I-Canada inommandla omkhulu onomhlaba we-998.4670 yeekhilomitha ezikwere, ubekwa kwindawo yesibini kwihlabathi. Ifunyanwa kwinxalenye esemantla eMntla Melika (ngaphandle kweAlaska Peninsula kunye neGreenland, isiqingatha sonke esisentla yintsimi yaseCanada). Imida yoLwandle lweAtlantic ukuya empuma, uLwandlekazi lwePasifiki ukuya entshona, ilizwekazi laseMelika ukuya emazantsi, kunye noLwandlekazi iArctic ukuya emantla. Imida iAlaska eUnited States ukuya emantla ntshona kunye naseGreenland inqumle iBaffin Bay ukuya emantla mpuma. Unxweme lungaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-240,000 ubude. Impuma yindawo eneenduli, kwaye amaGreat Lakes kunye neSt. Lawrence ekumda weUnited States emazantsi anendawo ethe tyaba kunye nezitya ezininzi. Ngasentshona ziintaba zeCordillera, owona mmandla uphakamileyo eCanada, oneentaba ezininzi ngaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-4000 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle. Umntla sisiqithi seArctic, ubukhulu becala iinduli kunye neentaba eziphantsi. Icandelo eliphambili yindawo ethe tyaba. Eyona ntaba iphakamileyo, iLogan Peak, ikwiiRocky Mountains ngasentshona, nokuphakama kweemitha ezingama-5,951. ICanada lelinye lamazwe anamachibi amaninzi emhlabeni. Ukuchatshazelwa yimimoya yasentshona, uninzi lweendawo zaseKhanada zinemozulu yelizwekazi enemozulu epholileyo. Amaqondo obushushu asezantsi empuma, aphakathi emazantsi, aphakathi kwaye afumile entshona, kunye nemozulu ebandayo ye tundra emantla. Iziqithi zeArctic zibanda unyaka wonke.

Ilizwe lahlulwe langamaphondo ali-10 nemimandla emithathu. Amaphondo ali-10 ngala: Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland kunye ne Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, IQuebec neSaskatchewan. Le mimandla mithathu yile: Iindawo zoMntla-ntshona, iZithili zeYukon kunye neeNunavut Territories. Iphondo ngalinye linorhulumente wephondo kunye nendibano yephondo ekhethiweyo. Indawo yaseNunavut yasekwa ngokusesikweni ngo-Epreli 1, 1999 kwaye ilawulwa yi-Inuit.

Igama laseKhanada livela kulwimi lwaseHuron-Iroquois, elithetha "ilali, indlu encinci okanye ishedi". Umhloli wamazwe wase-France uCartier weza apha ngo-1435 kwaye wabuza ama-Indiya igama lendawo.Inkosi yaphendula yathi "Canada", gama elo elithetha ilali ekufutshane. UCartier ngempazamo wacinga ukuba ubhekisa kulo mmandla uphela, kwaye ukusukela ngoko wabiza iCanada. Enye ingxoxo yeyokuba ngo-1500, umhloli wamazwe wasePhuthukezi uCortrell weza apha wabona isiphanziso, watsho ke eCanada! Kuthetha "Akukho nto apha." AmaIndiya kunye nama-Inuit (amaEskimo) yayingabemi baseKhanada bokuqala. Ukusukela kwinkulungwane ye-16th, iCanada yaba lithanga laseFrance nelaseBritane. Phakathi kowe-1756 nowe-1763, i-Bhritane ne-France zaqhambuka "kwiMinyaka esixhenxe yeMfazwe" e-Canada. I-France yoyiswa yaza yanikezela le koloni kwi-Bhritane. Ngomnyaka we-1848, iikholoni zaseBrithani zaseNyakatho Melika zakha urhulumente ozimeleyo. Nge-1 kaJulayi, ngo-1867, iPalamente yase-Bhritane yapasisa "umthetho wase-Bhritane eMntla Melika", owadibanisa amaphondo aseKhanada, iNew Brunswick, neNova Scotia baba ngumbutho omnye, nowathi waba ngowokuqala ukubusa e-United Kingdom, obizwa ngokuba yi-Dominion of Canada. Ukususela ngo-1870 ukuya ku-1949, namanye amaphondo ajoyina umanyano. Ngo-1926, i-Bhritane yavuma ukuba iCanada "yayilingana" kwaye iCanada yaqala ukufumana inkululeko. Ngo-1931, iCanada yaba lilungu le-Commonwealth, kwaye ipalamente yayo nayo yafumana amandla alinganayo ezomthetho kunye nepalamente yase-Bhritane. Ngo-1967 iQela laseQuebec laphakamisa umba wokucela inkululeko yeQuebec, kwaye ngo-1976 iqela laphumelela unyulo lwephondo. I-Quebec ibambe ireferendamu yenkululeko ngo-1980, kwaye kwafumaniseka ukuba uninzi lwabo baphikisayo, kodwa umba awuzange usonjululwe ekugqibeleni. Ngo-Matshi 1982, iBritish House of Lords kunye ne-House of Commons yapasisa "iCanada Constitution Act" Ngo-Epreli, lo mthetho wamkelwa nguKumkanikazi ukuba asebenze. Ukusukela ngoko, iCanada ifumene amandla apheleleyo okuwisa umthetho nokulungisa umgaqo-siseko.

Abemi baseKhanada bangama-32.623 yezigidi (2006). Elilizwe eliqhelekileyo elinommandla omkhulu kunye nabemi abambalwa. Phakathi kwabo, imvelaphi yaseBritane yayibalelwa kuma-28%, kumnombo wamaFrentshi kwaba ngama-23%, abanye abantu baseYurophu babalelwa kwi-15%, abantu bomthonyama (ama-Indiya, amaMiti, nama-Inuit) babalelwa kwiipesenti ezi-2, kwaye abanye babengama-Asiya, amaLatin aseMelika, kunye nabaseAfrika. Yima. Phakathi kwabo, abemi baseTshayina babalelwa kwi-3.5% yabemi baseCanada, iyenza ukuba ibe lelona lizwe lincinci e-Canada, okt lelona lizwe likhulu ngaphandle kwabelungu nabomthonyama. IsiNgesi nesiFrentshi zombini iilwimi ezisemthethweni. Phakathi kwabahlali, ama-45% akholelwa kubuKatolika kwaye ama-36% akholelwa kubuProtestanti.

ICanada lelinye lamazwe asixhenxe ahambele phambili kwezoshishino eNtshona.Umveliso kunye nobuchwephesha obuphezulu buphuhlisiwe.Amashishini oovimba, imveliso ephambili kunye nezolimo zezona ntsika ziphambili kuqoqosho lwesizwe. Kwi-2006, i-GDP yaseCanada yayiyi-US $ 1,088.937 yezigidigidi, ikwindawo ye-8 kwihlabathi, ngexabiso lomntu ngamnye kwi-US $ 32,898. ICanada isekwe kurhwebo kwaye ixhomekeke kakhulu kutyalo-mali lwangaphandle nakurhwebo lwangaphandle. ICanada inommandla omkhulu kunye nobutyebi behlathi, obugubungela ummandla we-4.4 yezigidi zeekhilomitha, kunye namahlathi avelisa imithi egubungela ummandla we-2.86 yezigidi zeekhilomitha, esenza i-44% kunye ne-29% yommandla welizwe ngokwahlukeneyo; Inani elikhulu leenkuni, i-fiberboard kunye nephepha-ndaba lithunyelwa minyaka le. Olu shishino lusekelwe ikakhulu kwipetroleum, ukunyibilikiswa kwesinyithi, kunye nokwenza iphepha, kwaye ezolimo zisekwe ikakhulu kwingqolowa Izityalo eziphambili yingqolowa, irhasi, iflakisi, ihabile, irapeseed kunye nombona. Indawo yomhlaba olimekayo ubala malunga ne-16% yommandla womhlaba weli lizwe, omalunga ne-68 yezigidi zehektare zomhlaba olimekayo, ubala i-8% yommandla womhlaba welizwe. ECanada, i-890,000 yeekhilomitha zesikwere zigutyungelwe ngamanzi, kwaye nezixhobo zamanzi amatsha zenza i-9% yehlabathi. Olu shishino luphuhliswe kakhulu, iipesenti ezingama-75 zeemveliso zokuloba zithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle, kwaye lelona lizwe liphuma kumazwe angaphandle okuloba. Icandelo lezokhenketho laseCanada likwaphuhliswa kakhulu, likwindawo yesithoba phakathi kwamazwe anengeniso ephezulu yezokhenketho emhlabeni.

I-Ottawa: Idolophu enkulu yaseKhanada, iOttawa, imi kumda mpuma weOntario neQuebec. Ingingqi yenkunzi (kubandakanya i-Ottawa e-Ontario, iHull eQuebec kunye needolophu ezikufutshane) inabemi abangaphezulu kwesigidi esi-1.1 (2005) kunye nommandla weekhilomitha ezisikwere ezingama-4,662.

I-Ottawa imi kumathafa asezantsi, ukuphakama okuphakathi kweemitha ezili-109. Indawo ejikelezileyo iphantse yangqongwa ngamatye eCanada Shield. Yeyesimo sezulu esineqhwa esibandayo kwilizwekazi. Ehlotyeni, ukufuma komoya kuphezulu kakhulu kwaye kuneempawu zemozulu yaselwandle. Ebusika, kuba kungekho ntaba ngaphesheya komntla, umoya owomileyo nobomeleleyo obandayo ovela eArctic unokutshayela umhlaba wase-Ottawa ngaphandle kwezithintelo.Imozulu yomile kwaye iyabanda.Iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi kuJanuwari yi -11 degrees.Yenye yezona ngqukuva zibanda ehlabathini. Ifikelele ku-39 degrees. Xa kufika intwasahlobo, isixeko siphela sizele zii-tulips ezimibalabala, zisenza esi sixeko silikomkhulu sihle kakhulu, ke i-Ottawa inegama elithi "iTulip City". Ngokweenkcukacha-manani ezivela kwiSebe leMeteorological, iOttawa inobushushu bobusuku obungaphantsi kweqanda malunga nenyanga ezisi-8 unyaka nonyaka, ngoko ke abanye abantu bayibiza ngokuba "sisixeko esibandayo esiqatha".

I-Ottawa sisixeko segadi, kwaye malunga nezigidi ezi-2 zabakhenkethi bandwendwela apha minyaka le. Umjelo weRideau Canal udlula kwindawo yedolophu yaseOttawa. Ngasentshona yeRideau Canal sisixeko esingasentla, esijikelezwe yiCapitol Hill kwaye iqulethe iiarhente zikarhulumente ezininzi. Isakhiwo sePalamente, esisezantsi kweNduli yePalamente kuMlambo i-Ottawa, sisakhiwo samaGothi ase-Itali. Embindini, kukho iholo enemiqondiso yephondo laseCanada nenqaba yoxolo yeemitha ezingama-88.7. Ngasekhohlo nasekunene kwinqaba yiNdlu yabaMeli kunye neNdlu yeeNgwevu, elandelwa liThala leNkulu leCongress. Ngasemazantsi eCapitol Hill, ecaleni kweRideau Canal, kumi iSikhumbuzo seMfazwe yombutho embindini weFederal Square. KwiWellington Avenue ejongene neCapitol, kukho izihloko zezakhiwo ezibalulekileyo ezifana ne-Federal Government Building, i-Judiciary Building, iNkundla ePhakamileyo kunye ne-Central Bank. Ngasempuma kweRideau Canal yiSithili seXiacheng.Le yindawo apho abahlali abathetha isiFrentshi bagxile khona, nezakhiwo ezidumileyo ezinje ngeHolo yeSixeko kunye noVimba weSizwe.

I-Ottawa isesisixeko senkcubeko.Iziko lobugcisa esixekweni linegalari yeSizwe kunye neemyuziyam ezahlukeneyo. IYunivesithi yase-Ottawa, iYunivesithi yaseCarleton, kunye neYunivesithi yaseSt. Paul zezona zikolo ziphezulu esixekweni. IYunivesithi yaseCarleton yiyunivesithi enye yesiNgesi.IYunivesithi yaseOttawa kunye neDyunivesithi yaseSaint Paul zozibini ezi iiyunivesithi.

IVancouver: IVancouver (Vancouver) ikwincam esemazantsi eBritish Columbia, Canada, kwaye sisixeko esihle. Ujikelezwe ziintaba kumacala amathathu nolwandle kwelinye. Nangona iVancouver ikwindawo ephezulu efana nePhondo lase-Heilongjiang lase-China, ichaphazeleka yi-Pacific monsoon kunye nemisinga efudumeleyo esemazantsi, kwaye kukho iintaba ezinamatye ezihamba kwilizwekazi laseMntla Melika njengesithintelo kumantla mpuma.Imozulu ithambile kwaye ifumile unyaka wonke, kwaye okusingqongileyo kuyathandeka.Yinto enomtsalane kubakhenkethi eCanada.

IVancouver sisixeko esinezibuko elikhulu kunxweme olusentshona Canada. Izibuko laseVancouver lizibuko lamanzi anzulu elinomkhenkce ngokwendalo.Kwasebusika obukhulu kakhulu, iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi lingaphezulu kwe-0 degrees Celsius. Ngenxa yeemeko ezikhethekileyo zejografi, iZibuko laseVancouver lelona zibuko likhulu liphethe imithwalo emikhulu kunxweme olusentshona yeNtla Melika.kukho ulwandle oluqhelekileyo lokuya nokubuya neAsia, iOceania, iYurophu, kunye neLatin America.Amawakawaka eenqanawa angena kwizibuko minyaka le, kwaye ukuhanjiswa kwemithwalo yonyaka kumalunga 100 yezigidi zeetoni. Ngokwezibalo, i-80% -90% yeenqanawa eziza eHong Kong zivela eChina, Japan nakwamanye amazwe aseMpuma Ekude nakwimimandla. Ke ngoko, iVancouver yaziwa njengesango laseKhanada eliya empuma. Ukongeza, ukuhamba ngaphakathi eVancouver, oololiwe, oohola bendlela kunye nokuhamba komoya konke kuphuhlisiwe. Igama elithi Vancouver lithathwe kumqhubi wenqanawa waseBritane uGeorge Vancouver. Ngo-1791, uGeorge Vancouver wenza uhambo lwakhe lokuqala kule ndawo. Ukusukela ngoko, inani labantu abahleli apha lenyuka ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukusekwa kwamaziko kamasipala kwaqala ngo-1859. Isixeko sasekwa ngokusesikweni ngo-Epreli 6, 1886. Ukukhumbula umphandi wokuqala oweza apha, isixeko sabizwa ngegama leVancouver.

I-Toronto: I-Toronto (iToronto) ikomkhulu lase-Ontario, Canada, elinabemi abangaphezulu kwesigidi se-4.3 kunye nommandla weekhilomitha ezisikwere ezingama-632. I-Toronto imi kunxweme lomntla-ntshona weLake Ontario, embindini weLwandle oluKhulu eMntla Melika, lelona qela likhulu lamachibi anamanzi acocekileyo emhlabeni.Ineendawo ezinomhlaba othe tyaba kunye nembonakalo entle. Kukho iTun River kunye neHengbi River apho iinqanawa zinokuthi zingene kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantic ngeSt. Lawrence River, sisixeko esibalulekileyo kwizibuko kwiGreat Lakes yaseCanada. IToronto yayiyindawo apho amaIndiya ayethengisa khona izinto zawo zokuzingela ngaselunxwemeni.Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ngokuthe ngcembe yaba yindawo yokuhlanganisana yabantu. "IToronto" ithetha indawo yokuhlanganisana eIndiya.

Iziko lezoqoqosho laseKhanada, iToronto sesona sixeko sikhulu eCanada, ikumbindi weCanada kwaye ikufutshane nemimandla ephuhliswe ngorhwebo kwimpuma yeUnited States, njengeDetroit, Pittsburgh kunye neChicago. Umzi mveliso weemoto, ushishino lwe-elektroniki, ushishino lwezezimali kunye nokhenketho zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuqoqosho lwaseToronto, kwaye eyona mveliso inkulu yokuvelisa iimoto yaseCanada imi apha. Iimveliso zayo zobuchwephesha obuphezulu zenza i-60% yelizwe.

I-Toronto ikwayindawo ebalulekileyo yenkcubeko, yemfundo kunye nophando lwezenzululwazi. IYunivesithi yaseToronto, eyona yunivesithi inkulu yaseCanada, yasekwa ngonyaka we-1827. Ikhampasi igubungela ummandla weehektare ezingama-65 kwaye ineekholeji ezili-16. IYunivesithi yaseYork emantla ntshona esixeko yaseta iBethune College yokubonelela ngezifundo zase China. IZiko lezeNzululwazi lase-Ontario liyaziwa ngemiboniso eyahlukeneyo yesayensi eyenziweyo. I-Arhente yeeNdaba zeSizwe, iNkampani kaZwelonke yoSasazo, iNational Ballet, iNational Opera kunye namanye amaziko ophando lwesayensi kunye noluntu kwezentlalo nawo akho apha.

I-Toronto ikwangumzi odumileyo wabakhenkethi, ubume bawo basezidolophini kunye nembonakalo yendalo yenza ukuba abantu bahlale ixesha elide. Inoveli kunye nesakhiwo esizimeleyo eToronto sisakhiwo sikamasipala esitsha esikumbindi wedolophu.Sinezinto ezintathu: izakhiwo ezibini ezimile okwe-arc eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo zimi malunga nenye, kwaye iholo lomnyhadala omilise ngemisebenzi emininzi liphakathi. Kubonakala ngathi ziigobolondo zeembaza ezivulekileyo ezinesiqingatha eziqukethe iperile.