Tanzania, the full name of the United Republic of Tanzania, is composed of Tanganyika (mainland) and Zanzibar (island), with a total area of ​​more than 945,000 square kilometers (of which Zanzibar is 2657 square meters). Kilometers). Located in eastern Africa, south of the equator, bordering Kenya and Uganda to the north, Zambia, Malawi, and Mozambique to the south, Rwanda, Burundi and Congo (Kinshasa) to the west, and the Indian Ocean to the east. It is high in the northwest and low in the southeast. The eastern coast is lowland, the western inland plateau area accounts for more than half of the total inland area, and the Great Rift Valley is divided into two branches from Lake Malawi and runs north and south. The Kibo Peak of Mount Kilimanjaro in the northeast is 5895 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in Africa. The main rivers are Rufiji (1400 kilometers long), Pangani, Rufu, and Wami. There are many lakes, including Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika and Lake Malawi. The eastern coastal area and the inland lowlands have a tropical grassland climate, and the western inland plateau has a tropical mountain climate, which is cool and dry. The average temperature in most areas is 21-25℃. The more than 20 islands in Zanzibar have a tropical maritime climate with hot and humid all year round with an average annual temperature of 26°C.

Tanzania has 26 provinces and 114 counties. Among them, 21 provinces in the mainland and 5 provinces in Zanzibar.

Tanzania is one of the birthplaces of ancient humans. It had trade relations with Arabia, Persia, and India since BC. From the 7th to 8th centuries AD, Arabs and Persians began to migrate in large numbers. At the end of the 10th century, the Arabs established the Islamic kingdom here. In 1886, Tanganyika was placed under German influence. In 1917, British troops occupied the entire territory of Tanzania. In 1920, Tanzania became the "mandate place" of Britain. In 1946, the UN General Assembly passed a resolution to change Tanzania to the British "trusteeship." On May 1, 1961, Tanzania gained internal autonomy, declared independence on December 9 of the same year, and established the Republic of Tanganyika a year later. Zanzibar became a British "protection area" in 1890, gained autonomy in June 1963, and declared independence in December of the same year, becoming a constitutional monarchy ruled by the Sultan. In January 1964, the people of Zanzibar overthrew the rule of the Sultan and established the People’s Republic of Zanzibar. On April 26, 1964, Tanganyika and Zanzibar formed the United Republic, and on October 29 of the same year, the country was renamed the United Republic of Tanzania.

National flag: It is rectangular with a ratio of length to width of 3:2. The flag surface is composed of four colors: green, blue, black, and yellow. The upper left and lower right are two equal right-angled triangles of green and blue. The wide black strip with yellow sides runs diagonally from the lower left corner to the upper right corner. Green represents the land and also symbolizes the belief in Islam; blue represents rivers, lakes and seas; black represents black Africans; and yellow represents rich mineral resources and wealth.

Tanzania has a population of more than 37 million, of which Zanzibar is about 1 million (estimated in 2004). Belonging to 126 ethnic groups, the Sukuma, Nyamwicz, Chaga, Hehe, Makandi and Haya ethnic groups have a population of over 1 million. There are also some descendants of Arabs, Indians and Pakistanis and Europeans. Swahili is the national language and is the official lingua franca with English. The residents of Tanganyika mainly believe in Catholicism, Protestantism and Islam, while the residents of Zanzibar almost all believe in Islam.

Tanzania is an agricultural country. The main crops are corn, wheat, rice, sorghum, millet, cassava, etc. The main cash crops are coffee, cotton, sisal, cashews, cloves, tea, tobacco, etc.

Tanzania is rich in mineral resources. The main proven minerals include diamonds, gold, coal, iron, phosphate, and natural gas. Tanzania’s industries are dominated by agricultural products processing and import substitution light industries, including textiles, food processing, leather, shoemaking, steel rolling, aluminum processing, cement, paper, tires, fertilizers, oil refining, automobile assembly, and farm tool manufacturing.

Tanzania is rich in tourism resources. The three major lakes in Africa, Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika and Lake Malawi are all on its border. The world’s highest peak, Mount Kilimanjaro, at an altitude of 5895 meters. famous. Tanzania’s famous natural landscapes include the Ngorongoro Crater, the Great Rift Valley, Lake Manyana, etc. There are also historical and cultural landscapes such as San Island Slave City, the world’s oldest ancient human site, and Arab merchant sites.