Apelika Hema ʻIke kumu
| Manawa kūloko | Kou manawa |
|---|---|
|
|
|
| Kahi wā kūloko | ʻOkoʻa ʻāpana manawa |
| UTC/GMT +2 hola |
| latitu / longitude |
|---|
| 28°28'59"S / 24°40'37"E |
| iso hoʻopāʻālua |
| ZA / ZAF |
| kālā |
| Rand (ZAR) |
| ʻLelo |
| IsiZulu (official) 22.7% IsiXhosa (official) 16% Afrikaans (official) 13.5% English (official) 9.6% Sepedi (official) 9.1% Setswana (official) 8% Sesotho (official) 7.6% Xitsonga (official) 4.5% siSwati (official) 2.5% Tshivenda (official) 2.4% |
| uila |
 M kikokiko Mīkini ʻApelika Hema |
| hae aupuni |
|---|
 |
| kapikala |
| ʻO Pretoria |
| papa inoa panakō |
| Apelika Hema papa inoa panakō |
| heluna kanaka |
| 49,000,000 |
| ʻāpana |
| 1,219,912 KM2 |
| GDP (USD) |
| 353,900,000,000 |
| kelepona |
| 4,030,000 |
| Kelepono paʻa lima |
| 68,400,000 |
| Ka helu o nā pūnaewele Pūnaewele |
| 4,761,000 |
| Ka helu o nā mea hoʻohana Pūnaewele |
| 4,420,000 |
Apelika Hema hoʻolauna
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Aia ʻo ʻApelika Hema ma ka wēlau hema o ka ʻAinapuni ʻApelika. Aia ia i ka moana ʻĀnia a me ka Moana ʻAkelanika ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻekolu ma ka hikina, komohana a me ka hema. Aia ia i Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique a me Swaziland ma ka ʻākau. Ma kekahi o nā ala kai ʻoi loa. ʻO ka ʻāpana o ka ʻāina ma kahi o 1.22 miliona mau kilomika kilomika, ka hapa nui o ia mau wahi he pā ma luna o 600 mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Loaʻa ka waiwai i nā kumuwaiwai, ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻāina hana nui ʻelima i ka honua. ʻO nā mālama o ke gula, nā metala o ka hui platinum, manganese, vanadium, chromium, titanium a me nā aluminosilicate i pae mua i ka honua. <► ʻO ʻApelika Hema, ka inoa piha o ka Repubalika o ʻApelika Hema, aia ma ke kihi hema o ka ʻĀpana ʻApelika. Aia ia i ka Moana ʻInikia a me ka Moana ʻAkelanika ma ka hikina, komohana a me ka hema, a me nā palena ʻo Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique a me Swaziland ma ka ʻākau. Aia ma ke kikowaena hoʻouna ma waena o nā moana ʻelua, ʻo ke ala ʻo Cape of Good Hope ma ka ʻaoʻao komohana hema ʻo ia kekahi o nā ala moana ʻoi loa o ka honua, a ʻike ʻia ʻo "Western Maritime Lifeline". ʻO ka ʻāina ma kahi o 1.22 miliona mau kilomika kilomika. ʻO ka hapanui o nā wahi āpau he wahi papaa ma luna o 600 mau mika ma luna o ke kai. Koho ka mauna Drakensberg i ka hikina hema, me ka piko ʻo Caskin a hiki i ka 3,660 mau mika, ke kiʻekiʻena o ka ʻāina; he wao nahele ʻo ke komohana ʻākau, he ʻāpana o ke awāwa ʻo Kalahari; ʻo ka ʻākau, ke kikowaena a me ke komohana he mau papu; he kahakai haiki kahi. ʻO ka muliwai ʻo Orange a me ka muliwai ʻo Limpopo nā muliwai nui ʻelua. ʻO ka hapanui o nā ʻāpana o ʻApelika Hema i kahi aniau savanna, ʻo ka ʻaoʻao hikina he aniiona tropical tropical, a ʻo ka hema o ke kahakai he ʻano kai Mediterranean. Māhele ʻia ke aniau o ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa i ʻehā mau kau: ke kauwela, ke kauwela, ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo. ʻO Kēkēmapa-Pepeluali ke kauwela, me ka mahana kiʻekiʻe loa a hiki i 32-38 ℃; ʻO Iune-ʻAukake ka hoʻoilo, me ka mahana haʻahaʻa loa -10 a -12 ℃. Ua emi mālie ka ua makahiki mai ka 1000 mm ma ka hikina a 60 mm ma ke komohana, me ka awelika o 450 mm. ʻO ka mahana maʻamau o ke kapikala ʻo Pretoria he 17 ℃. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻāina i 9 mau panalāʻau: Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Northern Cape, KwaZulu / Natal, Free State, Northwest, North, Mpumalanga, Gauteng. I Iune 2002, kapa inoa ʻia ʻo ka Panalāʻau ʻĀkau ʻo Limpopo Province (LIMPOPO). ʻO nā kamaʻāina mua loa o ʻApelika Hema nā San, Khoi a me Bantu i neʻe aku i ka hema. Ma hope o ke kenekulia 17, ua kūʻeʻe hewa ʻo Netherlands a me Pelekane iā ʻApelika Hema. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 20, ua lilo ʻo ʻApelika Hema i aupuni ma Pelekane. Ma Mei 31, 1961, haʻalele ʻo ʻApelika Hema mai ka Commonwealth a hoʻokumu i ka Repubalika o ʻApelika Hema. I ʻApelila 1994, ua mālama ʻo ʻApelika Hema i kāna koho balota nui e pili ana i nā lāhui āpau. Ua koho ʻia ʻo Mandela i pelekikena ʻeleʻele mua ma ʻApelika Hema. waiwai ʻo ʻApelika Hema i nā kumuwaiwai a ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻelima nui e hana ana i nā minela i ka honua. ʻO nā mālama o ke gula, nā metala o ka hui platinum, manganese, vanadium, chromium, titanium a me nā aluminosilicate i pae mua i ka honua, vermikulite a me zirconium kūlana ʻelua ma ka honua, kūlana kolu ka fluorspar a me ka phosphate i ka honua, antimony, ʻO Uranium ke kūlana ʻehā o ka honua, a ʻo ka lanahu, nā diamana a me ke kūlana ʻelima i ka honua. ʻO ʻApelika Hema ka mea hana gula a nui loa o ka honua. ʻO ka mea kūʻai aku gula i hoʻokahi hapakolu o nā ʻāina ʻē ʻē aʻe i lawe ʻia, no laila ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "ka ʻāina gula". Pretoria : ʻO Pretoria ke kapikala aupuni o ʻApelika Hema. Aia ia ma ke awāwa ʻo Magalesberg ma ka pā hikina hikina. Ma nā kapa ʻelua o ka muliwai ʻo Appis, kahi kahawai o ka muliwai Limpopo. Ma luna o 1300 mau mika ma luna o ka pae kai. ʻO ka mahana maʻamau o ka makahiki 17 is. Kūkulu ʻia ia ma 1855 a kapa ʻia ma hope o ke alakaʻi o ka poʻe Boer, Pretoria. ʻO kāna keiki ʻo Marsilaos ke kumu o ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Pretoria. Aia nā kiʻi o ko lākou makuakāne a me kāna keiki ma ke kūlanakauhale. I ka makahiki 1860, ʻo ia ke kapikala o ka Repubalika Transvaal i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā Boers. I ka makahiki 1900, ua noho ʻia e Pelekane. Mai ka 1910, ua lilo ia i kapikala hoʻokele o ka Commonwealth o ʻApelika Hema (kapa hou ʻia ʻo ka Lepupalika ʻo ʻApelika Hema i 1961) i hoʻomalu ʻia e ka poʻe racist keʻokeʻo. ʻOluʻolu ka nani a ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ʻo "Garden City". Kanu ʻia ʻo Bignonia ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua o ke alanui, ʻo "Bignonia City" kekahi. Mai ʻOkakopa a Nowemapa i kēlā me kēia makahiki, haneli nā pua i pua mohala, a mālama ʻia nā ʻaha ma ke kūlanakauhale holoʻokoʻa no hoʻokahi pule. ʻO ke kiʻi o Paul Kruger e kū nei ma ka pā o ka halepule ma waenakonu o ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO ia ka pelekikena mua o ka Lepupalika ʻo Transvaal (ʻApelika Hema) a ua hoʻololi ʻia kona noho mua i mea hoʻomanaʻo lāhui. ʻO ka hale pili hale ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka square, ʻo ia ka Transvaal State Assembly, i kēia manawa ka noho o ke aupuni mokuʻāina. ʻO ke alanui Church Church kaulana he 18.64 kilomika ka lōʻihi a ʻo ia kekahi o nā alanui lōʻihi loa o ka honua, me nā hale hua kiʻi ma nā ʻaoʻao ʻelua. ʻO ka Federal Building ka noho o ke aupuni waena a aia ia ma kahi puʻu e nānā pono ana i ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Transvaal, aia ma ke alanui Paul Kruger, nā hale a me nā mea hulihonua a me nā mea i ʻike ʻia mai ka wā Stone, a me ka National Museum of History and Culture a me ka Open Air Museum. He nui nā paka i ke kūlanakauhale me ka nui o nā hect 1,700 a ʻoi. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka National Zoo a me Wenning Park ka mea kaulana loa. Kūkulu ʻia i ka makahiki 1949, ke kū nei ka Monument Pioneer me ke kumukūʻai he 340,000 paona ma luna o kahi puʻu ma nā kaona hema. Ua kūkulu ʻia e hoʻomanaʻo i ka "kaʻa kaʻa bipi" kaulana e neʻe nei i ka moʻolelo o ʻApelika Hema. I nā makahiki 1830, ua kaomi ʻia nā Boers e nā kolone Pelekane a neʻe aku i nā hui mai ka Panalāʻau ʻo Cape o ka hema o ʻApelika Hema i ka ʻākau. Ua hala ka neʻe ʻana i ʻekolu mau makahiki. ʻO ke Awāwa Punawai, Wangdboom Nature Reserve a me Wildlife Sanctuary ma nā wahi kai kahi wahi mākaʻikaʻi pū kekahi. Cape Town : ʻO Cape Town ke kapikala nui o ʻApelika Hema, kahi awa nui, a me ke kapikala o ka panalāʻau ʻo Cape of Good Hope. Aia ia ma kahi kahakai o ka ʻāina ma ka welau ʻākau o ka Cape of Good Hope, kokoke i ka Moana ʻAkelanika Tumble Bay. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1652, ʻo ia ke kahua hoʻolako mua o ka East India Company. ʻO ia ka wahi paʻa mua i hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kolone o ʻEulopa Komohana ma ka hema o ʻApelika. No laila, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka "makuahine o nā kūlanakauhale ʻo ʻApelika Hema". Ua hoʻonui ʻia kēia o nā kolone Dutch a me Pelekane i ka uka o ʻApelika. Kahua. ʻO ia ka noho o ka ʻahaʻōlelo i kēia manawa. ʻO ke kūlanakauhale mai ka mauna a i ke kai, a ʻo ka palena komohana e pili ana i ka Moana ʻAkelanika, a hoʻokomo ʻia nā palena hema i ke Kai ʻInikia a noho i ka hui o nā moana ʻelua. He hale kahiko ke kūlanakauhale mai ka wā o ka noho kolone. Aia ia ma kahi kokoke i ka square nui. ʻO ka Castle Cape Town, i kūkulu ʻia ma 1666, ʻo ia ka hale kahiko loa o ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO ka hapa nui o kāna mau mea kūkulu hale no Netherlands mai ia, a ua hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he noho kiaʻāina a he keʻena aupuni. ʻO ka hale pule nui i kūkulu ʻia i ke kenekulia hoʻokahi, aia ia ma Adeli Avenue, a mālama ʻia kona halekele bele. ʻEwalu mau kiaʻāina Dutch i Cape Town i kanu ʻia i kēia hale pule. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe o ka Pāka Aupuni Alanui Aupuni ka Hale Aliʻi o Parliament a me Art Gallery, i hoʻopau ʻia ma 1886 a hoʻohui ʻia ma 1910. Ma ke komohana ka hale waihona puke lehulehu i kūkulu ʻia i 1818 me kahi hōʻuluʻulu o nā puke 300,000. Aia kekahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ka National History Museum ma 1964 i ke kūlanakauhale. |