Colombia, the full name of the Republic of Colombia, has an area of ​​1,141,700 square kilometers (except islands and territorial areas). It is located in northwestern South America, with Venezuela and Brazil in the east, Ecuador and Peru in the south, Panama in the northwest corner, the Caribbean Sea in the north, and the Pacific Ocean in the west. In addition to the coastal plain, the west is a plateau composed of three parallel Cordillera mountains in the west, middle, and east. There are wide areas between the mountains, a series of volcanic cones in the south, and the alluvial plain of the lower Magdalena River in the northwest. The waterways are divergent, and lakes and marshes are widely spread. To the east is the alluvial plains of the upper tributaries of the Amazon and Orinoco rivers, accounting for about two-thirds of the country's total area. The equator traverses the south, and the southern and western banks of the plain have a tropical rainforest climate. To the north, it gradually turns into a tropical grassland and dry grassland climate. The mountainous area at an altitude of 1000-2000 meters is subtropical, 2000-3000 meters is a temperate zone, and 3000-4500 meters is an alpine grassland. The high mountains above 4500 meters are covered with snow all year round.

The ancient territory was the distribution area of ​​Chibucha and other Indians. It was reduced to a Spanish colony in the 1536 century and was called New Granada. It declared independence from Spain on July 20, 1810, and was subsequently suppressed. After the rebels led by Bolivar, the liberator of South America, won the Battle of Poyaca in 1819, Colombia finally gained independence. From 1821 to 1822, together with present-day Venezuela, Panama and Ecuador, they formed the Republic of Colombia. From 1829 to 1830, Venezuela and Ecuador withdrew. In 1831 it was renamed the New Republic of Granada. In 1861 it was called the United States of Colombia. The country was named the Republic of Colombia in 1886.

National flag: It is rectangular, the ratio of length to width is about 3:2. From top to bottom, three parallel horizontal rectangles of yellow, blue, and red are connected. The yellow part occupies half of the flag surface, and the blue and red each occupy 1/4 of the flag surface. Yellow symbolizes golden sunlight, grains and richness. Natural resources; blue represents the blue sky, ocean and river; red symbolizes the blood shed by patriots for national independence and national liberation.

The population of Colombia is 42.09 million (2006). Among them, Indo-European mixed races accounted for 60%, whites accounted for 20%, black and white mixed races accounted for 18%, and the rest were Indians and blacks. The annual population growth rate is 1.79%. The official language is Spanish. Most residents believe in Catholicism.

Colombia is rich in natural resources, with coal, oil, and emeralds as the main mineral deposits. The proven coal reserves are about 24 billion tons, ranking first in Latin America. Petroleum reserves are 1.8 billion barrels, natural gas reserves are 18.7 billion cubic meters, emerald reserves rank first in the world, bauxite reserves are 100 million tons, and uranium reserves are 40,000 tons. In addition, there are deposits of gold, silver, nickel, platinum and iron. The forest area is about 49.23 million hectares. Colombia has historically been an agricultural country that mainly produces coffee. In 1999, affected by the Asian financial crisis and other factors, the economy fell into the worst recession in 60 years. The economy began to recover in 2000 and has maintained a low growth rate since then. In 2003, the growth rate accelerated, the construction industry continued to grow, the demand for electricity increased, the financial industry maintained a good momentum, loans and private investment increased, and exports of traditional products expanded. Colombia is one of the important tourist centers in Latin America, and its tourism industry is relatively developed. In 2003, there were 620,000 foreign tourists. The main tourist areas are: Cartagena, Santa Marta, Santa Fe Bogota, San Andres and Providencia Islands, Medellin, Guajira Peninsula, Boyaca, etc.

Bogota: Bogota, the capital of Colombia, is located in the valley of the Sumapas plateau on the west side of the East Cordillera Mountains. It is 2640 meters above sea level. Although it is close to the equator, it is due to the terrain. It is high, the climate is cool, and the seasons are like spring; because it is located in the hinterland of Colombia, it retains a rich historical and cultural heritage. Surrounded by mountains in the suburbs of the city, with verdant trees and magnificent scenery, it is a famous tourist attraction on the American continent. Population of 6.49 million (2001). The annual average temperature is 14℃.

Bogotá was founded in 1538 as a cultural center for the Chibucha Indians. In 1536, the Spanish colonizer Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada led the colonial army to arrive here, brutally massacring the Indians, and the survivors fled to other places. On August 6, 1538, the colonialists broke ground on this land sprinkled with Indian blood and built the city of Santa Fe in Bogotá, which became the capital of Greater Colombia from 1819 to 1831. Since 1886 it has become the capital of the Republic of Colombia. It has now developed into a modern city and is the national political, economic and cultural center of Colombia and a national transportation hub.

The main streets of Bogota’s urban area are straight and wide, and there are lawn gardens between the traffic lanes. Various flowers are planted in the streets, alleys, open spaces next to houses, and balconies of houses. There are stalls selling flowers everywhere on the street. The stalls are full of cloves, chrysanthemums, carnations, orchids, poinsettias, rhododendrons, and many unknown exotic flowers and plants, with smiles and branches, gorgeous and colorful, and the aroma is striking. , It embellishes a city full of high-rise buildings, which is extremely beautiful. Not far from the city, the Tekendau Falls flow straight down from the cliffs, reaching a height of 152 meters, with droplets of water scattered, misty, and magnificent. It is listed as one of the wonders of Colombia.

There are many ancient churches in Bogotá, including the famous San Ignacio Church, San Francisco Church, Santa Clara Church, and Bellacruz Church. The Church of San Ignacio was built in 1605 and has been well preserved so far. The gold products placed on the altar in the church are exquisitely crafted and exquisitely crafted. They are rare treasures from the hands of ancient Indians.