South Africa, dzina lonse la Republic of South Africa, lili kumapeto kwenikweni kwa kontrakitala wa Africa. Limadutsa Nyanja ya Indian ndi Nyanja ya Atlantic kum'mawa, kumadzulo ndi kumwera, komanso kumalire ndi Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique ndi Swaziland kumpoto. Wopezeka pakatikati pa nyanja ziwiri, njira ya Cape of Good Hope yomwe ili kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwenikweni yakhala imodzi mwamagawo ovuta kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo amadziwika kuti "Western Maritime Lifeline". Malowa ali pafupifupi ma 1.22 miliyoni ma kilomita. Dera lonseli ndi chigwa pamwamba pa 600 mita pamwamba pa nyanja. Mapiri a Drakensberg amatambasukira kumwera chakum'mawa, pomwe Caskin Peak ndi yayitali mamita 3,660, malo okwera kwambiri mdzikolo; kumpoto chakumadzulo ndi chipululu, gawo la Kalahari Basin; kumpoto, pakati ndi kumwera chakumadzulo ndi mapiri; gombe ndi chigwa chopapatiza. Mtsinje wa Orange ndi Limpopo ndi mitsinje ikuluikulu iwiri. Ambiri mwa South Africa ali ndi nyengo ya savannah, gombe lakum'mawa lili ndi nyengo yamvula yotentha, ndipo gombe lakumwera lili ndi nyengo ya Mediterranean. Nyengo ya gawo lonselo imagawika nyengo zinayi: masika, chilimwe, nthawi yophukira komanso nthawi yozizira. Disembala-Okutobala ndi chilimwe, ndikutentha kofika 32-38 ℃; Juni-Ogasiti ndi nthawi yozizira, ndipo kutentha kotsika kwambiri kumakhala -10 mpaka -12 ℃. Mpweya wamvula wapachaka watsika pang'onopang'ono kuchokera ku 1,000 mm kum'mawa mpaka 60 mm kumadzulo, ndi avareji ya 450 mm. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka kwa likulu la Pretoria ndi 17 ℃.

Dzikoli lagawidwa m'zigawo 9: Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Northern Cape, KwaZulu / Natal, Free State, Northwest, North, Mpumalanga, Gauteng. Mu Juni 2002, Northern Province idasinthidwanso Limpopo (LIMPOPO).

Anthu oyamba kubadwira ku South Africa anali San, Khoi ndi Bantu omwe pambuyo pake adasamukira kumwera. Pambuyo pa zaka za zana la 17, Netherlands ndi Britain motsatizana anaukira South Africa. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, South Africa idayamba kulamulira Britain. Pa Meyi 31, 1961, South Africa idachoka ku Commonwealth ndipo idakhazikitsa Republic of South Africa. Mu Epulo 1994, South Africa idachita zisankho zawo zoyambirira kuphatikiza mitundu yonse. Mandela adasankhidwa kukhala purezidenti woyamba wakuda ku South Africa.

Mbendera yadziko: Pa Marichi 15, 1994, South African Multi-party Transitional Administrative Committee idavomereza mbendera yatsopanoyo. Mbendera yatsopano yadziko ili ndi mawonekedwe amakona anayi okhala ndi kutalika mpaka m'lifupi mwake pafupifupi 3: 2. Amapangidwa ndi mitundu yazithunzi m'mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yakuda, yachikaso, yobiriwira, yofiira, yoyera ndi yamtambo, kuyimira kuyanjananso kwamitundu komanso mgwirizano wamayiko.

Chiwerengero chonse cha anthu ku South Africa ndi 47.4 miliyoni (kuyambira mu Ogasiti 2006, kulosera kwa South African National Bureau of Statistics). Amagawidwa m'mitundu ikuluikulu inayi: akuda, azungu, anthu akuda ndi aku Asia, omwe amakhala ndi 79.4%, 9.3%, 8.8% ndi 2.5% ya anthu onse motsatana. Anthu akuda amakhala amitundu isanu ndi inayi kuphatikiza Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, Tswana, North Soto, South Soto, Tsunga, Venda, ndi Ndebele, makamaka amagwiritsa ntchito chilankhulo cha Bantu. Azungu makamaka ndi achi Africaans ochokera ku Dutch (pafupifupi 57%) ndi azungu ochokera ku Britain (pafupifupi 39%), ndipo zilankhulo zake ndi Afrikaans ndi English. Anthu achikuda anali mbadwa zosakanikirana za azungu, mbadwa ndi akapolo nthawi yamakoloni, ndipo makamaka amalankhula Chiafrikaans. Anthu aku Asia makamaka Amwenye (pafupifupi 99%) ndi achi China. Pali zilankhulo za 11, English ndi Afrikaans (Afrikaans) ndizo zilankhulo zofala. Anthuwa amakhulupirira kwambiri Chiprotestanti, Chikatolika, Chisilamu ndi zipembedzo zoyambirira.

South Africa ili ndi chuma chambiri ndipo ndi amodzi mwamayiko asanu omwe amapanga mchere padziko lonse lapansi. Malo osungidwa agolide, platinamu gulu lazitsulo, manganese, vanadium, chromium, titaniyamu ndi aluminosilicate onse amakhala oyamba padziko lapansi, vermiculite ndi zirconium amakhala wachiwiri padziko lapansi, fluorspar ndi phosphate wachitatu padziko lapansi, antimony, Uranium imakhala yachinayi padziko lapansi, ndipo malasha, diamondi ndikutsogolera pachisanu padziko lapansi. South Africa ndi yona yotulutsa ndi kugulitsa golide kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Golide yotumiza kunja imatenga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu azinthu zonse zakunja, chifukwa chake imadziwikanso kuti "dziko la golide".

South Africa ndi dziko lotukuka pakati. Zogulitsa zake zonse zimawerengera pafupifupi 20% yazogulitsa zaku Africa. Ndi madola a 4536 aku US. Migodi, kupanga, ulimi ndi mafakitale othandizira ndi nsanamira zinayi zachuma ku South Africa, ndipo ukadaulo wakuya kwa migodi uli pamalo otsogola padziko lapansi. South Africa ili ndi mafakitale osiyanasiyana komanso ukadaulo wapamwamba, kuphatikiza zitsulo, zopangira zitsulo, mankhwala, zida zoyendera, kukonza chakudya, nsalu, ndi zovala. Kupanga kotulutsa mtengo kumawerengera pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu a GDP. Makampani opanga magetsi ku South Africa akutukuka pang'ono, ndi malo opangira magetsi ozizira kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, omwe amapanga magawo awiri mwa atatu amagetsi ku Africa.

Pretoria : Pretoria ndi likulu loyang'anira ku South Africa.Ili ku Magalesberg Valley kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa mapiri. Kumbali zonse ziwiri za Mtsinje wa Appis, womwe umadutsa mumtsinje wa Limpopo. Pamwamba pa 1300 mita pamwamba pa nyanja. Kutentha kwapakati pachaka ndi 17 ℃. Inamangidwa mu 1855 ndipo idatchulidwa pambuyo pa mtsogoleri wa anthu a Boer, Pretoria.Mwana wake wamwamuna Marsilaos ndiye woyambitsa mzinda wa Pretoria.Kuli ziboliboli za abambo awo ndi mwana wawo mzindawu. Mu 1860, unali likulu la Transvaal Republic lomwe linakhazikitsidwa ndi a Boers. Mu 1900, idalandidwa ndi Britain. Kuyambira 1910, yakhala likulu loyang'anira Commonwealth of South Africa (lotchedwanso Republic of South Africa mu 1961) lolamulidwa ndi atsankho oyera. Malowa ndi okongola ndipo amadziwika kuti "Garden City" .Bignonia amabzalidwa mbali zonse ziwiri za mseu, womwe umadziwikanso kuti "Bignonia City". Kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Novembala chaka chilichonse, maluwa mazana ali pachimake, ndipo zikondwerero zimachitika mumzinda wonsewo kwa sabata limodzi.

Chiboliboli cha Paul Kruger chayima pabwalo la tchalitchi mkati mwa mzindawu. Nyumba yamalamulo yomwe ili mbali ya bwaloli, poyambirira ndi Transvaal State Assembly, tsopano ndi mpando waboma lachigawo. Church Street yotchuka ndiyotalika makilomita 18.64 ndipo ndi umodzi mwamisewu yayitali kwambiri padziko lapansi, wokhala ndi nyumba zazitali mbali zonse ziwiri. Federal Building ndiye mpando waboma lapakati ndipo uli paphiri loyang'ana mzindawo. Transvaal Museum, yomwe ili mumsewu wa Paul Kruger, ili ndi zotsalira zakale ndi zofukula zakale kuyambira nthawi ya Stone Age, komanso National Museum of History and Culture komanso Open Air Museum.

Pali mapaki ambiri mumzindawu omwe ali ndi mahekitala opitilira 1,700. Pakati pawo, National Zoo ndi Wenning Park ndi otchuka kwambiri. Yomangidwa mu 1949, Chipilala cha Pioneer chokwera mapaundi 340,000 chimaimirira paphiri m'mbali mwa madera akumwera. M'zaka za m'ma 1830, a Boers adafinyidwa ndi atsamunda aku Britain ndikusuntha m'magulu kuchokera ku Cape Province kumwera kwa South Africa kupita kumpoto. Fountain Valley, Wangdboom Nature Reserve ndi Wildlife Sanctuary m'mabwalowa ndizomwe zimakopa alendo.

Cape Town : Cape Town ndiye likulu lalamulo ku South Africa, doko lofunikira, komanso likulu la chigawo cha Cape of Good Hope. Ili pamtunda wochepa kwambiri kumpoto kwa Cape of Good Hope, pafupi ndi Atlantic Ocean Tumble Bay. Yakhazikitsidwa mu 1652, poyambirira inali malo opezera kampani ya East India Company. Inali malo oyamba okhazikitsidwa ndi atsamunda aku Western Europe kumwera kwa Africa. Chifukwa chake, amadziwika kuti "mayi wa mizinda yaku South Africa" ​​.Kwa nthawi yayitali kufalikira kwa atsamunda achi Dutch ndi Britain kulowa mkati mwa Africa. Base. Ndiye mpando wa nyumba yamalamulo.

Mzindawu umayambira kumapiri mpaka kunyanja.Malire akumadzulo amakhala m'malire ndi Nyanja ya Atlantic, ndipo madera akumwera amalowetsedwa ku Indian Ocean. Mzindawu ndi nyumba yakale kuyambira nthawi yamakoloni.Ili pafupi ndi bwaloli.Chinyumba cha Cape Town, chomangidwa mu 1666, ndiye nyumba yakale kwambiri mzindawo. Zambiri mwa zomangira zake zidachokera ku Netherlands, komwe pambuyo pake idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nyumba yabwanamkubwa komanso ofesi yaboma. Tchalitchichi, chomwe chidamangidwa mzaka zomwezo, chili pa Adeli Avenue, ndipo belu lake limasungika bwino. Mabwanamkubwa asanu ndi atatu achi Dutch ku Cape Town adayikidwa m'matchalitchi muno. Mosiyana ndi Government Street Public Park ndi Nyumba Yamalamulo ndi Art Gallery, yomwe idamalizidwa mu 1886 ndikuwonjezeredwa mu 1910. Kumadzulo kuli laibulale ya anthu onse yomangidwa mu 1818 yokhala ndi mabuku 300,000. Palinso National History Museum yomwe idakhazikitsidwa mu 1964 mumzinda.

Bloemfontein , likulu la Orange Natural State ku South Africa, ndi likulu lachiweruzo ku South Africa.Lili m'chigawo chapakati ndipo ndilo likulu la dzikolo. Pozunguliridwa ndi mapiri ang'onoang'ono, chilimwe chimakhala chotentha, nyengo yozizira imakhala yozizira komanso yozizira. Poyamba idali linga ndipo idamangidwa mwalamulo mu 1846. Tsopano ndi malo ofunikira. Mawu oti Bloemfontein poyamba amatanthauza "muzu wa maluwa". Zitunda za mzindawu zikugwedezeka ndipo malowa ndi okongola.

Bloemfontein ndi mpando woweruza wapamwamba kwambiri ku South Africa. Pali zakale zakale za dinosaur ku National Museum. Nyumba yachifumu yomangidwa mu 1848 ndiye nyumba yakale kwambiri mumzinda. Msonkhano wakale wachigawo womwe unamangidwa mu 1849 unali ndi chipinda chimodzi chokha ndipo tsopano ndi chipilala chadziko. Chikumbutso cha National chimangidwa kuti chikumbukire azimayi ndi ana omwe adamwalira pankhondo yachiwiri yaku South Africa. Pansi pa chipilalachi pali malo oikidwa m'manda a anthu odziwika mu mbiri yaku South Africa. Pali University of Orange Free State mumzinda, womwe udakhazikitsidwa ku 1855.