Czech Republic bu ala nwere etiti obodo no na etiti Europe, ya na Slovakia n’akuku owuwa anyanwu, Austria di na Ndida, Poland na ugwu ya, na Germany na odida anyanwu ya Gburugburu ya di kilomita 78,866 ma buru Czech Republic, Moravia na Silesia. Ala a dị n'ụsọ mmiri, akụkụ ugwu ya anọ na-arị elu, ugwu ya bụ Krkonoše dị n'ebe ugwu, Ugwu Sumava nke dị n'ebe ndịda, na ugwu Czech-Moravia nke dị n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na n'ebe ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ. E kewara mba ahụ ugwu abụọ, otu bụ ugwu Bohemian na mpaghara ọdịda anyanwụ, na Ugwu Carpathian na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ. E dere na ugwu.

Nhụjuanya

Czech Republic, aha zuru ezu nke Czech Republic, bụbu Czech na Slovak Federal Republic ma bụrụ mba nwere oke osimiri na etiti Europe. Ọ gbara Slovakia n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ, Austria na ndịda, Poland n'akụkụ ugwu, yana Germany na ọdịda anyanwụ.Ọ metụtara mpaghara nke square kilomita 78,866 ma mejupụta Czech Republic, Moravia na Silesia. Ọ dị na ndagwurugwu nwere akụkụ anọ nke e buliri n'akụkụ atọ, ala ahụ na-emekwa nri. E nwere ugwu Krkonoše dị na mgbago ugwu, Ugwu Sumava na ndịda ya, na ugwu Czech-Moravian nke nwere ogo elu 500-600 na ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ. Imirikiti ebe dị na mmiri ahụ dị n'okpuru 500 mita dị elu karịa oke osimiri, gụnyere Labe River Plain, Pilsen Basin, Erzgebirge Basin na ọdọ mmiri Czech na ebe ndịda. Osimiri Vltava kachasị ogologo ma na-aga site na Prague. Elbe sitere na Osimiri Labe na Czech Republic ma na-agagharị. Ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ nke mpaghara ndagwurugwu Morava-Oder bụ mpaghara dị n'etiti Czech Basin na ugwu Slovak, nke a na-akpọ Morava-Oder Corridor, nke bụ ụzọ azụmahịa dị mkpa n'etiti Northern na Southern Europe kemgbe oge ochie. Obodo a nwere ugwu ugwu, oke ohia na ebe mara mma. E kewara obodo ahụ na mpaghara ala abụọ: Otu bụ ugwu Bohemian na ọkara ọdịda anyanwụ, na Ugwu Carpathian na mpaghara ọwụwa anyanwụ Ọ nwere usoro ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ-ọdịda anyanwụ. Ebe kachasị elu bụ Gerrachovsky Peak na elu nke 2655 mita.

Onye isi nke Satsuma guzobere na 623 AD. Na 830 AD, e guzobere Great Moravian Empire, bụrụ mba izizi nke gụnyere Czech, Slovaks na Slav ndị ọzọ na njikọ ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Na narị afọ nke 9 AD, mba Czech na Slovak bụcha akụkụ nke Alaeze Ukwu Moravian. Na mbido narị afọ nke iri, nnukwu alaeze Moravian kewara ma ndị Czech guzobere mba nke aka ha, Czech Principality, nke ewegharịrị aha na Czech Kingdom mgbe narị afọ nke iri na abụọ gachara. Na narị afọ nke 15, òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nke ndị Hus na-emegide Holy See, ndị a ma ama na German, na ọchịchị ndị isi. Na 1620, e meriri Czech Kingdom na "Agha Afọ Iri Atọ" wee belata n'ọchịchị Habsburg. A kwụsịrị Serfdom na 1781. Mgbe 1867 gasịrị, Ọchịchị Austro-Hungaria na-achị ya. Mgbe Agha Worldwa Mbụ gasịrị, Alaeze Ukwu Austro-Hungaria dara, e guzobekwara Czechoslovak Republic na October 28, 1918. Kemgbe ahụ, mba Czech na Slovak malitere inwe mba nke aka ha.

Na Mee 9, 1945, a hapụrụ Czechoslovakia site n'enyemaka nke ndị agha Soviet wee weghachite obodo nkịtị. Na 1946, e guzobere gọọmentị njikọ nke Gottwald bụ onye ọchịchị. Na July 1960, National Assembly nyefere iwu ọhụrụ ma gbanwee aha mba ahụ na Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. Na mbido Machị 1990, Republic of Republic nke abụọ kagburu aha mbụ "socialism" wee degharịa ha Czech Republic na Slovak Republic n'otu n'otu. Na Machị 29 nke otu afọ ahụ, ndị omeiwu etiti gọọmentị Czech kpebiri ịmegharị aha Czechoslovak Socialist Republic: Czechoslovak Federal Republic na Czech; Czech-Slovak Federal Republic na Slovak, ya bụ, otu mba nwere aha abụọ. Site na Jenụwarị 1, 1993, Czech Republic na Slovakia ghọrọ mba abụọ nweere onwe ha. Na Jenụwarị 19, 1993, Nationstù Mba Ndị Dị n'Otu nakweere Czech Republic dị ka mba so na ya.

Ọkọlọtọ mba: Ọ bụ akụkụ anọ ya na nha ogologo n'obosara nke 3: 2. Ihe mejuputara ya bu acha anunu, acha ọcha na uhie. N’aka ekpe bụ blue triangle isosceles na-acha anụnụ anụnụ. N'aka nri bụ trapezoid abụọ hà nhata, ọcha dị n'elu na ọbara ọbara na ala. Thedị atọ nke acha anụnụ anụnụ, ọcha na ọbara ọbara bụ agba ọdịnala nke ndị Slavic na-amasị. Obodo nke Czech bụ alaeze oge ochie nke Bohemia. Alaeze a na-ele uhie na ọcha dị ka agba mba ya. White na-anọchi anya ịdị nsọ na ịdị ọcha ma na-egosipụta nnọchibido ndị mmadụ na-achọ udo na ìhè; acha uhie uhie na-egosipụta obi ike na ụjọ. Mmụọ na-ese onyinyo ọbara na mmeri nke ndị mmadụ maka nnwere onwe, nnwere onwe na ọganihu nke mba ahụ. Agba acha anụnụ anụnụ sitere na uwe mkpuchi mbụ nke Moravia na Slovakia.

Czech Republic nwere ndị bi na 10,21 nde (Mee 2004). Agbụrụ ndị agbụrụ bụ Czech, na-akpata 81.3% nke ngụkọta ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bụbu Federal Republic. Other agbụrụ ndị ọzọ gụnyere Moravian (13.2%), Slovak, German na obere ndị Poland. Asụsụ gọọmenti bụ Czech, okpukpe ndị bụ isi bụ Roman Katọlik.

Czech Republic bụbu mpaghara mpaghara mmepụta ihe nke Ọchịchị Austro-Hungaria, na 70% nke ụlọ ọrụ ahụ gbakọtara ebe a. Ọ bụ nke a na - ejikarị arụ ọrụ igwe, ngwa igwe dị iche iche, akụrụngwa ike, ụgbọ mmiri, ụgbọ ala, locomotives eletriki, ngwa ọrụ nchara, ụlọ ọrụ ndị agha, yana ụlọ ọrụ akwa. Uwe, ịkpụ akpụkpọ ụkwụ, na ị beerụ biya bụcha ndị ama ama n’ụwa niile. Mgbe Agha Worldwa nke Abụọ gasịrị, a gbanwere usoro ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe mbụ, na-elekwasị anya na mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ ígwè na nnukwu ígwè ọrụ. Lọ ọrụ mejupụtara 40% nke GDP (1999). Czech Republic bụ onye na-emepụta ma na-azụkwa biya, yana isi mbupụ mbupụ bụ Slovakia, Poland, Germany, Austria na United States. Onu ogugu biya biara na 1996 ruru lita ijeri 1.83. N’afọ 1999, ego onye ọ bụla na-a beerụ biya na Czech Republic ruru lita 161.1, nke ruru lita 30 karịa nke Germany, bụ obodo biya na-a beerụ mmanya. N'ihe banyere ị beerụ biya biya, Czech Republic ahọrọla nke mbụ na ụwa maka afọ 7. Ulo oru nkwukọrịta na-eto n'ike n'ike Na ngwụcha afọ 1998, ọnụọgụ ọnụọgụ ekwentị nke fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ 10%, ọnụọgụ ndị ọrụ ekwentị mkpanaaka ruru 930,000, karịa ụfọdụ mba ndị mepere emepe dị n'Ebe Ọdịda Anyanwụ .wa.

Isi obodo

Prague: Prague, isi obodo Czech Republic, bụ otu n’ime obodo mara mma na Europe. Ọ nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme na ọ bụ ama ama njem nleta a ma ama n'ụwa niile, nke a maara dị ka "akwụkwọ nkà ihe owuwu", ma United Nations kwupụtara ya dị ka ihe nketa ụwa. Prague dị n’etiti Eurasia, n’ofe Osimiri Vltava, otu ụtụ nke Osimiri Labe. A na-ekesa obodo ndị mepere emepe na ugwu 7, na-ekpuchi mpaghara nke kilomita 496 na ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị bi na 1,098,855 (ọnụ ọgụgụ na January 1996). Ebe kachasị dị ala bụ 190 mita karịa ọkwa mmiri, ebe kachasị elu bụ 380 mita. Ihu igwe nwere ụdị nke etiti mba ndị ọzọ, na-enwekarị okpomọkụ nke 19.5 Celsius C na July na -0.5 Celsius C na Jenụwarị.

Ruo ọtụtụ puku afọ, akụkụ Osimiri Vltava ebe Prague dị bụ ebe dị mkpa n'okporo ụzọ azụmahịa n'etiti North na South Europe. Site na akụkọ mgbe ochie, Princess Praus hiwere Prague site na Princess Libusch na di ya, Premes, onye guzobere usoro Premes (800 ruo 1306). Ntọala mbụ na saịtị nke Prague ugbu a malitere na ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ 9th, ma wuo obodo Prague na 928 AD. N’afọ 1170, e wuru akwa mmiri mbụ n’elu Osimiri Vltava. Na 1230, usoro ndị eze Czech guzobere obodo eze mbụ na Prague. Site na narị afọ nke 13 ruo 15, Prague ghọrọ ebe dị mkpa na akụ na ụba, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na ọdịbendị nke Central Europe. Site na 1346 ruo 1378, Alaeze Ukwu Rom Dị Nsọ na Eze Charles nke Anọ nke Bohemia guzobere isi obodo na Prague. Na 1344, Charles nke Anọ nyere iwu ka e wuo Katidral St. Vitus (nke e wuchara na 1929), na 1357 kwa, e wuru Charles Bridge. Ka ọ na-erule ngwụsị nke narị afọ nke 14, Prague aghọwo otu n'ime obodo ndị dị mkpa na Central Europe ma nwee ọkwá dị mkpa na nhazigharị okpukpe ndị Europe. Mgbe afọ 1621 gachara, ọ kwụsịrị ịbụ isi obodo nke alaeze Rom. Na 1631 na 1638, ndị Saxon na ndị Swidin weghaara Prague ugboro abụọ, ọ banyekwara n'oge ọdịda.

Prague gbara ugwu na osimiri gbara gburugburu ma nwee ọtụtụ ebe akụkọ ihe mere eme. Buildingslọ mgbe ochie na-eguzo n'akụkụ abụọ nke Osimiri Vltava, n'usoro nke ụlọ Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance, na Baroque. Ọtụtụ ụlọ mgbe ochie jupụtara na ụlọ elu toro ogologo, na-eme Prague dịka "Obodo nke Hundredlọ Elu Nke Otu narị". Na ngwụsị oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ, nnukwu ụlọ elu nke Huang Chengcheng n'ụlọ elu n'otu mpempe akwụkwọ na-acha odo odo nke nwere ìhè ọla edo, a na-akpọ obodo ahụ "Golden Prague". Onye ukwu na-ede uri Goethe kwuru n'otu oge, sị: "Prague bụ ihe kachasị dị oke ọnụ n'etiti okpueze nke ọtụtụ obodo ndị a na-agbanye dị ka ọla." A na-eme Prague Mmiri Concert a ma ama kwa afọ. Theaterlọ ihe nkiri ahụ nwere ọdịnala miri emi, na ụlọ ihe nkiri iri na ise. E nwere ọtụtụ ebe ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na veranda nka dị na obodo ahụ, ma enwere ihe ncheta ndị ọrụ gọọmentị 1,700, dị ka ụlọ ụka St. Na Lenin Museum.