Ua uhi ʻo Russia i kahi ma mua o 17.0754 miliona mau kilomika kilomika a ʻo ia ka ʻāina nui loa ma ka honua. Aia ia ma ka hikina o ʻEulopa a me ka ʻākau o ʻAsia, e pili ana i ka Moana Pākīpika ma ka hikina, ke kahawai o Pinilana ma ke kai ʻo Baletika ma ke komohana, a me Eurasia. ʻO nā hoalauna ʻāina ʻo Nolewai a me Pinilana ma ka ʻākau komohana, Estonia, Latvia, Lituania, Polani, a me Belarus ma ke komohana, Ukraine ma ke komohana hema, Keokia, Azerbaijan, a me Kazakhstan ma ka hema, Kina, Mongolia a me Kōlea ʻĀkau ma ka hema hikina, a me Iapana ma ka hikina. Ma ke kai mai ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo 33,807 kilomika ka lōʻihi o ke kahakai. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā wahi ma ka ʻāpana akau akau, me nā aniau like ʻole, ka hapa nui o ʻAmelika. ʻO Lūkia, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ka Russian Federation, aia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o Eurasia, e pili ana i ka hapa nui o ka ʻāina o ʻEulopa Hikina a me ʻAkau ʻAkau, ʻo ka mea nui loa ʻO 9,000 mau mile ka lōʻihi, 4,000 mau mile ke ākea mai ka ʻākau a hiki i ka hema, a uhi i kahi o 17.0754 miliona mau kilomika kilomika (e helu ana no 76% o nā panalāʻau o ka Soviet Union ma mua) ʻO ia ka ʻāina nui loa ma ka honua, nona ka 11.4% o ka nui o ka ʻāina ma ka honua, me kahi kahakai o 34,000 mau kilomika. ʻO ka hapa nui o Rūsia ma ka ʻāpana akau akau, me kahi aniau ʻokoʻa, ka hapa nui o ʻAmelika. Nui ka nui o ka mahana, me ka awelika o ka mahana ma Ianuali mai -1 ° C a hiki i -37 ° C, a me ka mahana maʻamau i Iulai mai ka 11 ° C a 27 ° C. p Ua haku ʻo Lūkia i 88 mau hui pekelala, me 21 mau repubalika, 7 mau palena ʻāina, 48 mau mokuʻāina, 2 mau kulanakauhale nui pekelala, 1 prefecture kūʻokoʻa, 9 Nā ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa lāhui. ʻO nā kūpuna o nā Lūkia ka ʻohana Lūkia o nā Slav Hikina. Mai ka hopena o ke kenekulia 15 a i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 16, me ka Grand Duchy o Moscow ma ke kikowaena, ua hoʻokumu mālie i kahi ʻāina feudal lehulehu. I ka makahiki 1547, ua hoʻololi ʻo ʻIvana IV (ʻIvani ka weliweli) i ke poʻo inoa o Grand Duke iā Tsar. I ka 1721, ua hoʻololi ʻo Peter I (Peter the Great) i kona inoa ʻāina i ka Lūkini Lūkini. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ʻo Serfdom i ka 1861. Mai ka hopena o ke kenekulia 19 a i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 20, ua lilo ia i aupuni imperialist feudal pūʻali koa. I Pepeluali 1917, ua hoʻokahuli ka kipi bourgeois i ka ʻōnaehana autocratic. Ma Nowemapa 7, 1917 (ʻOkakopa 25th i ka kalena Lūkia), ua hoʻokumu ka ʻOkakopa Socialist Revolution i ka mana mua o ka nohona kaiaulu-ka Lūkini Soviet Federal Social Republic. Ma Kēkēmapa 30, 1922, ka Russian Federation, Transcaucasian Federation, Ukraine, a me Belarus i hoʻokumu i ka Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (ma hope ua hoʻonui ʻia i 15 mau lālā repubika). Ma Iune 12, 1990, ua hoʻopuka ka Luna Nui Soviet o ka Lūkini Lepupalika Pekelala Pekelala Lepupalika i ka "Mōʻī Aliʻi Aupuni", e haʻi ana he "mana loa" ko ka Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa i kāna panalāʻau. I ʻAukake 1991, ua kū ka hanana "8.19" ma ka Soviet Union. Ma ka lā 6 Kepakemapa, ua hoʻoholo ka ʻaha mokuʻāina o ka Soviet Union i kahi ʻōlelo hoʻoholo e ʻike ana i ke kūʻokoʻa o nā ʻāpana republics ʻekolu o Estonia, Latvia, a me Lituania. Ma Kēkēmapa 8, ua pūlima nā alakaʻi o nā repubalika ʻekolu o ka Russian Federation, Belarus a me Ukraine i ka ʻaelike e pili ana i ka Commonwealth o nā Aupuni Kūʻokoʻa i ka lā Belovy, e hoʻolaha ana i ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka Commonwealth of Independent States. Ma Kēkēmapa 21, ua kākau inoa nā 11 republics o ka Soviet Union, koe wale nā ʻāina ʻekolu o Polani a me Georgia, i ka Almaty Declaration a me ka Commonwealth of Independent States Protocol. Ma Kēkēmapa 26, ua mālama ka Hale o ka Lūkini Lepupalika Lepupalika o ka Soviet Union i kā lākou hālāwai hope loa a ua hoʻolaha aku ua pau ka noho ʻana o ka Soviet Union. I kēia manawa, ua haki ka Soviet Union, a ua lilo ke aupuni Lūkia i aupuni kūʻokoʻa a lilo i hoʻokahi ma hope o ka Soviet Union. hae He lehulehu ko Lūkia he 142.7 miliona mau kānaka, kūlana ʻehiku ma ka honua, nona nā lāhui he 180 a ʻoi, a he 79.8% o ko Lūkia. ʻO nā lāhui nui lāhui Tatar, Ukrainian, Bashkir, Chuvash, Chechnya, Armenia, Moldova, Belarus, Kazakh, Udmurtia, Azerbaijani, Mali a me Germanic. ʻO Lūkia ka ʻōlelo kūhelu i ka panalāʻau holoʻokoʻa o ka Lūkia Hui Pū ʻIa, a he kuleana ko kēlā me kēia repubalika e wehewehe i kāna ʻōlelo aupuni ponoʻī a hoʻohana pū ʻia me Lūkia ma loko o ka panalāʻau o ka repubalika. ʻO ka hoʻomana nui ʻo Eastern Orthodox, a ukali ʻia e Islam. Wahi a nā hopena noiʻi o ka All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, 50% -53% o ka poʻe Lūkini e manaʻoʻiʻo nei i ka hale pule Orthodox, 10% e manaʻoʻiʻo i ka Hoʻomana Mohameka, 1% e manaʻoʻiʻo i ka Kakolika a me ka Iudaio, a me ka 0.8% manaʻoʻiʻo i ka Buddhism. p p p p <> He nui a waiwai ʻo Rūsia i nā kumuwaiwai, a hāʻawi nā panalāʻau nui iā Rūsia me nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe he nui. ʻO 867 miliona mau hectares ka laulā o kona ululāʻau, e helu ana no 51% o ka ʻāina ʻāina, a ʻo kāna waihona lāʻau he 80.7 biliona mika cubic; ʻo kāna waihona kinoea kūpuna i hōʻoia ʻia he 48 trillion cubic mika, e helu ana ma mua o ka hapakolu o nā mālama honua i hōʻoia ʻia. Hoʻonohonoho mua ʻia i ka honua; ua mālama ʻia nā aila aila he 6.5 biliona tona, e helu ana he 12% a 13% o nā mālama honua i hōʻoia ʻia; nā waihona lānahu o 200 biliona tona, kūlana ʻelua ma ka honua; hao, aluminika, uranium, gula, a pēlā aku. ʻO nā mea mālama kekahi i waena o nā mea ʻoi loa o ka honua. Hāʻawi nā kumuwaiwai nui i ke kākoʻo paʻa no kā Russia ʻoihana ʻenehana a me nā mahiʻai. He kahua paʻa paʻa ʻo Lūkini a me nā keʻena piha, ka hapanui o nā mīkini, kila, metallurgy, ʻaila ʻaila, ʻenekini kūlohelohe, lānahu, ʻoihana ulu lāʻau a me ka ʻoihana kemika. Ke nānā like nei ʻo Lūkia i ka mahiʻai a me ka mālama holoholona. ʻO nā mea kanu nui, ʻo ia ka palaoa, ka palaoa, ka ʻoka, ka palaoa, ka laiki a me nā pī. ʻO ka hanai holoholona ka hānai nui, ka hipa a me ka mahi puaʻa. ʻO ka Soviet Union kekahi o nā mana nui ʻelua o ka honua me kahi hoʻokele waiwai i kūkulu ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o ka wāwahi ʻia ʻana o ka Soviet Union, ua ʻike ka ikaika o Lūkia i kahi emi nui a hoʻi hou mai i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. I ka makahiki 2006, ʻo GDP a Lūkia he 732.892 biliona kālā US, ke koho ʻia ʻana ma ka 13th o ka honua, me ke kumukūʻai per capita o 5129 US kālā. He moʻolelo lōʻihi loa ko ke kapikala Lūkini ʻo Moscow. Aia kekahi mau hale kaulana e like me Kremlin, Red Square, a me Winter Palace ma ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO ka Metro Moscow kekahi o nā subway nui loa o ka honua. Ua ʻike mau ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he subway maikaʻi loa ma ka honua a ʻoliʻoli i ka inoa o "halealiʻi o lalo". ʻOkoʻa nā ʻano kuhikuhipuʻuone o nā kahua kaʻaahi subway, nani a nani hoʻi. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia kēlā me kēia kahua e ka mea hoʻolālā hale kaulana i kaulana. Nui nā ʻano o ke kinikini, a hoʻohana ʻia ke kinikini, mosaic, granite, pālolo a me nā aniani nunui no ka hoʻonani ʻana i nā mural nui a me nā ʻano kōkua like ʻole me nā kaila noʻeau. ʻO nā kiʻi kālai ʻia, i hui pū ʻia me nā ʻano kukui like ʻole, e like me ka hale aliʻi nani, kahi e manaʻo ai ka poʻe ʻaʻole lākou i ka honua. Kupanaha kekahi o nā hana a hoʻopoina i ka poʻe e hoʻi. p p p i Moneka: ke kulanakauhale nui o Rusia, kekahi o na kulanakauhale nui loa o ka honua, a ʻO Rūsia kālaiʻāina, hoʻokele waiwai, ʻepekema, moʻomeheu a me nā kikowaena halihali. Aia ʻo Moscow ma waenakonu o ka Lūkini Lūkini, ma ka muliwai Moskva, ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ka muliwai Moskva a me nā muliwai ʻo Yauza River. ʻO Greater Moscow (me kahi ma loko o ke alanui apo) uhi ka ʻāpana o 900 kilomika kilomika, me ke kāʻei ʻōmaʻomaʻo waho, e hoʻonui ana i 1,725 kilomika kilomika. He kūlanakauhale nui ʻo Moseka me ka moʻaukala lōʻihi a me ka moʻomeheu hanohano. Kūkulu ʻia ia ma waenakonu o ke kenekulia 12. ʻO ka inoa o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Moscow mai ka muliwai Moskva. ʻEkolu mau ʻōlelo e pili ana i ka etymology o ka muliwai Moskva: Low Wetland (Slavic), Niudukou (Finnish-Ugric), a me Jungle (Kabarda). Ua ʻike mua ʻia ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Moscow ma ka mōʻaukala ma ke ʻano he noho ma 1147 AD. Ua lilo ia i kapikala o ka Principality o Moscow i ka hoʻomaka o ke kenekulia 13. I ke kenekulia 14, ua hoʻokau ko Lūkia ma luna o Moscow a ua hōʻuluʻulu i ko lākou mau pūʻali e kūʻē i ka noho aliʻi ʻana o ka aristocracy Mongolian, no laila e hui pū nei me Rūsia a hoʻokumu i kahi mokuʻāina feudal kikowaena. p p i He wahi ʻepekema, ʻenehana a me kahi moʻomeheu moʻomeheu ʻo Moscow, me nā keʻena hoʻonaʻauao he 1433, a me nā kula kaiapuni he 1433 a me nā kula kiʻekiʻe he 84. ʻO ke kulanui kaulana loa ka Lomonosov Moscow State University (ʻoi aku ma mua o 26,000 nā haumāna). ʻO ka Waihona Waihona Lenin ka lua o ka waihona nui ma ka honua, me ka hōʻuluʻulu o 35.7 miliona mau puke (1995). Aia he 121 hale keaka i ke kulanakauhale. ʻO ka Theatre Grand Theatre, ʻo Moscow Art Theatre, National Central Puppet Theatre, Moscow State Circus, a me Russian State Symphony Orchestra e leʻaleʻa i ka kaulana o ka honua. p / Loaʻa iā ia ke keʻena nui o nā panakō aupuni, nā ʻoihana ʻinikua, a me nā hale kūʻai nui he 66. I waena o nā hale kūʻai, "World Children", Central Department Store a me National Department Store ka mea nui. He kūlanakauhale nui loa ʻo Moseka ma ke kikowaena o Kremlin a me Red Square e hoʻomālamalama nei i nā wahi a puni. ʻO ka Kremlin ka hale aliʻi o nā tsars Lūkia hope loa. He hanohano a kaulana hoʻi ia ma ka honua. Ma ka hikina o ka Kremlin ke kikowaena o nā hana aupuni ─ ─ Red Square. Aia ka hale kupapaʻu o Lenin ma ka Red Square a me Pokrovsky Church (1554-1560) ma ka hopena hema. . p p p St. Petersburg: ʻO St. Petersburg ke kūlanakauhale nui ʻelua ma Rūsia, ma hope o Moscow, a ʻo ia kekahi o ko Rūsia ʻoihana nui, ʻenehana, moʻomeheu, a me nā kikowaena halihali wai a me nā ʻāina. ʻO ka Papu Petersburg i kūkulu ʻia i ka makahiki 1703 ka prototype o ke kūlanakauhale, a ʻo ke kiaʻāina mua ka Duke o Menshkov. Ua neʻe ka hale aliʻi mai Moscow a St. Peterburg i 1711, a ma 1712 ua koho ʻia ʻo St. Petersburg ma ke kapikala o Rūsia. I Malaki 1918 ua neʻe ʻo Lenin i ke aupuni Soviet mai Petrograd i Moscow. ʻO ke kūlanakauhale ʻo St. Petersburg ke kikowaena wai nui a me ka ʻāina o Rūsia, ke awa nui loa o Rūsia, a me kahi ʻīpuka koʻikoʻi no nā pilina kūwaho. Hiki ke hoʻohui pono ʻia i ka Moana ʻAkelanika mai ke kai kūʻono o Finelani ma o ke kai ʻo Baletika. Hiki i nā kahakai i nā ʻāina he 70 ke hōʻea i nā wahi kaha nui o ka ʻāina ma o nā kahawai; ʻO St. Petersburg kahi kahua mokulele honua nui, a ʻoi aku ma mua o 200 mau kūlanakauhale kūloko a ʻoi aku ma mua o 20 mau ʻāina i ka lawelawe. ʻO ke kūlanakauhale ʻo St. Petersburg kahi ʻepekema kaulana, moʻomeheu a me kahi kikowaena kiʻi, a he kumu nui no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka hana ʻepekema a me nā limahana hoʻokele hana. Aia he 42 koleke a me nā kula nui ma ke kūlanakauhale (e like me ke Kulanui o St. Petersburg i hoʻokumu ʻia i 1819). ʻIke ʻia ʻo St. Petersburg ʻo "ke kapikala moʻomeheu". Aia nā hale kiʻi ʻoniʻoni 14 a me nā hale hōʻikeʻike 47 i ke kūlanakauhale (The Hermitage Museum and the Russian Museum are the world-famous). |