South Africa, aha zuru oke nke Republic of South Africa, dị na nsọtụ ndịda ndịda Africa, ọ dị n'akụkụ oke osimiri Indian Ocean na Atlantic Ocean n'akụkụ atọ: Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique na Swaziland n'ebe ugwu. N'ime ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri n'etiti oke osimiri abụọ a, ụzọ Cape nke Good Hope na mpaghara ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ abụwo otu n'ime ụzọ ụgbọ mmiri na-ekwo ekwo na ụwa, a makwaara ya dị ka "Western Maritime Lifeline". Mpaghara ala ya dị ihe dịka square kilomita 1.22. Ihe ka ọtụtụ n’ókèala ahụ dum bụ ugwu dị elu karịa mita 600 n’elu elu osimiri. Ugwu Drakensberg gbadara na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ, Caskin Peak dị elu ruo mita 3,660, ebe kachasị elu na mba ahụ; ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ bụ ọzara, akụkụ nke Kalahari Basin; ebe ugwu, etiti na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ bụ ala dị larịị; ụsọ oké osimiri ahụ dị warara. Osimiri Orange na Limpopo bụ osimiri abụọ bụ isi. Imirikiti akụkụ nke South Africa nwere ihu igwe ahịhịa na-ekpo ọkụ, nke nwere udu mmiri udu mmiri na ụsọ mmiri ọwụwa anyanwụ na ihu igwe Mediterenian na ndịda ụsọ mmiri. E kewaa ihu igwe nke ókèala niile na oge anọ: oge ​​opupu ihe ubi, ọkọchị, udu mmiri na udu mmiri. Disemba-Febụwarị bụ oge ọkọchị, nke kachasị dị elu na-eru 32-38 ℃; June-August bụ oge oyi, nke nwere ọnọdụ kachasị dị ala -10 ka -12 ℃. Mmiri ozuzo nke afọ ọ bụla ji nwayọọ nwayọọ belata site na 1,000 mm n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ ruo 60 mm n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ, na nkezi nke 450 mm. Kwa afọ, ọnọdụ okpomọkụ nke isi obodo Pretoria bụ 17 ℃. E kewara obodo a na mpaghara 9: Eastern Cape, Western Cape, Northern Cape, KwaZulu / Natal, Free State, Northwest, North, Mpumalanga, Gauteng. N’ọnwa Juun afọ 2002, akpọrọ Northern Province aha Limpopo Province (LIMPOPO).

indmụ amaala mbu biri na South Africa bụ San, Khoi na Bantu bụ ndị mechara gafee na ndịda. Mgbe narị afọ nke 17 gasịrị, Netherlands na Britain wakporo South Africa n’usoro. Ke ntọn̄ọ ntọn̄ọ ọyọhọ isua ikie-20, ini kiet ko ke South Africa ama akakara Britain. Na Mee 31, 1961, South Africa wepụrụ na Commonwealth ma guzobe Republic of South Africa. N’April 1994, South Africa mere nhoputa ndi ochichi nke mbu nke ndi agburu nile di iche-iche.M hoputara Mandela dika onye isi ojii mbu nke South Africa.

Ọkọlọtọ obodo: Na Machị 15, 1994, Kọmitii Na-ahụ Maka Mgbanwe Ọchịchị Ndị South-Multi-Party nke South Africa kwadoro ọkọlọtọ mba ọhụrụ. Ọkọlọtọ mba ọhụrụ nwere akụkụ akụkụ anọ nwere ogologo na obosara nke ihe dịka 3: 2. Ọ nwere usoro geometric na agba isii nke oji, odo, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ọbara ọbara, ọcha na acha anụnụ anụnụ, na-egosipụta idozi agbụrụ na ịdị n'otu mba.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na South Africa bụ 47.4 nde (dịka nke August 2006, amụma nke Bureaulọ Ọrụ Na-ahụ Maka Ọnụ Ọgụgụ nke South Africa). Enwere agbụrụ anọ dị isi: ndị isi ojii, ndị ọcha, ndị nwere agba, na ndị Eshia, na-eme 79.4%, 9.3%, 8.8% na 2.5% nke ọnụ ọgụgụ mmadụ niile. Ndi oji bu agburu itolu tinyere Zulu, Xhosa, Swazi, Tswana, North Soto, South Soto, Tsunga, Venda na Ndebele ha bu asusu Bantu. Ndi ocha bu ndi Afrikaans nke ndi Dutch (ihe dika 57%) na ndi ocha nke ndi Britain (ihe dika 39%), asusu ndi ahu bu ndi Afrikaans na Bekee. Ndị nwere agba bụ ụmụ agbụrụ ndị ọcha, ụmụ amaala na ndị ohu n'oge oge ọchịchị, ọkachasị ndị Afrikaans. Ndị Asia bụ ndị India (ihe dịka 99%) na ndị China. Enwere asụsụ gọọmentị iri na otu, Bekee na Afrikaans (Afrikaans) bụ asụsụ ndị mmadụ na-asụkarị. Ndị bi na ya kwenyere na Protestantism, Katọlik, Islam na okpukpe oge ochie.

South Africa bara ọgaranya na akụ ịnweta yana ọ bụ otu n'ime mba ise na-emepụta ịnweta kachasị n'ụwa. Ebe edo, platinum group ọla, manganese, vanadium, chromium, titanium na aluminosilicate niile n'ọkwa mbụ na ụwa, vermiculite na zirconium nọ n'ọkwa nke abụọ n'ụwa, fluorspar na phosphate nọ n'ọnọdụ nke atọ n'ụwa, antimony, Uranium nọ n'ọnọdụ nke anọ n'ụwa, na coal, diamonds na ndu nke ise na ụwa. South Africa bu mba kachasi wee meputa gold na ahia ahia ya na mba di iche-iche.Ebe a na-ebula ọla edo bụ otu ụzọ n’ụzọ atọ nke mbupụ mba ofesi, ya mere akpọrọ ya “obodo ọla edo”

South Africa bu obodo etolite etolite etinyere onu ahia ya, akwa ahia ya riri ihe ruru 20% nke mkpuru ahihia nke Africa. N’afọ 2006, mkpuru ahia ahia ahia ruru ijeri US $ 200.458, nke ruru 31st n ’ụwa, na isi Ọ bụ 4536 US dollars. Mining, n'ichepụta ihe, ọrụ ubi na ọrụ ọrụ bụ ogidi anọ nke akụnụba South Africa, na teknụzụ miri emi na-eduga na ụwa. South Africa nwere ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na teknụzụ dị elu, gụnyere igwe, ngwaahịa igwe, kemịkalụ, akụrụngwa njem, nhazi nri, akwa na akwa. Nrụpụta nrụpụta rụpụta ihe ruru otu ụzọ n’ụzọ ise nke GDP. Ulo oru ulo oru ike nke South Africa bu ihe etolite etolite, ya na ọdụ oku ike ụwa kachasị ukwuu, nke na-enye ụzọ abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke ike ọkụ Africa.

Pretoria : Pretoria bụ isi obodo nchịkwa dị na South Africa Ọ dị na Ndagwurugwu Magalesberg na mpaghara ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ ugwu ugwu. N’akụkụ abụọ nke Osimiri Appis, otu ugwu nke Osimiri Limpopo. N'elu mita 1300 n'elu ọkwa mmiri. Kwa afọ nkezi okpomọkụ bụ 17 ℃. E wuru ya na 1855 ma ghaa ya onye isi nke ndi Boer, Pretoria Nwa ya nwoke Marsilaos bu onye guzobere obodo Pretoria.E nwere akpụrụ akpụ nke nna ha na nwa nwoke ha n’obodo ahụ. Na 1860, ọ bụ isi obodo Transvaal Republic nke ndị Boers guzobere. N’afọ 1900, Briten weghaara ya. Kemgbe afọ 1910, ọ ghọrọla isi obodo ọchịchị mba ndị ọzọ dị na South Africa (aha ya bụ Republic of South Africa na 1961) nke ndị ọcha ọcha na-achị. Ebe a mara mma ma mara ya "Ogige Ubi." A na-akụ Bignonia n'akụkụ abụọ nke okporo ámá ahụ, a makwaara dị ka "Bernonia City". Site n’Ọktoba ruo Nọvemba kwa afọ, ọtụtụ narị okooko osisi agbaala n’afọ, a na-emekwa ememme n’obodo ahụ otu izu.

Ihe akpụrụ akpụ nke Paul Kruger guzo na mbara ụlọ ụka dị na etiti obodo.Ọ bụ onye isi ala mbụ nke Republic of Transvaal (South Africa) na ebe mbu ya ka agbanweela ka ọ bụrụ ncheta mba. Parliamentlọ nzuko omeiwu nke dị n'akụkụ square ahụ, bụbu Transvaal State Assembly, bụzi oche nke gọọmentị mpaghara ahụ. Street Street Church ama ama bụ kilomita 18.64 ma bụrụkwa otu n’ime okporo ụzọ ndị kachasị n’ogologo n ’ụwa, nwere skyscpers n’ogwe abụọ. Federal Building bụ oche nke etiti gọọmentị ma dị n’elu ugwu nke na-ele obodo ahụ anya. Museumlọ ihe nkiri Transvaal, nke dị na Paul Kruger Street, nwere ụlọ dị iche iche na ihe ochie na ihe ochie site na Nkume Age, yana National Museum of History and Culture and the Open Air Museum.

Enwere ọtụtụ ogige dị n’obodo ahụ nwere mkpokọta ihe karịrị hekta 1,700. N’etiti ha, Ogige Anụmanụ na Wenning Park bụ ndị ama ama. Ewubere na 1949, ihe ncheta ndị ọsụ ụzọ nke ọnụ ahịa ya bụ 340,000 pound na-eguzo n'otu ugwu dị na mpaghara ndịda ndịda.Ewuru ya iji mee ncheta nke "njem ụgbọ ala ehi" a ma ama na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke South Africa. N'afọ ndị 1830, ndị Britain na-achị Boch wepụrụ ndị Boers n'otu wee si na Cape Province nke dị na ndịda South Africa banye n'otu ugwu. Mbugharị ahụ were afọ atọ. Ndagwurugwu Fountain, Wangdboom Nature Reserve na Wildlife Sanctuary na ala ịta ahịhịa bụkwa ebe ndị njem nleta.

Cape Town : Cape Town bụ isi obodo mmebe iwu nke South Africa, ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri dị mkpa, na isi obodo Cape nke Good Hope Province. Ọ dị na warara warara nke ala na nsọtụ ugwu nke Cape of Good Hope, na nso Atlantic Ocean Tumble Bay. Tọrọ ntọala na 1652, ọ bụ ebe mbubata ahịa nke Companylọ Ọrụ Ọwụwa Anyanwụ India.Ọ bụ ebe ewusiri ike izizi nke ndị na-achị Europe Western Western guzobere na ndịda Africa.Ya mere, a na-akpọ ya "nne nke obodo ndịda South Africa". Ọ dịla anya mgbasawanye nke ndị Dutch na ndị Britain na-achị achị banye n'ime ime Africa. Isi. Ọ bụzi isi oche nke ndị ome iwu.

Obodo ahụ gbatịrị site n’ugwu ruo n’osimiri, ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ọdịda anyanwụ ahụ gwụrụ n’Oké Osimiri Atlantik, ma tinye akụkụ ndịda-ndịda n’ime Oke Osimiri Indian ma biri na nzukọ nke oke osimiri abụọ ahụ. Obodo a bu ulo mgbe ochie site na mgbe ndi Kaluu no na ebe isi obodo no na Cape Town Castle nke emere na 1666 bu ulo kacha ochie n’obodo a. Imirikiti ihe eji arụ ya sitere na Netherlands, wee mechaa bụrụ ụlọ obibi gọvanọ na ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị. Katidral ahụ, nke e wuru n'otu narị afọ ahụ, dị na Adeli Okporo ụzọ, a ka echekwara ụlọ mgbịrịgba ya nke ọma. E liri ndị gọvanọ Dutch asatọ na Cape Town na chọọchị a. Na-emegide Gọọmentị Street Public Park bụ nzuko omeiwu na Art Gallery, nke emechara na 1886 wee gbakwunye na 1910. N'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ bụ ọbá akwụkwọ ọha na eze wuru na 1818 site na nchịkọta akwụkwọ 300,000. E nwekwara National Museum Museum nke guzobere na 1964 n'obodo ahụ.

Bloemfontein : Bloemfontein, isi obodo nke Orange Natural State nke South Africa, bụ isi obodo ikpe na South Africa Ọ dị na etiti ala ala ma bụrụ etiti obodo ahụ. Gburugburu obere ugwu, oge ọkọchị na-ekpo ọkụ, oge oyi bụ oyi na ntu oyi. Ọ bụ ebe ewusiri ike na mmalite iwu ya na 1846. Ugbu a ọ bụ ebe dị mkpa ụgbọ njem. Okwu Bloemfontein pụtara na mbụ "mgbọrọgwụ okooko osisi". Ugwu ndị dị n'obodo ahụ na-agbagharị agbacha ma mara mma mara mma.

Bloemfontein bụ oche nke ikike ikpe kachasị elu na South Africa buildingslọ ndị a gụnyere: City Hall, Court of Appeal, National Memorial, Stadium na Katidral. E nwere fosil dinosaur ama ama na National Museum. Nnukwu ụlọ e wuru na 1848 bụ ụlọ kacha ochie n’obodo ahụ. Nzukọ ọgbakọ ochie nke e mere na 1849 nwere naanị otu ọnụ ụlọ ma bụrụzi ihe ncheta mba. Emere Ncheta Mba iji cheta ụmụ nwanyị na ụmụaka ndị nwụrụ na Agha South Africa nke Abụọ N'okpuru ihe ncheta ahụ bụ ebe a na-eli ndị a ma ama na akụkọ ntolite South Africa. E nwere Orange Free State University n'obodo ahụ, nke e guzobere na 1855.