Colombia, dzina lonse la Republic of Colombia, ili ndi dera lalikulu makilomita 1,141,700 (kupatula zilumba ndi madera). Ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa South America, kuli Venezuela ndi Brazil kum'mawa, Ecuador ndi Peru kumwera, Panama kumpoto chakumadzulo, Nyanja ya Caribbean kumpoto, ndi Pacific Ocean kumadzulo. Kuphatikiza pa chigwa cha m'mphepete mwa nyanja, kumadzulo kuli chigwa chomwe chimapangidwa ndi mapiri atatu ofanana a Cordillera kumadzulo, pakati, ndi kum'mawa.Pali madera ambiri pakati pa mapiri, mapiri angapo ophulika kumwera, ndi chigwa chonse chotsika cha Mtsinje wa Magdalena kumpoto chakumadzulo. Madzi amasiyana, ndipo nyanja ndi madambo afalikira. Kum'mawa kuli zigwa zonse zam'mitsinje ya Amazon ndi Orinoco, zomwe zimawerengera pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a dera lonselo. Equator imadutsa kumwera, ndipo magombe akumwera ndi kumadzulo kwa chigwa ali ndi nyengo yotentha yamvula. Kumpoto, pang'onopang'ono imasandulika udzu wam'malo otentha komanso nyengo youma yaudzu. Malo amapiri okwera mamita 1000-2000 ndi madera ozizira, 2000-3000 mita ndi malo ozizira, ndipo mamita 3000-4500 ndi mapiri a Alpine. Mapiri ataliatali opitilira mita 4500 amakhala okutidwa ndi matalala chaka chonse.

Dera lakale linali gawo logawidwa kwa Chibucha ndi Amwenye ena. Anasandulika dziko la Spain mzaka za 1536 ndipo amatchedwa New Granada. Linalengeza ufulu wodziyimira pawokha kuchokera ku Spain pa Julayi 20, 1810, ndipo pambuyo pake linaponderezedwa. Opandukawo motsogozedwa ndi Bolivar, womasula ku South America, atapambana pa Nkhondo ya Poyaca mu 1819, Colombia pamapeto pake idalandira ufulu. Kuyambira 1821 mpaka 1822, limodzi ndi masiku ano a Venezuela, Panama ndi Ecuador, adapanga Republic of Colombia.Kuchokera mu 1829 mpaka 1830, Venezuela ndi Ecuador adachoka. Mu 1831 adasandulika New Republic of Granada. Mu 1861 idatchedwa United States of Colombia. Dzikolo limatchedwa Republic of Colombia mu 1886.

Mbendera yadziko: Ndi yaying'ono, yamtundu wautali mpaka m'lifupi ndi pafupifupi 3: 2. Kuyambira pamwamba mpaka pansi, pali mitundu itatu yopingasa yamakona achikasu, abuluu, ndi ofiira olumikizidwa.Gawo lachikaso limakhala theka la mbendera, ndipo buluu ndi lofiira limakhala ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a mbendera. Zachilengedwe; buluu likuyimira thambo lamtambo, nyanja ndi mtsinje; chofiira chimayimira magazi omwe akhetsedwa ndi okonda dziko lawo kuti akhale odziyimira pawokha komanso kumasulidwa dziko.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ku Colombia ndi 42.09 miliyoni (2006). Pakati pawo, mafuko osakanikirana a Indo-European anali ndi 60%, azungu anali ndi 20%, mitundu yosakanikirana yakuda ndi yoyera inali 18%, ndipo enawo anali Amwenye ndi akuda. Kukula kwa chiŵerengero cha anthu pachaka ndi 1.79%. Chilankhulo chachikulu ndi Chisipanishi. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira Chikatolika.

Colombia ili ndi chuma chambiri, ndimalasha, mafuta, ndi emeralds monga miyala yayikulu. Malo osungira amakala otsimikizika ali pafupifupi matani 24 biliyoni, oyambira koyamba ku Latin America. Malo osungira mafuta ndi migolo 1.8 biliyoni, malo osungira mpweya wachilengedwe ndi 18.7 biliyoni ma cubic metres, malo osungira a emerald ali oyamba padziko lapansi, malo osungira bauxite ndi matani 100 miliyoni, ndipo malo a uranium ndi matani 40,000. Kuphatikiza apo, pali madipoziti a golide, siliva, faifi tambala, platinamu ndi chitsulo. Kuderali kuli pafupifupi mahekitala 49.23 miliyoni. Dziko la Colombia lakhala dziko laulimi lomwe limapanga khofi. Mu 1999, zomwe zidakhudzidwa ndi mavuto azachuma aku Asia komanso zinthu zina, chuma chidagwa pamavuto akulu mzaka 60. Chuma chidayamba kubwerera mchaka cha 2000 ndipo sichinakule kwambiri kuyambira pamenepo. Mu 2003, kuchuluka kwakukula kudakulirakulira, ntchito zomangamanga zidakulirakulira, kufunika kwamagetsi kudakulirakulira, makampani azachuma adakula, ngongole ndi ndalama zapayokha zidakulirakulira, ndikutumiza kunja kwa zinthu zachikhalidwe. Colombia ndi amodzi mwa malo ofunikira alendo ku Latin America, ndipo ntchito zake zokopa alendo ndizotukuka. Mu 2003, panali alendo 620,000 ochokera kunja. Madera oyendera alendo ndi awa: Cartagena, Santa Marta, Santa Fe Bogota, San Andres ndi Providencia Islands, Medellin, Guajira Peninsula, Boyaca, ndi ena.

Bogota: Bogota, likulu la Colombia, lili m'chigwa cha mapiri a Sumapas kumadzulo kwa mapiri a East Cordillera. Ndi mamita 2640 pamwamba pa nyanja. Ngakhale kuti ili pafupi ndi equator, ndi chifukwa cha mtunda. Ndiwokwera, nyengo ndiyabwino, ndipo nyengo zimakhala ngati masika; chifukwa ili kumpoto kwa dziko la Colombia, imasunga mbiri yakale komanso chikhalidwe chawo. Chozunguliridwa ndi mapiri m'mbali mwa mzindawu, ndi mitengo yobiriwira komanso malo owoneka bwino, ndichokopa alendo odziwika ku kontrakitala yaku America. Chiwerengero cha anthu 6.49 miliyoni (2001). Kutentha kwapakati pachaka ndi 14 ℃.

Bogotá idakhazikitsidwa ku 1538 ngati malo achikhalidwe amwenye a Chibucha. Mu 1536, kazembe wa ku Spain Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada adatsogolera gulu lankhondo kuti lifike kuno, kupha Amwenye mwankhanza, ndipo omwe adapulumuka adathawira kumadera ena. Pa Ogasiti 6, 1538, atsamunda adasokoneza malowa akuwaza magazi aku India ndikumanga mzinda wa Santa Fe ku Bogotá, womwe udakhala likulu la Greater Colombia kuyambira 1819 mpaka 1831. Kuyambira 1886 wakhala likulu la Republic of Colombia. Tsopano yakhala mzinda wamakono ndipo ndi likulu la zandale, zachuma komanso chikhalidwe ku Colombia komanso malo oyendera anthu.

Misewu yayikulu yamatauni a Bogota ndi owongoka komanso otakata, ndipo pali minda yaudzu yomwe imalekanitsa misewu yamagalimoto. Maluwa osiyanasiyana amabzalidwa m'misewu, misewu, malo otseguka pafupi ndi nyumba, ndi makonde a nyumba. Pali malo ogulitsira maluwa paliponse mumsewu.khola lodzaza ma clove, chrysanthemums, ma carnation, orchids, poinsettias, rhododendrons, ndi maluwa ndi zomera zambiri zosadziwika, ndikumwetulira ndi nthambi, zokongola komanso zokongola, ndipo kununkhira kwake ndikodabwitsa. , Umakongoletsa mzinda wodzaza ndi nyumba zazitali, zokongola kwambiri. Pafupi ndi mzindawu, mathithi a Tekendau amayenda molunjika kuchokera kuphompho, kufika kutalika kwa mita 152, ndi madontho amadzi obalalika, mafunde, komanso owoneka bwino.

Pali mipingo yambiri yakale ku Bogotá, kuphatikiza Mpingo wotchuka wa San Ignacio, San Francisco Church, Santa Clara Church, ndi Bellacruz Church. Mpingo wa San Ignacio unamangidwa mu 1605 ndipo watetezedwa bwino pakadali pano.Zinthu zopangidwa ndi golide zomwe zimayikidwa paguwa mu tchalichi ndizopangidwa mwaluso komanso zopangidwa mwaluso.