa

Rasha, wanda aka fi sani da Tarayyar Rasha, yana yankin arewacin Eurasia, yana ɓata mafi yawan ƙasashen Gabashin Turai da Arewacin Asiya, mafi yawa Tana da tsawon kilomita 9,000, fadin kilomita 4,000 daga arewa zuwa kudu, kuma tana da fadin kasa kilomita murabba'i miliyan 17.0754 (76% na yankin tsohuwar tarayyar Sobiyat). Ita ce kasa mafi girma a duniya, tana dauke da kashi 11.4% na duk fadin yankin duniya, tare da gabar teku mai kilomita 34,000. Yawancin Rasha suna cikin yankin arewacin mai sanyin yanayi, tare da yanayi iri-iri, galibi na nahiyoyi. Bambancin zafin jiki gabaɗaya yana da girma, tare da matsakaicin zazzabi a watan Janairu wanda ya fara daga -1 ° C zuwa -37 ° C, kuma matsakaicin zazzabi a watan Yuli yana farawa daga 11 ° C zuwa 27 ° C.

Rasha a yanzu ta hada da cibiyoyin tarayya 88, da suka hada da jamhuriyoyi 21, yankuna kan iyaka 7, jihohi 48, kananan hukumomi 2 na tarayya, lardin 1 mai cin gashin kansa, 9 Yankuna masu cin gashin kansu.

Kakannin Russia su ne Russianabilar Rasha ta Slav ta Gabas. Daga ƙarshen karni na 15 zuwa farkon ƙarni na 16, tare da Grand Duchy na Moscow a matsayin cibiyar, sannu a hankali suka kafa ƙasar da ke fama da rikice-rikice masu yawa. A cikin 1547, Ivan na IV (Ivan mai ban tsoro) ya canza taken Grand Duke zuwa Tsar. A cikin 1721, Peter I (Peter the Great) ya canza sunan ƙasarsa zuwa Daular Rasha. An dakatar da Serfdom a 1861. Daga ƙarshen karni na 19 zuwa farkon ƙarni na 20, ta zama ƙasar mulkin mallaka ta mulkin mallaka. A watan Fabrairun 1917, juyin juya halin bouriyya ya kifar da tsarin mulkin mallaka. A ranar 7 ga Nuwamba, 1917 (25 ga Oktoba a kalandar Rasha), Rikicin gurguzu na Oktoba ya kafa ikon mulkin gurguzu na farko a duniya-Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Soviet Tarayyar Rasha. A ranar 30 ga Disamba, 1922, Tarayyar Rasha, Tarayyar Transcaucasian, Ukraine, da Belarus suka kafa Tarayyar Soviet Socialist Republics (daga baya aka fadada zuwa jamhuriyoyi membobi 15). A ranar 12 ga Yuni, 1990, Soviet Soviet ta Tarayyar Soviet ta Soviet Socialist Republic ta gabatar da "Sanarwar Sarauta ta Jiha", tana mai bayyana cewa Tarayyar Rasha tana da "cikakken iko" a cikin yankunanta. A watan Agusta 1991, “8.19” lamarin ya faru a Tarayyar Soviet. A ranar 6 ga Satumba, Majalisar Jiha ta Tarayyar Soviet ta zartar da wani kuduri na amincewa da ‘yancin jamhuriyoyin uku na Estonia, Latvia, da Lithuania. A ranar 8 ga Disamba, shugabannin jamhuriyoyi uku na Tarayyar Rasha, Belarus da Ukraine sun rattaba hannu kan Yarjejeniyar kan Tarayyar Kasashe masu zaman kansu a ranar Belovy, suna masu shelar kafuwar Tarayyar ta Kasashe masu zaman kansu. A ranar 21 ga Disamba, jamhuriyoyi 11 na Tarayyar Soviet, ban da kasashe uku na Poland da Georgia, sun rattaba hannu kan sanarwar Almaty da Tarayyar Kasashe Masu zaman kansu. A ranar 26 ga Disamba, Gidan Jamhuriyar Soviet ta Tarayyar Soviet ta yi taronta na karshe kuma ta sanar da cewa Tarayyar Soviet ta daina wanzuwa. Ya zuwa yanzu, Tarayyar Soviet ta wargaje, kuma Tarayyar Rasha ta zama ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta gabaki ɗaya kuma ta zama ita ce mai maye gurbin Tarayyar Soviet.

Tutar ƙasa: a murabba'i mai rectangle tare da rabo tsawon zuwa nisa na kusan 3: 2. Tutar tuta an haɗa ta da murabba'i mai ma'ana uku da daidaita, waɗanda suke fari, shuɗi, da ja daga sama zuwa ƙasa. Rasha tana da yanki mai faɗi sosai.Kasar tana faɗin yankuna uku na yanayi mai sanyi, yankin ruwa mai banƙyama da yanki mai yanayin yanayi, waɗanda ke haɗe a layi ɗaya da murabbarorin murabba'i masu launuka uku, waɗanda ke nuna wannan halayyar ta yanayin ƙasar Rasha. Farin yana wakiltar yanayin yanayin dusar kankara na yankin sanyi a cikin shekara; shudi yana wakiltar yankin yanayi mai sanyi, amma kuma yana nuna wadatattun ma'adanai na karkashin kasa na Rasha, dazuzzuka, ikon ruwa da sauran albarkatun kasa; ja alama ce ta yankin mai yanayin yanayi, kuma yana nuna dogon tarihin Rasha. Taimakon wayewar ɗan adam. Fararen, shudi, da launuka masu launuka masu launuka uku masu launin ja, fari, da shuɗi da aka yi amfani da su lokacin mulkin Bitrus Mai Girma a 1697. Laƙuman launuka masu launin ja, fari, da shuɗi ana kiransu launukan Pan-Slavic. Bayan nasarar juyin juya halin Oktoba a cikin 1917, an soke tutar mai tricolor. A shekara ta 1920, gwamnatin Soviet ta karɓi sabon tutar ƙasar da ta ƙunshi ja da shuɗi, tare da madaidaiciyar shuɗi a gefen hagu, da kuma jan tuta mai tauraruwa masu yatsa biyar da ƙetare guduma da sikila a dama. Bayan wannan tutar tutar Rasha ce ta Tarayyar Soviet ta Tarayyar Soviet. Bayan kafuwar Tarayyar Soviet Socialist Republics a 1922, an sauya tutar kasar zuwa tutar ja da ke dauke da tauraruwa mai yatsu biyar mai zinare, sikila da guduma a saman kwanar hagu. Bayan wargajewar Tarayyar Soviet a shekarar 1991, an sauyawa Tarayyar Soviet Soviet Socialist Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Rasha, sannan daga baya aka fara amfani da farin, shuɗi, da ja a matsayin tutar ƙasar.

Rasha tana da yawan mutane miliyan 142.7, tana matsayi na 7 a duniya, tare da kabilu sama da 180, wanda kaso 79.8% na Rasha ne. Manyan kabilun sun hada da Tatar, Yukren, Bashkir, Chuvash, Chechnya, Armenia, Moldova, Belarus, Kazakh, Udmurtia, Azerbaijani, Mali da Jamusanci. Yaren Rashanci shine harshen hukuma a duk yankin tarayyar Rasha, kuma kowace jamhuriya tana da ikon ayyana harshenta na ƙasa da amfani da shi tare da Rashanci a cikin yankin jamhuriyyar. Babban addinin shine Gabas ta Gabas, sai kuma Musulunci. Dangane da sakamakon binciken na Cibiyar Nazarin Ra'ayoyin Jama'a ta All-Russia a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, 50% -53% na mutanen Rasha sun yi imani da Cocin Orthodox, 10% sun yi imani da Islama, 1% sun yi imani da Katolika da Yahudanci, kuma 0.8% sun yi imani da Buddha.

Rasha tana da fadi da kuma wadatuwa da albarkatu, kuma yankin da yake da fadi ya bai wa Rasha albarkatun kasa. Yankin da yake dazuzukan ya kai hekta miliyan 867, wanda ya kai kashi 51% na fadin kasar, kuma katako dinsa ya kai mita biliyan 80.7; tabbataccen iskar gas din ta ya kai mita tiriliyan 48, wanda ya kai sama da kashi daya cikin uku na dukiyar duniya da aka tabbatar. Matsayi na farko a duniya; tabbataccen tanadin mai na tan biliyan 6.5, wanda ya kai 12% zuwa 13% na tabbataccen tanadin duniya; gawayi na tan biliyan 200, na biyu a duniya; ƙarfe, aluminium, uranium, zinariya, da dai sauransu. Hakanan wuraren ajiya suna daga cikin mafi kyau a duniya. Arziki mai yawa yana ba da cikakken goyan baya ga masana'antar Rasha da haɓaka aikin gona. Rasha tana da ƙaƙƙarfan tushe na masana'antu da cikakkun sassa, galibi injuna, ƙarfe, ƙarafa, man fetur, iskar gas, gawayi, masana'antar gandun daji da masana'antar sinadarai. Rasha tana ba da kulawa daidai wajan noma da kiwon dabbobi Babban amfanin gona sune alkama, sha'ir, hatsi, masara, shinkafa da wake.Bikin kiwon dabbobi galibi shanu ne, tumaki, da aladu. Tarayyar Soviet ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙasashe biyu na duniya masu ƙarfi, tare da ci gaban tattalin arziƙi.Sai dai, bayan wargajewar Tarayyar Soviet, ƙarfin tattalin arziƙin Rasha ya ɗan sami raguwa sosai, kuma ya murmure a shekarun baya. A shekarar 2006, GDP din kasar Rasha ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 732.892, wanda ke matsayi na 13 a duniya, inda darajar mai kudin ta kai dalar Amurka 5,129.

Moscow babban birnin Rasha yana da ɗan tarihi mai tsayi. Akwai shahararrun gine-gine kamar su Kremlin, Red Square, da Fadar Hunturu a cikin birnin. Jirgin kasan na Moscow yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin jirgin karkashin kasa a duniya.Koda yaushe ana san shi a matsayin mafi kyawun jirgin karkashin ƙasa a duniya kuma yana jin daɗin suna na "gidan fasaha ta karkashin kasa". Hanyoyin gine-ginen tashoshin jirgin karkashin kasa sun bambanta, kyawawa kuma kyawawa. Kowane tashar an tsara ta da sanannen mai zane-zanen gida.Yana da iri iri iri na marmara, kuma ana amfani da marmara, mosaic, granite, yumbu da gilasai masu launuka iri iri don yin ado da manya-manyan bango da taimako daban-daban tare da salon fasaha iri daban-daban. Abubuwan da aka sassaka, haɗe da kowane irin haske na musamman, sun yi kama da wani katafaren fada, wanda ke sa mutane su ji kamar ba su a ƙasa kwata-kwata.Wasu ayyukan na ban mamaki kuma suna sa mutane mantawa da dawowa.

Manyan biranen

Moscow: babban birnin Rasha, ɗaya daga cikin manyan biranen duniya, kuma Cibiyar siyasa, tattalin arziki, kimiyya, al'adu da sufuri ta Rasha. Moscow tana tsakiyar Tsibirin Rasha, a kan Kogin Moskva, a hayin Kogin Moskva da raƙuman ruwan Yauza. Babban Moscow (gami da yankin cikin hanyar ringi) ya mamaye yanki mai girman kilomita murabba'i 900, gami da bel na koren waje, gaba ɗaya yakai murabba'in kilomita 1,725.

Moscow birni ne mai da dadadden tarihi da al'ada mai ɗaukaka. An gina shi a tsakiyar karni na 12. Sunan garin Mosko ya fito ne daga Kogin Moskva Akwai maganganu guda uku game da asalin asalin Kogin Moskva: Low Wetland (Slavic), Niudukou (Finnish-Ugric), da Jungle (Kabarda). An fara ganin birin Moscow a cikin tarihi a matsayin yanki a cikin 1147 AD. Ya zama babban birnin Masarautar Moscow a farkon karni na 13. A cikin karni na 14, 'yan Russia sun mai da hankali kan Moscow kuma sun tara sojojin da ke kewaye da su don yakar mulkin masarautar Mongolia, don haka suka hada kan Rasha da kafa kasar gaba daya.

Moscow ita ce cibiyar fasaha da al'adu ta ƙasa tare da cibiyoyin ilimi da yawa, gami da makarantun gaba da sakandare na 1433 da manyan makarantu 84. Mafi shahararren jami'a ita ce Jami'ar Jami'ar Lomonosov Moscow (fiye da ɗalibai 26,000). Laburaren Lenin shine babban dakin karatu na biyu a duniya, tare da tarin littattafai miliyan 35.7 (1995). Akwai gidajen kallo 121 a cikin garin. National Grand Theater, Moscow Art Theater, National Central Puppet Theater, Moscow State Circus, da Orchestra na Symphony Orchestra na Rasha suna jin daɗin mutuncin duniya.

Moscow ita ma babbar cibiyar kasuwanci ce ta Tarayyar Kasashe Masu Zaman Kansu. Babban ofisoshin kasuwanci da hada-hadar kudi na Rasha duk suna nan. Tana da hedkwatar bankunan ƙasa, da cibiyoyin inshora, da manyan shagunan manyan shaguna 66. Daga cikin manyan shagunan, "Duniyar Yara", Shagon Sashen Tsakiya da Shagon Sashen Nationalasa sune mafi girma.

Moscow birni ne mai tarihi, wanda ke kan Kremlin da Red Square da aka tsara sosai, suna haskakawa zuwa kewayen. Fadar Kremlin fadar sarakunan tsars ce ta Rasha. Mai martaba ne kuma sananne ne a duniya. A gabashin Kremlin ita ce cibiyar bikin ƙasa ─ Square Red Square. Akwai Kabarin Lenin a cikin Red Square da Pokrovsky Church (1554-1560) a ƙarshen kudu. .

St. Petersburg: St. Fortarfin soja na Petersburg wanda aka gina a shekarar 1703 shine samfurin birni, kuma magajin gari na farko shine Duke na Menshkov. Fadar ta tashi daga Moscow zuwa St. Petersburg a shekarar 1711, kuma a shekarar 1712 an tabbatar da St. Petersburg a matsayin babban birnin Rasha. A watan Maris 1918 Lenin ya ƙaura da gwamnatin Soviet daga Petrograd zuwa Moscow.

Garin na St. Har ila yau, tashar jiragen ruwa a cikin ƙasashe 70 na iya isa zuwa manyan yankuna na cikin teku ta hanyoyin ruwa; St.

Garin na St. Petersburg sanannen cibiyar kimiyya ne, da al'adu da fasaha, kuma muhimmin tushe don horar da aikin kimiyya da ma'aikatan sarrafa kayayyaki. Akwai manyan cibiyoyin ilimi guda 42 a cikin garin (gami da Jami'ar St Petersburg da aka kafa a 1819) .An san St. Petersburg da sunan "Babban Birnin Al'adu". Akwai gidajen kallo 14 da gidajen tarihi 47 a cikin garin (The Hermitage Museum and the Russian Museum sun shahara a duniya).