Singapore, the full name of the Republic of Singapore, is located in Southeast Asia and is a tropical city island country at the southernmost tip of the Malay Peninsula. Covering an area of ​​682.7 square kilometers (Singapore Yearbook 2002), it is adjacent to Malaysia by the Strait of Johor in the north, with a long embankment connecting Johor Bahru in Malaysia, and facing Indonesia in the south by the Singapore Strait. Located at the entrance and exit of the Strait of Malacca, an important shipping route between the Pacific and Indian Oceans, it consists of Singapore Island and 63 nearby islands, of which Singapore Island accounts for 91.6% of the country's area. It has a tropical oceanic climate with high temperature and rain all year round, with an average annual temperature of 24-27°C.

It was called Temasek in ancient times. Founded in the 8th century, it belongs to the Srivijaya Dynasty in Indonesia. It was part of the Malayan Kingdom of Johor from the 18th century to the early 19th century. In 1819, the British Stanford Raffles arrived in Singapore and contracted with the Sultan of Johor to set up a trading post. It became a British colony in 1824 and became a British re-export trading port in the Far East and a major military base in Southeast Asia. Occupied by the Japanese army in 1942, and after Japan's surrender in 1945, Britain resumed its colonial rule and designated it as a direct colony the following year. In 1946, Britain classified it as a direct colony. In June 1959, Singapore implemented internal autonomy and became an autonomous state. Britain retained the powers of defense, foreign affairs, amending the constitution, and issuing "emergency decree". Merged into Malaysia on September 16, 1963. On August 9, 1965, he separated from Malaysia and established the Republic of Singapore. It became a member of the United Nations in September of the same year and joined the Commonwealth in October.

Singapore citizens and permanent residents are 3.608 million, and the permanent population is 4.48 million (2006). Chinese accounted for 75.2%, Malays 13.6%, Indians 8.8%, and other races 2.4%. Malay is the national language, English, Chinese, Malay, and Tamil are the official languages, and English is the administrative language. The main religions are Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Christianity and Hinduism.

Singapore’s traditional economy is dominated by commerce, including entrepot trade, processing export, and shipping. After independence, the government adhered to the free economic policy, vigorously attracted foreign investment, and developed a diversified economy. Beginning in the early 1980s, we accelerated the development of capital-intensive, high-value-added emerging industries, invested heavily in infrastructure construction, and strived to attract foreign investment with the best business environment. With manufacturing and service industries as the dual engines of economic growth, the industrial structure has been continuously improved. In the 1990s, the information industry was particularly emphasized. In order to further promote economic growth, vigorously promote the "regional economic development strategy", accelerate overseas investment, and actively carry out economic activities abroad.

The economy is dominated by five major sectors: commerce, manufacturing, construction, finance, transportation and communications. Industry mainly includes manufacturing and construction. Manufacturing products mainly include electronic products, chemical and chemical products, mechanical equipment, transportation equipment, petroleum products, oil refining and other sectors. It is the third largest oil refining center in the world. Agriculture accounts for less than 1% of the national economy, mainly poultry breeding and aquaculture. All food is imported, and only 5% of vegetables are self-produced, most of which are imported from Malaysia, China, Indonesia and Australia. The service industry is the leading industry for economic growth. Including retail and wholesale trade, hotel tourism, transportation and telecommunications, financial services, business services, etc. Tourism is one of the main sources of foreign exchange income. The main attractions include Sentosa Island, the Botanical Garden, and the Night Zoo.

Singapore City: Singapore City (Singapore City) is the capital of the Republic of Singapore, located at the southern end of Singapore Island, 136.8 kilometers south of the equator, covering an area of ​​about 98 square kilometers, accounting for about 1/6 of the island's area. The terrain here is gentle, the highest point is 166 meters above sea level. Singapore is the political, economic and cultural center of the country. It is also known as the "Garden City". It is one of the largest ports in the world and an important international financial center.

The downtown area is located on the north and south banks of the Singapore Estuary, with a total length of 5 kilometers and a width of 1.5 kilometers from east to west. Since the 1960s, urban reconstruction has been carried out. The South Bank is a bustling business district surrounded by greenery and tall buildings. The Red Light Wharf is a never-night day, and the famous Chinese Street—Chinatown is also in this area. The north bank is an administrative area with flowers, trees and buildings. The environment is quiet and elegant. There are Parliament, Government Building, High Court, Victoria Memorial Hall, etc., with British architectural style. Malay Street is also in this area.

Singapore has wide roads, sidewalks are lined with leafy sidewalk trees and various flowers, lawns and small gardens with flower beds are interspersed, and the city is clean and tidy. On the bridge, climbing plants are planted on the walls, and colorful flower pots are placed on the balcony of the residence. Singapore has more than 2,000 higher plants and is known as the "world garden city" and the "hygiene model" in Southeast Asia.