Canada has a vast territory with a land area of ​​998.4670 square kilometers, ranking second in the world. Located in the northern part of North America (except the Alaska Peninsula and Greenland, the entire northern half is Canadian territory). It borders the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, the continental United States to the south, and the Arctic Ocean to the north. It borders Alaska in the United States to the northwest and Greenland across Baffin Bay to the northeast. The coastline is more than 240,000 kilometers long. The east is a hilly area, and the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence area bordering the United States in the south have flat terrain and many basins. To the west is the Cordillera Mountains, the highest region in Canada, with many peaks above 4000 meters above sea level. The north is the Arctic archipelago, mostly hills and low mountains. The central part is the plain area. The highest mountain, Logan Peak, is located in the Rocky Mountains in the west, with an elevation of 5,951 meters. Canada is one of the countries with the most lakes in the world. Affected by westerly winds, most parts of Canada have a continental temperate coniferous forest climate. Temperatures are slightly lower in the east, moderate in the south, mild and humid in the west, and cold tundra climate in the north. The Arctic Islands are cold all year round.

The country is divided into 10 provinces and three regions. The 10 provinces are: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec and Saskatchewan. The three regions are: Northwest Territories, Yukon Territories and Nunavut Territories. Each province has a provincial government and an elected provincial assembly. The Nunavut area was formally established on April 1, 1999 and managed by the Inuit.

The word Canada comes from the Huron-Iroquois language, which means "village, small house or shed". The French explorer Cartier came here in 1435 and asked the Indians the name of the place. The chief replied "Canada", which means a nearby village. Cartier mistakenly thought it was referring to the entire region, and since then called it Canada. Another argument is that in 1500, the Portuguese explorer Cortrell came here and saw a desolation, so he said Canada! It means "There is nothing here." Indians and Inuit (Eskimos) were the earliest residents of Canada. From the 16th century, Canada became a French and British colony. Between 1756 and 1763, Britain and France broke out in the "Seven Years War" in Canada. France was defeated and ceded the colony to Britain. In 1848, the British colonies of North America established an autonomous government. On July 1, 1867, the British Parliament passed the "British North America Act", which merged the provinces of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia into one federation, which became the earliest dominion in the United Kingdom, called the Dominion of Canada. From 1870 to 1949, other provinces also joined the federation. In 1926, Britain recognized Canada's "equal status" and Canada began to obtain diplomatic independence. In 1931, Canada became a member of the Commonwealth, and its parliament also received equal legislative power with the British parliament. In 1967 the Quebec Party raised the issue of requesting Quebec’s independence, and in 1976 the party won the provincial elections. Québec held a referendum on independence in 1980, and it turned out that there were mostly opponents, but the issue was not finally resolved. In March 1982, the British House of Lords and House of Commons passed the "Canadian Constitution Act". In April, the Act was approved by the Queen to take effect. Since then, Canada has obtained full powers to legislate and amend the constitution.

The population of Canada is 32.623 million (2006). It belongs to a typical country with a large area and sparse population. Among them, British descent accounted for 28%, French descent accounted for 23%, other European descent accounted for 15%, indigenous people (Indian, Miti, and Inuit) accounted for about 2%, and the rest were Asian, Latin American, and African descent Wait. Among them, the Chinese population accounts for 3.5% of Canada's total population, making it the largest ethnic minority in Canada, that is, the largest ethnicity other than whites and aboriginals. English and French are both official languages. Among the residents, 45% believe in Catholicism and 36% believe in Protestantism.

Canada is one of the seven major industrialized countries in the West. Manufacturing and high-tech industries are relatively developed. Resource industries, primary manufacturing and agriculture are also the main pillars of the national economy. In 2006, Canada’s GDP was US$1,088.937 billion, ranking 8th in the world, with a per capita value of US$32,898. Canada is based on trade and relies heavily on foreign investment and foreign trade. Canada has a vast territory and rich forest resources, covering an area of ​​4.4 million square kilometers, with timber-producing forests covering an area of ​​2.86 million square kilometers, accounting for 44% and 29% of the country's territory respectively; the total timber stock volume is 17.23 billion cubic meters. A large amount of wood, fiberboard and newsprint are exported every year. The industry is mainly based on petroleum, metal smelting, and papermaking, and the agriculture is mainly based on wheat. The main crops are wheat, barley, flax, oats, rapeseed, and corn. The area of ​​arable land accounts for about 16% of the country's land area, of which about 68 million hectares of arable land, accounting for 8% of the country's land area. In Canada, 890,000 square kilometers are covered by water, and freshwater resources account for 9% of the world. The fishery is very developed, 75% of the fishery products are exported, and it is the world's largest fishery exporter. Canada's tourism industry is also very developed, ranking ninth among the countries with the highest tourism income in the world.

Ottawa: Canada’s capital, Ottawa, is located at the border of southeastern Ontario and Quebec. The capital region (including Ottawa in Ontario, Hull in Quebec and surrounding towns) has a population of more than 1.1 million (2005) and an area of ​​4,662 square kilometers.

Ottawa is located in a lowland, with an average elevation of about 109 meters. The surrounding area is almost completely surrounded by rocks of the Canadian Shield. It belongs to the continental cold temperate coniferous forest climate. The summer air humidity is relatively high, with the characteristics of a maritime climate. In winter, since there are no mountains across the north, the dry and strong cold air current from the Arctic can sweep the land of Ottawa without any obstacles. The climate is dry and cold. The average temperature in January is -11 degrees. It is one of the coldest capitals in the world. It has reached minus 39 degrees. When spring comes, the whole city is full of colorful tulips, making this capital city extremely beautiful, so Ottawa has the reputation of "Tulip City". According to statistics from the Meteorological Department, Ottawa has night temperatures below zero for about 8 months each year, so some people call it the "severe cold capital".

Ottawa is a garden city, and about 2 million tourists visit here every year. The Rideau Canal passes through the downtown area of ​​Ottawa. To the west of the Rideau Canal is the upper city, which is surrounded by Capitol Hill and contains many government agencies. The Parliament Building, located at the foot of Parliament Hill on the Ottawa River, is an Italian Gothic building complex. In the center, there is a hall with Canadian provincial symbols and an 88.7-meter peace tower. To the left and right of the tower are the House of Representatives and the Senate, followed by the large-scale Library of Congress. Just south of Capitol Hill, along the Rideau Canal, stands the Civil War Memorial in the center of Federation Square. On Wellington Avenue opposite the Capitol, there are clusters of important buildings such as the Federal Government Building, the Judiciary Building, the Supreme Court, and the Central Bank. To the east of the Rideau Canal is the Xiacheng District. This is an area where French-speaking residents are concentrated, with famous buildings such as the City Hall and the National Archives.

Ottawa is still a cultural city. The art center in the city has the National Gallery and various museums. The University of Ottawa, Carleton University, and St. Paul University are the highest schools in the city. Carleton University is a single English university. The University of Ottawa and the University of Saint Paul are both bilingual universities.

Vancouver: Vancouver (Vancouver) is located at the southern tip of British Columbia, Canada, and is a beautiful city. She is surrounded by mountains on three sides and by the sea on the other. Although Vancouver is located at a high latitude similar to my country's Heilongjiang Province, it is affected by the Pacific monsoon and warm currents to the south, and there are rocky mountains running through the North American continent as a barrier to the northeast. The climate is mild and humid throughout the year, and the environment is pleasant. It is a famous tourist attraction in Canada.

Vancouver is the city with the largest port on the west coast of Canada. The Port of Vancouver is a naturally frozen deep-water port. Even in the severe winter, the average temperature is above 0 degrees Celsius. Due to its unique geographical conditions, the Port of Vancouver is the largest port handling bulk cargo on the west coast of North America. There are regular seagoing round-trips with Asia, Oceania, Europe, and Latin America. Thousands of vessels enter the port every year, and the annual cargo throughput is about 100 million tons. According to statistics, 80%-90% of the ships coming to Hong Kong are from China, Japan and other Far Eastern countries and regions. Therefore, Vancouver is known as Canada's gateway to the east. In addition, Vancouver's inland navigation, railways, highways and air transportation are all well developed. The name Vancouver is derived from the British navigator George Vancouver. In 1791, George Vancouver made his first expedition to the area. Since then, the population that settled here has gradually increased. The establishment of municipal institutions began in 1859. The city was officially established on April 6, 1886. To commemorate the first explorer who came here, the city was named after Vancouver.

Toronto: Toronto (Toronto) is the capital of Ontario, Canada, with a population of more than 4.3 million and an area of ​​632 square kilometers. Toronto is located on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario, the center of the Great Lakes in North America, the largest freshwater lake group in the world. It has a flat terrain and beautiful scenery. There are Tun River and Hengbi River during which ships can enter the Atlantic Ocean via the St. Lawrence River. It is an important port city in the Great Lakes of Canada. Toronto was originally a place where Indians traded hunting goods by the lake. Over time, it gradually became a gathering place for people. "Toronto" means place of gathering in Indian.

As the economic center of Canada, Toronto is the largest city in Canada. It is located in the heart of Canada and is close to the industrially developed regions of the eastern United States, such as Detroit, Pittsburgh and Chicago. The automobile industry, electronics industry, finance industry and tourism play an important role in Toronto’s economy, and Canada’s largest automobile manufacturing plant is located here. Its high-tech products account for 60% of the country.

Toronto is also an important cultural, educational and scientific research center. The University of Toronto, Canada's largest university, was founded in 1827. The campus covers an area of ​​65 hectares and has 16 colleges. York University in the northwest of the city established Bethune College to offer courses on China. The Ontario Science Center is well-known for its various innovatively designed science exhibitions. The National News Agency, the National Broadcasting Corporation, the National Ballet, the National Opera and other national natural science and social science research institutions are also located here.

Toronto is also a famous tourist city, its urban scenery and natural scenery make people linger. The novel and unique representative building in Toronto is the new municipal building located in the city center. It consists of three parts: two arc-shaped office buildings of different heights stand opposite each other, and a mushroom-shaped multifunctional event hall is in the middle. It looks like a pair of half-opened mussel shells containing a pearl.