Russia khoutu ea naha +7

Mokhoa oa ho letsa Russia

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7

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IDDkhoutu ea naha Khoutu ea toroponomoro ea mohala

Russia Tlhahisoleseling ea Motheo

Nako ea lehae Nako ea hau


Sebaka sa nako ea lehae Phapang ea libaka
UTC/GMT +3 hora

latitude / longitude
61°31'23 / 74°54'0
khouto ea iso
RU / RUS
chelete
Ruble (RUB)
Puo
Russian (official) 96.3%
Dolgang 5.3%
German 1.5%
Chechen 1%
Tatar 3%
other 10.3%
motlakase
Thaepa c European 2-pin Thaepa c European 2-pin
Mofuta oa mofuta oa F oa Shuko Mofuta oa mofuta oa F oa Shuko
folakha ea naha
Russiafolakha ea naha
motse-moholo
Moscow
lenane la libanka
Russia lenane la libanka
baahi
140,702,000
sebaka
17,100,000 KM2
GDP (USD)
2,113,000,000,000
fono
42,900,000
Lekolulo
261,900,000
Palo ea mabotho a inthanete
14,865,000
Palo ea basebelisi ba inthanete
40,853,000

Russia matseno

Russia e koahela sebaka se boholo ba lisekoere-k'hilomithara tse fetang 17.0754 mme ke naha e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng.E fumaneha Europe Bochabela le Asia leboea, e moeling oa Leoatle la Pacific ka bochabela, Koung ea Finland e Leoatleng la Baltic ka bophirima, 'me e parola Eurasia. Baahelani ba naha ke Norway le Finland ka leboea-bophirima, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland le Belarus ka bophirima, Ukraine ka boroa-bophirima, Georgia, Azerbaijan le Kazakhstan ka boroa, China, Mongolia le Korea Leboea ka boroa-bochabela, le Japane ka bochabela. Ka mose ho leoatle ho tloha United States, lebopo le bolelele ba lik'hilomithara tse 33,807. Libaka tse ngata li libakeng tse futhumetseng ka leboea, tse nang le maemo a leholimo a fapaneng, haholo k'honthinente.


Kakaretso ea Russia, eo hape e tsejoang e le Russian Federation, e karolong e ka leboea ea Eurasia, e parolang boholo ba naha ea Europe Bochabela le Asia Leboea, e leng eona e kholo ka ho fetisisa. E bolelele ba lik'hilomithara tse 9,000, bophara ba lik'hilomithara tse 4,000 ho tloha leboea ho ea boroa, 'me e koahela sebaka sa lisekoere-k'hilomithara tse limilione tse 17.0754 (e ikarabellang bakeng sa 76% ea sebaka sa Soviet Union ea mehleng). Boholo ba Russia bo sebakeng se ka leboea se futhumetseng, se nang le maemo a leholimo a fapaneng, haholo kontinenteng. Phapang ea mocheso ka kakaretso e kholo, mocheso o tloaelehileng ka Pherekhong ke -1 ℃ ho -37 ℃, 'me mocheso o tloaelehileng ka Phupu ke 11 ℃ ho isa ho 27 ℃.


Russia ha joale e entsoe ka mekhatlo e kopaneng ea 88, ho kenyeletsoa lirephabliki tse 21, libaka tse 7 tsa meeli, liprofinse tse 48, bomasepala ba 2 ba mmuso, setereke se le seng se ikemetseng, 9 Libaka tse ikemetseng tsa merabe.

 

Baholo-holo ba Marussia ke moloko oa Russia oa Maslav a Bochabela. Ho tloha qetellong ea lekholo la bo15 la lilemo ho isa qalong ea lekholo la bo16 la lilemo, ha Grand Duchy ea Moscow e le setsi, butle-butle e ile ea theha naha ea merabe e fapaneng. Ka 1547, Ivan IV (Ivan the Terrible) o ile a fetola tlotla ea Grand Duke hore e be Tsar. Ka 1721, Peter I (Peter e Moholo) o ile a fetola lebitso la hae ho ba 'Muso oa Russia. Serfdom e ile ea felisoa ka 1861. Ho tloha pheletsong ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo ho isa qalong ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, e ile ea fetoha naha ea bohatelli ea sesole. Ka Pherekhong 1917, phetohelo ea bo-bourgeois e ile ea liha puso ea boipuso. Ka la 7 Pulungoana 1917 (la 25 Mphalane khalendareng ea Russia), Phetohelo ea Bososhiale ea Mphalane e ile ea theha matla a pele a puso ea bokomonisi-Russia Soviet Federal Socialist Republic. Ka la 30 Tšitoe 1922, Russian Federation, Transcaucasian Federation, Ukraine le Belarus li thehile Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (hamorao ea atolosoa ho ba lirephabliki tse 15 tseo e leng litho). Ka la 12 Phuptjane 1990, Soviet e Phahameng ka ho Fetisisa ea Rephabliki ea Bososhiale ea Russia e ile ea ntša "Phatlalatso ea Naha ea Naha", ea phatlalatsa hore Russian Federation e na le "borena bo felletseng" sebakeng sa eona. Ka Phato 1991, ketsahalo ea "8.19" e etsahetse Soviet Union. Ka la 6 Loetse, Lekhotla la Naha la Soviet le ile la etsa qeto ea ho amohela boipuso ba lirephabliki tse tharo tsa Estonia, Latvia le Lithuania. Ka la 8 Tšitoe, baetapele ba lirephabliki tse tharo tsa Russian Federation, Belarus le Ukraine ba saenetse Tumellano ea Selekane sa Linaha Tse Ikemetseng ka Letsatsi la Belovy, ba phatlalatsa ho theoa ha Selekane sa Linaha Tse Ikemetseng. Ka la 21 Tšitoe, lirephabliki tse 11 tsa Soviet Union, ntle le linaha tse tharo tsa Poland le Georgia, li saenetse Phatlalatso ea Almaty le Selekane sa Linaha Tse Ikemetseng tsa Commonwealth. Ka la 26 Tšitoe, Ntlo ea Rephabliki e Phahameng ea Soviet Union ea Soviet Union e ile ea tšoara seboka sa eona sa ho qetela mme ea phatlalatsa hore Soviet Union ha e sa le eo. Nakong ena, Soviet Union e ile ea arohana 'me Russian Federation ea fetoha naha e ikemetseng ka ho felletseng mme ea ba mohlahlami a le mong oa Soviet Union.


Folaga ea naha: khutlonne e otlolohileng e nang le karolelano ea bolelele le bophara ba hoo e ka bang 3: 2. Karolo e kaholimo ea folakha e entsoe ka likhutlo li tharo tse lekanang le tse lekanang tse hokahantsoeng ke bosoeu, boputsoa le bofubelu ho tloha holimo ho ea tlase. Russia e na le sebaka se pharalletseng, 'me sebaka sa eona se na le libaka tse tharo tsa maemo a leholimo a leholimo le batang, libaka tse subfrigid le libaka tse futhumetseng, tse hokahantsoeng ka tatellano ke mebala e meraro e metopo e metelele, e bonts'ang semelo sena sa sebaka sa Russia. White e emela sebopeho sa lehloa sa tikoloho e batang ho pholletsa le selemo; putsoa e emela sebaka se batang sa maemo a leholimo, empa hape e tšoantšetsa matlotlo a mangata a ka tlasa lefatše a liminerale, meru, matla a metsi le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tlhaho; bofubelu ke letšoao la sebaka se futhumetseng hape bo tšoantšetsa nalane e telele ea Russia Monehelo oa tsoelo-pele ea batho. Lifolakha tse tšoeu, tse putsoa le tse khubelu li tsoa lifolakha tse khubelu, tse tšoeu le tse putsoa tse neng li sebelisoa nakong ea puso ea Peter e Moholo ka 1697. Mebala e khubelu, e tšoeu le e putsoa e bitsoa mebala ea Pan-Slavic. Kamora tlhōlo ea Phetohelo ea Mphalane ka 1917, folakha ea tricolor e ile ea hlakoloa. Ka 1920, mmuso oa Soviet o ile oa amohela folakha e ncha ea naha e nang le bofubelu le boputsoa, ​​ka mola o otlolohileng o moputsoa ka letsohong le letšehali le naleli e nang le lintlha tse hlano mme o tšela lihamore le lisekele folakha e khubelu ka letsohong le letona. Kamora folakha ena ke folakha ea Rephabliki ea Soviet Soviet Federal Socialist. Kamora ho theoa ha Union of Soviet Socialist Republics ka 1922, folakha ea naha e ile ea fetoloa hore e be folakha e khubelu e nang le naleli ea khauta e nchocho tse hlano, sekele le hamore k'honeng e kaholimo ho le letšehali. Kamora ho putlama ha Soviet Union ka 1991, Rephabliki ea Soviet Union ea Bososhiale e ile ea reoa Russia Federation, 'me folakha e tšoeu, e putsoa le e khubelu ea tricolor hamorao ea amoheloa e le folakha ea naha.


Russia e na le baahi ba limilione tse 142.7, ba maemong a bo7 lefatšeng, ba nang le merabe e fetang 180, eo 79.8% ea bona e leng Marussia. Mefuta e meholo ea merabe ke Matatar, Maukraine, Bashkir, Chuvash, Chechnya, Armenia, Moldova, Belarus, Kazakh, Udmurtia, Azerbaijani, Mali le Sejeremane. Serussia ke puo ea semmuso ho pholletsa le sebaka sa Mmuso oa Russia, 'me rephabliki e ngoe le e ngoe e na le tokelo ea ho hlalosa puo ea eona ea naha le ho e sebelisa hammoho le Serussia naheng ea repaboliki. Bolumeli bo ka sehloohong ke Orthodox ea Bochabela, e lateloa ke Boislamo. Ho latela liphetho tsa lipatlisiso tsa Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Maikutlo a Batho Bohle sa Russia lilemong tsa morao tjena, 50% -53% ea batho ba Russia ba lumela ho Kereke ea Orthodox, 10% ba lumela ho Islam, 1% ba lumela Bok'hatholikeng le Sejuda, 'me 0.8% ba lumela Bobuddha.


Russia e kholo ebile e na le lisebelisoa tse ngata, 'me sebaka sa eona se seholo se fa Russia lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa tlhaho. Sebaka sa eona se koahelang meru ke lihekthere tse limilione tse 867, se ikarabellang bakeng sa 51% ea sebaka sa naha, mme thepa ea sona ea mapolanka ke li-cubic metres tse libilione tse 80.7; mehloli ea eona ea khase ea tlhaho e netefalitsoeng ke li-cubic metres tse 48 trillion, e ikarabellang ho feta karolo ea boraro ea lipolokelo tse netefalitsoeng lefatšeng. E behiloe pele lefatšeng; pokello ea oli e netefalitsoeng ea lithane tse limilione tse likete tse 6.5, e ikarabellang bakeng sa 12% ho isa ho 13% ea mehloli e netefalitsoeng ea lefats'e; mehloli ea mashala ea lithane tse limilione tse likete tsa 200, e maemong a bobeli lefatšeng; tšepe, aluminium, uranium, khauta, jj. Mehloli e boetse ke e meng ea tse ntlehali lefatšeng. Lisebelisoa tse ngata li fana ka tšehetso e tiileng bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea liindasteri le temo ea Russia. Russia e na le motheo o matla oa indasteri le mafapha a felletseng, haholo-holo mechini, tšepe, tšepe, oli, khase ea tlhaho, mashala, indasteri ea meru le indasteri ea lik'hemik'hale. Russia e ela hloko temo le tlhokomelo ea liphoofolo ka ho lekana Lijalo tsa mantlha ke koro, harese, habore, poone, raese le linaoa.Lihlomo tsa liphoofolo boholo ke temo ea likhomo, linku le likolobe. Soviet Union e kile ea e-ba o mong oa mebuso e 'meli e matla ea lefatše, e nang le moruo o tsoetseng pele.Leha ho le joalo, kamora ho putlama ha Soviet Union, matla a moruo oa Russia a bile le ho putlama ho hoholo,' me a hlaphoheloa lilemong tsa morao tjena. Ka 2006, GDP ea Russia e ne e le lidolara tse limilione tse likete tse 732.892 tsa Amerika, e maemong a bo13 lefatšeng, ka boleng ba motho ka mong e le lidolara tsa Amerika tse 5,129.


Motse-moholo oa Russia oa Moscow o na le nalane e telele. Ho na le meaho e tummeng joalo ka Kremlin, Red Square le Winter Palace ka hara toropo. Metro ea Moscow ke e 'ngoe ea literene tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a lefatše tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Kamehla e' nile ea tsejoa e le 'mila o tsamaeang ka tlas'a lefatše o motle ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng' me o thabela botumo ba "ntlo ea borena ea ka tlasa lefatše". Mekhoa ea kaho ea liteishene tse tsamaeang ka tlas'a lefatše e fapane, e ntle ebile e ntle. Seteishene se seng le se seng se entsoe ke setsebi sa meralo sa lapeng se tsebahalang.Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea 'mabole, le' mabole, mosaic, lejoe la morema-phofu, letsopa le likhalase tse mebala-bala li sebelisoa haholo ho khabisa mekhabiso e meholohali le litsoantso tse fapaneng ka mekhoa e fapaneng ea bonono. Litšoantšo tse betliloeng, hammoho le mefuta eohle ea mabone a ikhethang, li tšoana le ntlo ea borena e ntlehali, e etsang hore batho ba utloe eka ha ba mobung ho hang.Meng ea mesebetsi ea eona ea hlolla ebile e etsa hore batho ba lebale ho khutla.



Metse e meholo

Moscow: motse-moholo oa Russia, e leng o mong oa litoropo tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, le Setsi sa Russia sa lipolotiki, moruo, saense, setso le lipalangwang. Moscow e bohareng ba Phula ea Russia, Nokeng ea Moskva, ka mose ho Noka ea Moskva le melapo ea eona ea Noka ea Yauza. Greater Moscow (ho kenyeletsoa le sebaka se ka har'a tsela ea lesale) e akaretsa sebaka sa lisekoere-k'hilomithara tse 900, ho kenyeletsoa lebanta le letala le kantle, le akaretsang li-kilometara tse 1,725.


Moscow ke toropo e nang le nalane e telele le moetlo o khanyang. E hahiloe bohareng ba lekholo la bo12 la lilemo. Lebitso la toropo ea Moscow le tsoa Nokeng ea Moskva Ho na le lipolelo tse tharo mabapi le etymology ea Noka ea Moskva: Low Wetland (Slavic), Niudukou (Finnish-Ugric), le Jungle (Kabarda). Toropo ea Moscow e ile ea bonoa ka lekhetlo la pele nalaneng e le bolulo ka 1147 AD. E ile ea fetoha motse-moholo oa Boholo-holo ba Moscow mathoasong a lekholo la bo13 la lilemo. Lekholong la bo14 la lilemo, Marussia a ile a lebisa tlhokomelo ho Moscow mme a bokella mabotho a bona a ba potileng ho loants'a puso ea borena ba Mongolia, ka hona ba kopanya Russia le ho theha mmuso o bohareng.


Moscow ke setsi sa naha sa mahlale, mahlale le setso, se nang le lits'ebeletso tse ngata tsa thuto, ho kenyeletsoa le likolo tsa thuto e akaretsang tse 1433 le likolo tse 84 tsa thuto e phahameng. Univesithi e tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa ke Lomonosov Moscow State University (ho feta baithuti ba 26,000). Laeborari ea Lenin ke laeborari ea bobeli e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, e nang le pokello ea libuka tse limilione tse 35.7 (1995). Toropong ho na le liholo tsa boithabiso tse 121. National Theatre, Moscow Art Theatre, National Central Puppet Theatre, Moscow State Circus, le Russian State Symphony Orchestra li thabela botumo ba lefatše.


Moscow hape ke setsi se seholo sa khoebo sa Commonwealth ea Linaha Tse Ikemetseng. Liofisi tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa khoebo le tsa lichelete tsa Russia kaofela li teng mona. E na le ntlo-kholo ea libanka tsa naha, litsi tsa inshorense le mabenkele a maholo a 66. Har'a mabenkele a lefapha, "World's Children", Central Store Store le National Store Store ke tsona tse kholo ka ho fetisisa.


Moscow ke toropo ea nalane, e shebaneng le Kremlin le Red Square e hlophisitsoeng hantle, e phatsimang tikolohong. Kremlin ke ntlo ea borena ea li-tsars tsa Russia tse hlahlamanang. E hlompheha ebile e tumme lefatšeng ka bophara. .


St. Petersburg: St. Petersburg ke toropo ea bobeli e kholo ka ho fetisisa Russia, kamora Moscow, hape ke se seng sa litsi tsa kholo ka ho fetesisa tsa indasteri, theknoloji, setso le metsi le lefatše. Qhobosheane ea Petersburg e hahiloeng ka 1703 e ne e le mohlala oa toropo, mme ramotse oa pele e ne e le 'Musisi oa Menshkov. Ntlo ea borena e ile ea tloha Moscow ea ea St. Petersburg ka 1711, 'me ka 1712 St. Petersburg ea tiisoa ka molao hore ke motse-moholo oa Russia. Ka Hlakubele 1918 Lenin o ile a fallisa mmuso oa Soviet ho tloha Petrograd ho ea Moscow.


Toropo ea St. Petersburg ke setsi sa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa Russia sa lipalangoang tsa metsi le mobu, boema-kepe bo boholo ka ho fetisisa Russia, le monyako oa bohlokoa oa likhokelo tsa kantle. E ka hokahanngoa ka kotloloho le Leoatle la Atlantic ho tloha Koung ea Finland ka Leoatle la Baltic. Likepe tse linaha linaheng tse 70 le tsona li ka fihla libakeng tse kholo tse ka hare ho naha ka tsela ea metsi; St. Petersburg ke boema-fofane ba bohlokoa ba machabeng, bo nang le litoropo tse fetang 200 tsa lehae le linaha tse fetang 20 tse sebeletsang.


Toropo ea St. Petersburg ke setsi se tsebahalang sa mahlale, setso le bonono, ebile ke setsi sa bohlokoa sa ho koetlisa basebetsi ba mahlale le ba taolo ea tlhahiso. Ho na le likolo le liunivesithi tse 42 toropong (ho kenyeletsoa Univesithi ea St.