Colombia, iro izere zita reRepublic of Colombia, ine nzvimbo yemakiromita 1,141 700 emakiromita (kunze kwezvitsuwa nenzvimbo dzenharaunda). Iri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweSouth America, iine Venezuela neBrazil kumabvazuva, Ecuador nePeru kumaodzanyemba, Panama kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, Gungwa reCaribbean kuchamhembe, uye Pacific Ocean kumadokero. Pamusoro pebani remahombekombe, kumadokero ibani rakaumbwa nemakomo matatu akafanana eCordillera kumadokero, pakati, uye kumabvazuva.Pane nzvimbo dzakafara pakati pemakomo, nhevedzano yemakoni anoputika zasi, uye bani rose reRwizi rweMagdalena rwuri kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero. Iyo nzira yemvura inoparadzaniswa, uye nyanza nenzizi dzakapararira. Kumabvazuva kune mabani ane maburi emitero yepamusoro yeAmazon neOrinoco nzizi, inotora zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvenharaunda yenyika yese. Ikweta inodarika nekumaodzanyemba, uye mabhengi ekumaodzanyemba nekumadokero emupata ane mamiriro ekunze anogara achinaya mvura. Kumusoro kuchamhembe, zvishoma nezvishoma inoshanduka kuita nzvimbo ine huswa uye nzvimbo ine huswa yakaoma. Makomo marefu ari pamusoro pemamita 4500 akafukidzwa nechando gore rese.

Iyo nharaunda yekare yaive nzvimbo yekugovera yeChibucha nemamwe maIndia. Yakadzikiswa ikava nharaunda yeSpain muzana ramakore ra1536 uye yainzi New Granada. Yakazivisa rusununguko kubva kuSpain musi waChikunguru 20, 1810, uye yakazobviswa. Mushure mekunge vapanduki vaitungamirwa naBolivar, mununuri weSouth America, akunda Hondo yePoyaca muna 1819, Colombia yakazowana rusununguko. Kubva muna 1821 kusvika muna 1822, pamwe chete neVenezuela yemazuva ano, Panama neEcuador, vakaumba Republic of Colombia.Kubva muna 1829 kusvika 1830, Venezuela neEcuador dzakabva. Muna 1831 yakanzizve iyo New Republic yeGranada. Muna 1861 yakanzi United States yeColombia. Nyika iyi yakanzi Republic of Colombia muna 1886.

Mureza wenyika: Iyo yakakombama, chiyero chehurefu kusvika paupamhi chingangoita 3: 2. Kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi, zvitatu zvakaenzana zvakatwasuka marangi eyero, bhuruu, uye tsvuku zvakabatana. Chikamu cheyero chinotora hafu yemureza pamusoro, uye bhuruu nemutsvuku imwe neimwe inogara 1/4 yemureza pamusoro. Yero inomiririra mwenje wezuva wegoridhe, zviyo uye hupfumi. Zvisikwa zviwanikwa; bhuruu inomiririra denga rebhuruu, nyanza uye rwizi; tsvuku inomiririra ropa rakadeurwa nevanhu vanofarira nyika kurusununguko uye rusununguko rwenyika.

Vagari vemuColombia vane mamirioni 42.09 (2006). Pakati pavo, Indo -European marudzi akasanganiswa aiita 60%, vachena vaiita 20%, vatema nechena vakasanganiswa marudzi akaita 18%, uye vamwe vese maIndia nevatema. Huwandu hwegore rekukura kwehuwandu hwevanhu ndi1.79%. Mutauro wepamutemo chiSpanish. Vazhinji vagari vanotenda muchiKaturike.

Colombia yakafuma mune zviwanikwa, nemarasha, mafuta, uye emeralds senge maineral deposits. Nzvimbo dzakaratidzwa dzemarasha dzakachengetwa dzinenge zviuru makumi maviri nemana ematani, inotanga kuLatin America. Petrolium reserves ane mabhiriyoni 1,8 emabhiramu, gasi rechisiki ane mamirioni mabhiriyoni gumi nemazana manomwe neshanu, emerald matura ekutanga munyika, matura embauxite ari zana emamirioni, uye matura euranium ari zviuru makumi mana. Uye zvakare, kune mari yegoridhe, sirivheri, nickel, platinamu uye iron. Nzvimbo yesango ingangoita mahekita mamirioni makumi mana nemakumi mana nematatu. Colombia yakagara iri nyika yekurima iyo inonyanya kugadzira kofi. Muna 1999, yakakanganiswa nedambudziko rezvemari yekuAsia uye zvimwe zvinhu, hupfumi hwacho hwakawira mumatambudziko akaipisisa mumakore makumi matanhatu. Hupfumi hwakatanga kudzoka muna 2000 uye yakaramba iine huwandu hwakaderera hwekukura kubva ipapo. Muna 2003, huwandu hwekukura hwakamhanyisa, indasitiri yekuvaka yakaramba ichikura, kudiwa kwemagetsi kwakawedzera, indasitiri yezvemari yakave nekukwira kwakanaka, zvikwereti uye kudyara kwakazvimirira kwakawedzera, uye kutengeswa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa zvechinyakare zvakawedzerwa. Colombia ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzakakosha dzevashanyi muLatin America, uye indasitiri yayo yekushanya yakagadziridzwa. Muna 2003, paive ne620,000 vashanyi vekunze. Nzvimbo huru dzevashanyi ndeidzi: Cartagena, Santa Marta, Santa Fe Bogota, San Andres uye Providencia Islands, Medellin, Guajira Peninsula, Boyaca, nezvimwe.

Bogota: Bogota, guta guru reColombia, riri mubani reSumapas rwenze kumavirira kweMakomo eEast Cordillera. Iyo iri 2640 metres pamusoro pegungwa. Kunyangwe iri padyo nequator, iri nekuda kwenzvimbo. Yakakwirira, mamiriro ekunze anotonhorera, uye mwaka wakaita senge chirimo; nekuti iri munzvimbo yekumusoro yeColombia, inochengeta yakafuma nhoroondo uye tsika nhaka. Yakakomberedzwa nemakomo mumahombekombe eguta, nemiti yakasvibira uye nzvimbo dzinoyevedza, inzvimbo inozivikanwa yekushanya kukondinendi yeAmerica. Vagari vemamiriyoni 6.49 (2001). Avhareji tembiricha yegore ndeye 14 ℃.

Bogotá yakavambwa muna 1538 senzvimbo yetsika nemaIndia eChibucha. Muna 1536, Spanish colonial Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada akatungamira mauto ekoloni kuti asvike pano, achiuraya noutsinye maIndia, uye vakapukunyuka vakatizira kune dzimwe nzvimbo. Musi waAugust 6, 1538, vekoloniyalisiti vakaputsa ivhu panyika ino yakasaswa neropa reIndia uye vakavaka guta reSanta Fe muBogotá, iro rakave guta guru reGreater Colombia kubva muna 1819 kusvika muna 1831. Kubva 1886 rave iro guta guru reRepublic of Colombia. Izvozvi zvave dhorobha remazuva ano uye inyika yenyika yezvematongerwo enyika, zveupfumi uye zvetsika zveColombia uye nzvimbo yekutakura yenyika.

Migwagwa mikuru yenharaunda yeguta reBotota yakatwasuka uye yakafara, uye kune mapindu ehuswa pakati pemigwagwa yemigwagwa. Maruva akasiyana-siyana anodyarwa mumigwagwa, makoto, nzvimbo dzakashama padhuze nedzimba, nemabhalkoni edzimba. Kune zvitoro zvinotengesa maruva kwese kwese mumugwagwa.Matafura akazara nekavha, chrysanthemums, carnations, orchids, poinsettias, rhododendrons, uye akawanda asingazivikanwe maruva ekunze nemiti, nekunyemwerera nematavi, akanaka uye ane mavara, uye hwema hwacho hunoshamisa. , Inoshongedza guta rizere nezvivakwa zvepamusoro-soro, iro rakanaka kwazvo. Kusiri kure neguta, iyo Tekendau Falls inoyerera yakadzika kubva kumawere, inosvika pakakwirira mamita gumi nemashanu, nemadonhwe emvura akapararira, mhute, uye akajeka.Iyo yakanyorwa seimwe yezvishamiso zveColombia.

Kune makereke mazhinji ekare muBogota, kusanganisira yakakurumbira San Ignacio Church, San Francisco Church, Santa Clara Church, uye Bellacruz Church. Chechi yeSan Ignacio yakavakwa muna 1605 uye yakachengetedzwa zvakanaka kusvika pari zvino.Zvigadzirwa zvegoridhe zvakaiswa paatari mukereke zvakagadzirwa zvakaisvonaka uye zvakagadzirwa zvakaomarara.Ihwo hupfumi husingawanzo kubva kumaoko evaIndia vekare.