Kolombiya, izina ryuzuye rya Repubulika ya Kolombiya, ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1,141.700 (usibye ibirwa n'uturere). Iherereye mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Amerika y'Epfo, hamwe na Venezuwela na Berezile mu burasirazuba, Ecuador na Peru mu majyepfo, Panama mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba, inyanja ya Karayibe mu majyaruguru, n'inyanja ya pasifika mu burengerazuba. Usibye ikibaya cyo ku nkombe, iburengerazuba ni ikibaya kigizwe n'imisozi itatu ibangikanye na Cordillera mu burengerazuba, hagati no mu burasirazuba.Hari ahantu hanini hagati y'imisozi, urukurikirane rw'imisozi y'ibirunga mu majyepfo, n'ikibaya cya alluvial cyo mu ruzi rwa Magdalena rwo hepfo mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba. Inzira y'amazi iratandukanye, kandi ibiyaga n'ibishanga birakwirakwira. Mu burasirazuba hari ibibaya bya alluvial byo mu ruzi rwo hejuru rw'inzuzi za Amazone na Orinoco, bingana na bibiri bya gatatu by'ubuso bw'igihugu. Ekwateri inyura mu majyepfo, kandi inkombe zo mu majyepfo no mu burengerazuba bw'ikibaya zifite ikirere gishyuha cy’amashyamba. Mu majyaruguru, gahoro gahoro gahinduka ibyatsi byo mu turere dushyuha hamwe n’ikirere cyumye. Agace k'imisozi ku butumburuke bwa metero 1000-2000 ni subtropicale, metero 2000-3000 ni agace gashyuha, naho metero 3000-4500 ni ubwatsi bwo mu misozi miremire. Imisozi miremire iri hejuru ya metero 4500 yuzuyeho urubura umwaka wose.

Ifasi ya kera yari agace gakwirakwizwa kwa Chibucha nabandi bahinde. Yagabanijwe kugeza mu bukoloni bwa Esipanye mu kinyejana cya 1536 maze yitwa New Granada. Yatangaje ubwigenge muri Espanye ku ya 20 Nyakanga 1810, nyuma irahagarikwa. Inyeshyamba ziyobowe na Bolivar, uwibohoye Amerika y'Epfo, zatsinze Intambara ya Poyaca mu 1819, amaherezo Kolombiya yabonye ubwigenge. Kuva mu 1821 kugeza 1822, hamwe na Venezuwela y'ubu, Panama na uquateur, bashinze Repubulika ya Kolombiya. Kuva mu 1829 kugeza 1830, Venezuwela na uquateur byavuyemo. Mu 1831 ryiswe Repubulika Nshya ya Granada. Mu 1861 ryiswe Leta zunze ubumwe za Kolombiya. Igihugu cyiswe Repubulika ya Kolombiya mu 1886.

Ibendera ry'igihugu: Ni urukiramende, igipimo cy'uburebure n'ubugari ni nka 3: 2. Kuva hejuru kugeza hasi, impande enye zingana zingana zingana zumuhondo, ubururu, numutuku zirahujwe. Igice cyumuhondo gifata kimwe cya kabiri cyibendera ryibendera, naho ubururu numutuku buri kimwe cya 1/4 cyubuso bwibendera. Umuhondo ugereranya urumuri rwizuba rwa zahabu, ibinyampeke nubukire. Umutungo kamere; ubururu bugereranya ikirere cyubururu, inyanja ninzuzi; umutuku ugereranya amaraso yamenetse nabakunda igihugu kubwigenge bwigihugu no kwibohora kwigihugu.

Abaturage ba Kolombiya ni miliyoni 42.09 (2006). Muri bo, amoko avanze y'Abahinde n'Abanyaburayi yari 60%, Abazungu bangana na 20%, ubwoko buvanze n'umukara n'umweru bugera kuri 18%, abasigaye ni Abahinde n'abirabura. Ubwiyongere bw'abaturage buri mwaka ni 1.79%. Ururimi rwemewe ni icyesipanyoli. Abenegihugu benshi bizera Gatolika.

Kolombiya ikungahaye ku mutungo kamere, hamwe n'amakara, peteroli, na zeru nk'amabuye y'agaciro nyamukuru. Ikigega cy’amakara cyemejwe ni toni hafi miliyari 24, kiza ku mwanya wa mbere muri Amerika y'Epfo. Ibikomoka kuri peteroli ni miliyari 1.8, ingero za gaze gasanzwe ni metero kibe miliyari 18.7, ububiko bwa zeru buza ku mwanya wa mbere ku isi, ububiko bwa bauxite ni toni miliyoni 100, naho uranium ni toni 40.000. Mubyongeyeho, hari ububiko bwa zahabu, ifeza, nikel, platine nicyuma. Ubuso bwamashyamba bugera kuri hegitari miliyoni 49.23. Amateka ya Kolombiya yabaye igihugu cyubuhinzi gitanga ikawa cyane. Mu 1999, wibasiwe n’ikibazo cy’amafaranga yo muri Aziya n’ibindi bintu, ubukungu bwifashe nabi cyane mu myaka 60. Ubukungu bwatangiye gukira mu 2000 kandi bukomeza umuvuduko muke kuva icyo gihe. Mu 2003, umuvuduko w’ubwiyongere wihuse, inganda z’ubwubatsi zakomeje kwiyongera, isabwa ry’amashanyarazi ryiyongera, inganda z’imari zagize umuvuduko mwiza, inguzanyo n’ishoramari ryigenga byiyongera, kandi ibyoherezwa mu mahanga gakondo byaraguka. Kolombiya ni kimwe mu bigo by’ubukerarugendo muri Amerika y'Epfo, kandi inganda z’ubukerarugendo zateye imbere. Mu 2003, hari ba mukerarugendo b'abanyamahanga 620.000. Ahantu nyaburanga hasurwa ni: Cartagena, Santa Marta, Santa Fe Bogota, San Andres n'ibirwa bya Providencia, Medellin, Igice cya Guajira, Boyaca, n'ibindi.

Bogota: Bogota, umurwa mukuru wa Kolombiya, iherereye mu kibaya cy’ibibaya bya Sumapas mu burengerazuba bw’imisozi ya Cordillera y’iburasirazuba. Ifite metero 2640 hejuru y’inyanja. Nubwo yegereye ekwateri, biterwa n'ubutaka. Ni muremure, ikirere kirakonje, kandi ibihe bimeze nkimpeshyi; kubera ko iherereye hagati mu gihugu cya Kolombiya, igumana umurage gakondo w'amateka n'umuco. Uzengurutswe n'imisozi mu nkengero z'umujyi, hamwe n'ibiti bitoshye ndetse n'ahantu heza cyane, ni ahantu nyaburanga hakurura ba mukerarugendo ku mugabane wa Amerika. Abaturage miliyoni 6.49 (2001). Ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe buri mwaka ni 14 ℃.

Bogotá yashinzwe mu 1538 nkikigo ndangamuco cyabahinde ba Chibucha. Mu 1536, umukoloni w’Abanyesipanyoli Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada yayoboye ingabo zabakoloni kugera hano, zica Abahinde bunyamaswa, abarokotse bahungira ahandi. Ku ya 6 Kanama 1538, abakoloni bavunitse kuri iki gihugu bamijemo amaraso y’Ubuhinde maze bubaka umujyi wa Santa Fe muri Bogotá, wari umurwa mukuru wa Kolombiya Nkuru kuva mu 1819 kugeza mu wa 1831. Kuva mu 1886 yabaye umurwa mukuru wa Repubulika ya Kolombiya. Ubu yateye imbere mu mujyi wa kijyambere kandi ni ikigo cya politiki, ubukungu n’umuco by’igihugu cya Kolombiya n’ikigo cy’ubwikorezi bw’igihugu.

Imihanda minini yumujyi wa Bogota iragororotse kandi yagutse, kandi hari ubusitani bwa nyakatsi butandukanya inzira nyabagendwa. Indabyo zitandukanye zatewe mumihanda, mumihanda, ahantu hafunguye iruhande rwamazu, na balkoni yinzu. Hano hari amaduka agurisha indabyo ahantu hose kumuhanda.Ibicuruzwa byuzuyemo karungu, chrysanthemumu, karnasi, orchide, poinsettias, rododendron, nindabyo nyinshi n’ibimera bidasanzwe bizwi, bifite inseko n'amashami, byiza kandi bifite amabara, kandi impumuro nziza iratangaje. , Irimbisha umujyi wuzuye inyubako ndende, nziza cyane. Hafi y’umujyi, Isumo rya Tekendau, riguruka ryamanutse riva mu bitare, rigera ku burebure bwa metero 152, hamwe n’ibitonyanga by’amazi bitatanye, ibicu, kandi bihebuje, byashyizwe ku rutonde nkimwe mu bitangaza bya Kolombiya.

Hariho amatorero menshi ya kera muri Bogotá, harimo Itorero rizwi cyane rya San Ignacio, Itorero rya San Francisco, Itorero rya Santa Clara, n'Itorero rya Bellacruz. Itorero rya San Ignacio ryubatswe mu 1605 kandi rirabitswe kugeza ubu.Ibicuruzwa bya zahabu byashyizwe ku gicaniro muri iryo torero byakozwe mu buryo buhebuje kandi bikozwe mu buryo buhebuje. Ni ubutunzi budasanzwe buva mu maboko y'Abahinde ba kera.