IColombia, igama eligcwele leRiphabhlikhi yaseColombia, inendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-1,141,700 (ngaphandle kweziqhingi nezindawo). Itholakala enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika, kuneVenezuela neBrazil empumalanga, i-Ecuador nePeru eningizimu, iPanama ekhoneni elisenyakatho-ntshonalanga, uLwandle lweCaribbean enyakatho, nePacific Ocean entshonalanga. Ngaphezu kwethafa elisogwini, entshonalanga ithafa elisentabeni elenziwe ngezintaba ezintathu ezihambisanayo zeCordillera entshonalanga, maphakathi, nasempumalanga.Kunezindawo ezibanzi phakathi kwezintaba, uchungechunge lwezigaxa zentaba-mlilo eningizimu, nethafa elihlanganayo loMfula iMagdalena ongasenyakatho ntshonalanga. Imigwaqo yamanzi iyahlukahluka, futhi kusakazeka amachibi namachibi. Ngasempumalanga kunamathafa anendawo yonke yemifula engenhla yemifula i-Amazon ne-Orinoco, ebala cishe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zendawo ephelele yezwe. I-equator inqamula ngaseningizimu, kanti amabhange aseningizimu nasentshonalanga yethafa anesimo sezulu esinehlathi elishisayo.Kusenyakatho, kancane kancane iphenduka indawo enotshani eshisayo nesimo sezulu esomile sotshani. Izintaba eziphakeme ezingaphezulu kwamamitha ayi-4500 zimbozwe yiqhwa unyaka wonke.

Indawo yasendulo kwakuyindawo yokwabiwa kweChibucha namanye amaNdiya. Yenziwa ikoloni laseSpain ngekhulu le-1536 futhi yabizwa ngeNew Granada. Yamemezela ukuzimela ngaphandle kweSpain ngoJulayi 20, 1810, futhi yacindezelwa. Ngemuva kokuba amavukelambuso aholwa nguBolivar, umkhululi waseNingizimu Melika, enqobe iMpi yasePoyaca ngo-1819, iColombia ekugcineni yathola inkululeko. Kusukela ngo-1821 kuya ku-1822, kanye neVenezuela yanamuhla, iPanama ne-Ecuador, bakha iRiphabhlikhi yaseColombia. Kusukela ngo-1829 kuya ku-1830, iVenezuela ne-Ecuador bahoxa. Ngo-1831 yaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-New Republic of Granada. Ngo-1861 yabizwa ngokuthi i-United States of Colombia. Izwe labizwa ngeRiphabhlikhi yaseColombia ngo-1886.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Lingunxande, isilinganiso sobude nobubanzi simayelana no-3: 2. Kusuka phezulu kuye ezansi, kuxhunywe onxande abathathu abalinganayo abaphuzi, abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu. Ingxenye ephuzi ithatha ingxenye yengxenye yefulegi, kuthi okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu ngalinye lithathe u-1/4 wobuso befulegi. Okuphuzi kufanekisela ukukhanya kwelanga kwegolide, okusanhlamvu nokunotha. Izinsiza zemvelo; okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kufanekisa isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza, ulwandle nomfula; okubomvu kufanekisela igazi elichithwe ngabashisekeli bokuzimela bezwe kanye nenkululeko kazwelonke.

Inani labantu baseColombia liyizigidi ezingama-42.09 (2006). Phakathi kwazo, izinhlanga ezixubekile zase-Indo-European bezingama-60%, abelungu bebengu-20%, izinhlanga ezixubene zabamnyama nabamhlophe zibe ngu-18%, bese kuthi amanye abe ngamaNdiya nabamnyama. Izinga lokukhula kwenani labantu ngonyaka liyi-1.79%. Ulimi olusemthethweni iSpanishi. Izakhamizi eziningi zikholelwa kubuKhatholika.

I-Colombia icebile ngemithombo yemvelo, ngamalahle, u-oyela, nama-emeralds njengezimbiwa eziyinhloko. Izinqolobane zamalahle ezifakazelwe zingamathani ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-24, zibekwa endaweni yokuqala eLatin America. Izinqolobane zePetroleum ziyimiphongolo eyi-1.8 billion, izinqolobane zegesi yemvelo zingama-cubic metres ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-18.7, izinqolobane ze-emerald zikleliswe kuqala emhlabeni, izinqolobane ze-bauxite zingamathani ayizigidi eziyi-100, kanti izinqolobane ze-uranium zingamathani angama-40,000. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona imali egolide, isiliva, i-nickel, i-platinum nensimbi. Indawo eyihlathi ingamahektha ayizigidi ezingama-49.23. IColombia ngokomlando bekuyizwe lezolimo elikhiqiza kakhulu ikhofi. Ngo-1999, ethinteke enhlekeleleni yezimali yase-Asia nezinye izinto, umnotho wawela esimweni somnotho esibi kakhulu eminyakeni engama-60. Umnotho waqala ukusimama ngonyaka we-2000 futhi ugcine izinga lokukhula eliphansi kusukela lapho. Ngo-2003, izinga lokukhula lashesha, imboni yezokwakha yaqhubeka nokukhula, isidingo sikagesi sakhula, imboni yezezimali yaba nomfutho omuhle, ukubolekwa kwemali kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwangasese kwanda, nokuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo yendabuko kwandiswa. IColombia ingesinye sezikhungo ezibalulekile sezivakashi eLatin America, futhi imboni yayo yezokuvakasha ithuthukiswa kancane. Ngo-2003, kwakukhona izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe ezingama-620,000. Izindawo eziyinhloko zabavakashi yilezi: ICagagena, iSanta Marta, iSanta Fe Bogota, iSan Andres neProvidencia Islands, iMedellin, iGuajira Peninsula, iBoyaca, njll.

I-Bogota: IBogota, inhlokodolobha yaseColombia, isesigodini sethafa laseSumapas ohlangothini olusentshonalanga yezintaba i-East Cordillera. Ingamamitha angama-2640 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle. Yize iseduze nenkabazwe, kungenxa yendawo. Kuphezulu, isimo sezulu sipholile, futhi izinkathi zifana nentwasahlobo; ngoba itholakala ezweni elisemaphandleni laseColombia, ligcina ifa lomlando namasiko elinothile. Izindawo ezisemaphethelweni edolobha zizungezwe izintaba, izihlahla eziluhlaza nezindawo ezinhle.Iyindawo eheha izivakashi ezwenikazi laseMelika. Inani labantu abayizigidi ezingama-6.49 (2001). Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nonyaka lingu-14 ℃.

I-Bogotá yasungulwa ngo-1538 njengesikhungo samasiko samaNdiya aseChibucha. Ngo-1536, umkoloniyali waseSpain uGonzalo Jiménez de Quesada wahola ibutho lamakholoni ukuba lifike lapha, libulala ngesihluku amaNdiya, futhi abasinda babalekela kwezinye izindawo. Ngo-Agasti 6, 1538, amakoloniyali aqhekeza lomhlaba efafazwe ngegazi laseNdiya futhi akha idolobha laseSanta Fe eBogotá, elaba yinhloko-dolobha yaseGreater Colombia kusukela ngo-1819 kuya ku-1831. Kusukela ngo-1886 seliyinhloko-dolobha yeRiphabhlikhi yaseColombia. Manje selithuthukile laba idolobha lesimanje futhi liyisikhungo sikazwelonke sezepolitiki, sezomnotho kanye namasiko eColombia kanye nehabhu yezokuthutha kuzwelonke.

Imigwaqo emikhulu yendawo yasedolobheni iBogota iqonde futhi ibanzi, futhi kunezingadi zotshani ezihlukanisa imizila yezimoto. Izimbali ezahlukahlukene zitshalwa emigwaqweni, ezizindeni, ezindaweni ezivulekile eduze kwezindlu, nasemabhalkhoni ezindlu. Kukhona amatafula athengisa izimbali yonke indawo emgwaqweni.Amatafula agcwele ama-clove, ama-chrysanthemums, ama-carnation, ama-orchid, ama-poinsettias, ama-rhododendron, nezimbali nezitshalo eziningi ezingaziwa, ezinamamatheka namagatsha, amahle futhi anemibala, nephunga liyamangalisa. , Uhlobisa idolobha eligcwele izakhiwo eziphakeme kakhulu, elihle ngokwedlulele. Bude buduze nedolobha, izimpophoma iTekendau zigeleza ziqonde phansi zisuka emaweni, zifike ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-152, amaconsi amanzi ehlakazekile, enenkungu futhi ebabazekayo. Kubhalwe njengesinye sezimangaliso zaseColombia.

Kunamasonto amaningi asendulo eBogota, kufaka phakathi iSan Ignacio Church edumile, iSan Francisco Church, iSanta Clara Church, neBellacruz Church. ISonto LaseSan Ignacio lakhiwa ngo-1605 futhi seligcinwe kahle kuze kube manje.Imikhiqizo yegolide ebekwe e-altare esontweni yenziwe ngobuciko futhi yenziwe ngobuciko.Ingamagugu ayivelakancane avela ezandleni zamaNdiya asendulo.