Russia gbara ihe kariri 17.0754 square kilomita ma buru kwa obodo kacha ibu n’uwa.Ọ di na odida anyanwu Europe na mgbago ugwu Esia, gbara oke osimiri Pacific Ocean n’akuku owuwa anyanwu, Gulf of Finland na Oke Osimiri Baltic na odida anyanwu, ma na emegha Eurasia. Ndị agbata obi ala bụ Norway na Finland na northwest, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, na Belarus na ọdịda anyanwụ, Ukraine na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ, Georgia, Azerbaijan, na Kazakhstan na ndịda, China, Mongolia na North Korea na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, na Japan na ọwụwa anyanwụ. N’ofe oke osimiri site na United States, ụsọ oké osimiri ahụ dị kilomita 33,807 n’ogologo. Ọtụtụ mpaghara dị na mpaghara ugwu ugwu, nwere oke ugwu dị iche iche, ọkachasị kọntinent. Russia, nke a makwaara dị ka Russian Federation, dị n'akụkụ ugwu nke Eurasia, na-agbagharịkarị akụkụ nke ala Ọwụwa Anyanwụ Europe na North Asia, nke kachasị Ọ dị kilomita 9,000 n’ogologo, kilomita 4,000 n’obosara site n’ebe ugwu ruo n’ebe ndịda, ma na-ekpuchi mpaghara nke 17.0754 nde square kilomita (na-atụle 76% nke ókèala nke mbụ Soviet Union). Ọ bụ mba kachasị ukwuu n’ụwa, na-atụle 11.4% nke ala dum nke ụwa, yana oke osimiri nke 34,000 kilomita. Ọtụtụ n’ime Russia dị na mpaghara ugwu ugwu, nwere ihu igwe dị iche iche, ọkachasị kọntinent. Ihe dị iche iche dị na mbara igwe na-adịkarị, yana nkezi okpomọkụ na Jenụwarị sitere na -1 Celsius C ruo -37 ° C, yana nkezi okpomọkụ na July sitere na 11 Celsius C ruo 27 Celsius.

Russia ugbu a mejupụtara gọọmentị etiti 88, gụnyere mba iri abụọ na otu, mpaghara mpaghara asaa, steeti iri anọ na asatọ, obodo gọọmentị etiti abụọ, ọchịchị kwurula nke mbụ, 9 Mpaghara ndị kwụụrụ agbagọ.

Ndị nna ochie nke ndị Russia bụ agbụrụ Russia nke Eastern Slav. Site na ngwụcha narị afọ nke 15 ruo na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 16, na Grand Duchy nke Moscow dị ka etiti, jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ guzobe mba agbụrụ agbụrụ dị iche iche. Na 1547, Ivan nke Anọ (Ivan nke jọgburu onwe ya) gbanwere aha Grand Duke ka ọ bụrụ Tsar. Na 1721, Peter nke Mbụ (Peter Onye Ukwu) gbanwere aha obodo ya na Russia. A kwụsịrị Serfdom na 1861. Site na njedebe nke narị afọ nke 19 ruo na mmalite nke narị afọ nke 20, ọ ghọrọ mba ndị agha na-achị ndị ọchịchị. Na February 1917, ọgba aghara bourgeois kwaturu usoro ọchịchị aka ike. Na Nọvemba 7, 1917 (October 25th na kalenda Russia), Ọchịchị Ọchịchị nke Ọchịchị nke October guzobere ike ọchịchị obodo nke ụwa mbụ-Soviet Soviet Federal Socialist Republic. Na December 30, 1922, Russian Federation, Transcaucasian Federation, Ukraine, na Belarus guzobere Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (nke mechara gbasaa ruo mba iri na ise). Na June 12, 1990, Soviet kacha elu nke Soviet Soviet Federal Socialist Republic wepụtara "Nkwupụta Ọchịchị nke Ọchịchị", na-ekwupụta na Russian Federation nwere "ọbụbụeze zuru oke" na mpaghara ya. N’ọnwa Ọgọstụ 1991, ihe “8.19” mere na Soviet Union. Na Septemba 6, Kansụl Steeti nke Soviet Union kpebiri mkpebi na-egosi nnwere onwe nke mba atọ nke Estonia, Latvia, na Lithuania. Ka ọnwa nke asatọ dị na mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri na asatọ, ndị isi nke mba atọ nke Russian Federation, Belarus na Ukraine bịanyere aka na nkwekọrịta na Commonwealth of Independent States na Belovy Day, na-ekwupụta nguzobe nke Commonwealth nke Independent States. Na December 21, mba iri na otu nke Soviet Union, ewezuga mba atọ nke Poland na Georgia, bịanyere aka na Nkwupụta Almaty na Commonwealth of Independent States Protocol. Ka ọnwa nke iri na abụọ dị na mkpụrụ ụbọchị iri abụọ na isii n’ ,lọ Disemba, ,lọ nke Soviet kacha elu nke Soviet Union nwere nzukọ ikpeazụ ha wee maa ọkwa na Soviet Union adịkwaghị. Ruo ugbu a, Soviet Union kewara, na Russian Federation ghọrọ mba nweere onwe ya kpamkpam wee bụrụ onye nọchiri Soviet Union.

Ọkọlọtọ mba: pịịl ga-anọ n ’akụkụ ya n’ ogologo ya n’obosara nke ihe dịka 3: 2. Ejikọtara ọkọlọtọ site na ntanetị anọ atọ na nha anya kwụ ọtọ, nke na-acha ọcha, acha anụnụ anụnụ, na uhie site n'elu ruo na ala. Obodo Russia nwere mpaghara oke ikuku atọ nke mpaghara jụrụ oyi, mpaghara mmiri na mpaghara dị jụụ, nke jikọtara ya na akụkụ atọ nwere agba anọ, nke na-egosi njirimara nke ọnọdụ mpaghara Russia. White na-anọchite anya ihu igwe na-acha snow nke mpaghara mmiri na-acha oyi na-atụ n'oge afọ; acha anụnụ anụnụ na-anọchi anya mpaghara ihu igwe dị ala, mana ọ na-egosiputa akụ akụ dị n'okpuru ala Russia, oke ohia, ike mmiri na akụ ndị ọzọ; acha ọbara ọbara bụ akara nke mpaghara dị jụụ, na-egosikwa ogologo oge nke Russia. Onyinye nke mmepeanya mmadu. Ọkọlọtọ na-acha ọcha, na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, na-acha ọbara ọbara na-abịa site na-acha uhie uhie, ọcha, na-acha anụnụ anụnụ e ji mee ihe n'oge ọchịchị nke Peter the Great na 1697. A na-akpọ agba ndị na-acha uhie uhie, ọcha, na-acha anụnụ anụnụ Pan-Slavic. Mgbe mmeri nke mgbanwe mgbanwe nke October na 1917, a kagbuola ọkọlọtọ tricolor. Na 1920, gọọmentị Soviet nakweere ọkọlọtọ mba ọhụrụ nke mejupụtara ọbara ọbara na-acha anụnụ anụnụ, nke nwere eriri na-acha anụnụ anụnụ n'akụkụ aka ekpe ya na kpakpando nwere akara aka ise ma gafere hama na nkọcha na ọkọlọtọ ọbara ọbara n'aka nri. Mgbe ọkọlọtọ a bụ ọkọlọtọ nke Soviet Soviet Federal Socialist Republic. Mgbe e guzobere Union of Soviet Socialist Republics na 1922, a gbanwere ọkọlọtọ mba na ọkọlọtọ na-acha uhie uhie nwere kpakpando nwere akara aka ọla edo ise, mma nzi na hama na akuku aka ekpe elu. Mgbe e tisasịrị Soviet Union na 1991, e degharịrị aha Soviet Soviet Federal Socialist Republic dị ka Russian Federation, e mesịkwara nakwe ọkọlọtọ ọcha, acha anụnụ anụnụ na ọbara ọbara dị ka ọkọlọtọ mba.

Russia nwere onu ogugu mmadu 142.7, onodu 7th n ’uwa, nwere otutu agbụrụ 180, nke 79.8% bụ ndị Russia. Ndị agbụrụ pere mpe bụ Tatar, Ukraine, Bashkir, Chuvash, Chechnya, Armenia, Moldova, Belarus, Kazakh, Udmurtia, Azerbaijani, Mali na Germanic. Russian bụ asụsụ gọọmentị na mpaghara dum nke Russian Federation, na mba ọ bụla nwere ikike ịkọwa asụsụ obodo ya ma jiri ya na Russian na mpaghara nke Republic. Isi okpukpe bụ Eastern Orthodox, Islam na-esote. Dabere na nsonaazụ nyocha nke Researchlọ Ọrụ Nnyocha Ọha nke Ọha na Russia na afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, 50% -53% nke ndị Russia kwenyere na Chọọchị Ọtọdọks, 10% kwenyere na Islam, 1% kwenyere na Katọlik na okpukpe ndị Juu, na 0.8% kwenyere na Buddha.

Russia buru oke ibu ma nwekwaa ọgaranya, yana oke ala ya nyere Russia akụnụba ụwa. Mpaghara oke ohia ya bu hekta 867, nke guru 51% nke ala a, na osisi ya bu 80,7 ijeri cubic mita; ihe okike ya egosiputara bu dolla mita 48, na-ewe ihe kariri otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke nchekwa ụwa egosipụtara. Ejiri nke mbụ na ụwa; mmanụ egosiri nke 6.5 ijeri tọn, na-aza 12% na 13% nke ihe ngosipụta nke ụwa; kol na-echekwa ijeri tọn 200, nke abụọ na ụwa; iron, aluminom, uranium, gold, wdg. Ebe nchekwa ahụ dịkwa n'etiti ndị kacha mma n'ụwa. Onu ogugu bara ụba na-enye nkwado siri ike maka mmepe ulo oru na oru ugbo Russia. Russia nwere ntọala ulo oru siri ike na ngalaba zuru oke, ọkachasị igwe, igwe, igwe, mmanụ, gas, kol, ụlọ ọrụ oke ohia na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkal. Russia na-elebara oru ugbo na ilekota umu anumanu anya anya .. isi ihe ubi bu oka wit, ọka bali, oat, oka, osikapa na agwa. Soviet Union bụbu otu mba abụọ nwere ike ụwa, nwere akụnụba mepere emepe.Ma, mgbe Soviet Union nwụsịrị, ike akụ na ụba Russia enwela ndalata dị oke njọ, ọ gbakere n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. Na 2006, GDP nke Russia bụ ijeri US $ 732.892, na-agbaso 13 na ụwa, yana uru isi ego nke dollar US 5129.

Isi obodo Russia bụ Moscow nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme.E nwere ụlọ ndị a ma ama dịka Kremlin, Red Square, na Obí Winter na obodo ahụ. The Moscow Metro bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị ibu ụzọ ụgbọ oloko n'ụwa. Ọ na mgbe a ghọtara dị ka ndị kasị mma ụzọ ụgbọ oloko na ụwa na-enwe aha nke "n'okpuruala art n'obí". Stylesdị ụlọ ndị dị na ọdụ ụgbọ oloko dị iche iche, mara mma ma maa mma. Ejiri ọmarịcha anụ ụlọ mara ọfịs ọ bụla.Enwere ọtụtụ marble, na marble, mosaic, granite, ceramik na iko ndị nwere ọtụtụ ọyị na-eji eme ihe iji chọọ nnukwu mgbidi na ihe enyemaka dị iche iche nwere ụdị nka dị iche iche. Ihe osise a, tinyere ihe ịchọ mma dị iche iche pụrụ iche, dị ka obí eze mara mma, nke na-eme ka ndị mmadụ chee na ha anọghị n'ala ma ọlị. .Fọdụ n'ime ọrụ ndị ahụ dị ebube ma na-egbu oge.

Isi obodo

Moscow: isi obodo Russia, otu n'ime obodo ndị kachasị ibu n'ụwa, na Obodo ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba, sayensị, ọdịbendị na ụgbọ njem Russia. Moscow dị n’etiti Osimiri Russia, n’akụkụ Osimiri Moskva, gafere Osimiri Moskva na Osimiri Yauza. Ukwuu Moscow (gụnyere mpaghara dị n'okporo ụzọ mgbanaka) na-ekpuchi mpaghara nke kilomita 900, gụnyere eriri na-acha akwụkwọ ndụ dị n'elu, na-agụta 1,725 ​​square kilomita.

Moscow bụ obodo nwere akụkọ mgbe ochie na ọdịnala dị ebube.Ewu ya na etiti narị afọ nke iri na abụọ. Aha obodo Moscow si na Osimiri Moskva Enwere okwu ato banyere akuko banyere Osimiri Moskva: Low Wetland (Slavic), Niudukou (Finnish-Ugric), na Jungle (Kabarda). Ebu ụzọ hụ obodo Moscow na akụkọ ntolite dịka nhazi na 1147 AD. Ọ ghọrọ isi obodo nke Isi nke Moscow na mbido narị afọ nke 13. Na narị afọ nke 14, ndị Russia lekwasịrị anya na Moscow ma kpọkọta ndị agha gbara ha gburugburu iji lụso ọchịchị nke ndị okenye agha nke Mongolia agha, si otú a mee ka Russia dị n'otu ma guzobe obodo etiti mba.

Moscow bụ ebe etiti sayensị, teknụzụ na omenaala, yana ọtụtụ ebe agụmakwụkwọ, gụnyere ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ 1433 na ụlọ akwụkwọ agụmakwụkwọ 84 ka elu. Mahadum kachasị ama ama bụ Lomonosov Moscow State University (karịa ụmụ akwụkwọ 26,000). Lenin Library bụ ụlọ akwụkwọ nke abụọ kachasị ukwuu na ụwa, yana nchịkọta akwụkwọ nde 35.7 (1995). Arelọ ihe nkiri 121 dị n’obodo ahụ. Grandlọ ihe nkiri National Grand, Moscow Art aterlọ ihe nkiri, National Central Puppet aterlọ ihe nkiri, Moscow State Circus, na Russian State Symphony Azam na-enwe ọmarịcha ụwa.

Moscow bụkwa ụlọ ọrụ azụmahịa kachasị ukwuu nke Commonwealth of Independent States. largestlọ ọrụ azụmahịa na ego kachasị ukwuu nke Russia dị ebe a. O nwere isi ụlọ ọrụ nke ụlọ akụ mba, ụlọ ọrụ inshọransị, yana nnukwu ụlọ ahịa ngalaba 66. N'ime ụlọ ahịa ngalaba, "Childrenmụaka "mụaka", Departmentlọ Ahịa Central na Departmentlọ Ahịa National bụ ndị kachasị ukwuu.

Moscow bụ obodo akụkọ ihe mere eme, hiwere isi na Kremlin na Red Square a haziri nke ọma, na-enwu gbaa gburugburu. Kremlin bụ ụlọ ndị nnọchi anya nke tsars na-esote Ọ dị ebube ma bụrụ onye ama ama n'ụwa niile. N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Kremlin bụ etiti emume mba ─ ─ Red Square. Enwere Tom Lenin na Red Square na Pokrovsky Church (1554-1560) na nsọtụ ndịda. .

St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg bụ obodo nke abụọ kacha buo ibu na Russia, na-esote Moscow, ọ bụkwa otu n’ime ụlọ ọrụ ndị njem, teknụzụ, omenala, na njem ụgbọ mmiri Russia na ala. Ebe ewusiri ike nke Petersburg nke e wuru na 1703 bụ ihe ngosi nke obodo ahụ, onye isi obodo mbụ bụ Duke nke Menshkov. N'obí ahụ kwagara Moscow na St. Petersburg na 1711, na 1712 St. Petersburg ka e kwadoro dị ka isi obodo Russia. Na Machị 1918 Lenin wepụrụ ọchịchị Soviet site na Petrograd na Moscow.

Obodo St. Petersburg bụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri Russia na njem ụgbọ ala kachasị mkpa, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri kacha ukwuu Russia, yana ọnụ ụzọ dị mkpa maka njikọ mpụga.Ọ nwere ike jikọọ na Atlantic Ocean site na Gulf of Finland site na Oké Osimiri Baltic. Ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị na mba 70 nwekwara ike iduga n'ọtụtụ ụzọ dịpụrụ adịpụ site na mmiri; St.Petersburg bụ ọdụ ụgbọ elu mba dị mkpa, yana ihe karịrị obodo ụlọ 200 na ihe karịrị mba 20 na-arụ ọrụ.

Obodo nke St. Enwere kọleji na mahadum 42 dị na obodo ahụ (gụnyere Mahadum St. Petersburg guzobere na 1819) .A maara St. Petersburg dị ka "isi obodo ọdịnala". E nwere ụlọ ihe nkiri 14 na ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie 47 n'obodo ahụ (The Hermitage Museum na Russian Museum bụ ndị a ma ama n'ụwa niile).