Czech Republic inyika yakavharirwa iri pakati peEurope.Iyo inoganhurana neSlovakia kumabvazuva, Austria kumaodzanyemba, Poland kuchamhembe, neGerman kumadokero.Inotora nzvimbo inosvika 78,866 mativi emakiromita uye ine Czech Republic, Moravia neSilesia. Iri munzvimbo ine makona mana akasimudzwa pamativi matatu.Ivhu rakaorera, neMakomo eKrkonoše kuchamhembe, makomo eSumava kumaodzanyemba, nebani reCzech -Moravia kumabvazuva nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Nyika ine makomo asina kuyanika, masango akakora, uye nzvimbo dzinoyevedza.Inyika yakakamurwa kuita matunhu maviri enzvimbo, imwe iBohemian Highlands kumadokero hafu, uye Carpathian Mountains ari kumabvazuva hafu.Iine zvinhu zvakateedzana. Yakagadzirwa yakananga kumakomo.

Ongororo

Czech Republic, izere zita reCzech Republic, pakutanga yaive Czech uye Slovak Federal Republic uye inyika yakavharirwa iri pakati peEurope. Inoganhurana neSlovakia kumabvazuva, Austria kumaodzanyemba, Poland kuchamhembe, neGerman kumadokero, inovhara nharaunda yemakiromita 78,666 makiromita uye ine Czech Republic, Moravia neSilesia. Iri mubhesimendi rakakwiridzirwa kumativi matatu, uye ivhu rakaorera. Kune Gomo reKrkonoše kuchamhembe, Gomo reSumava kumaodzanyemba, nebani reCzech-Moravia rine hurefu hwepakati pemamita mazana mashanu kusvika mazana matanhatu kumabvazuva nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Nzvimbo zhinji dziri mubheseni dziri pasi pemamita mazana mashanu pamusoro pegungwa, kusanganisira iyo Labe River Plain, iyo Pilsen Basin, Erzgebirge Basin uye yekumaodzanyemba kweCzech madziva nemadhaka. Rwizi rweVltava ndirwo rurefu uye runoyerera kuburikidza nePrague. Elbe inotangira muRwizi rweLabe muCzech Republic uye inofamba nechikepe. Nzvimbo yekumabvazuva yeMorava-Oder inzvimbo iri pakati peCzech Basin nemakomo eSlovak, anonzi Morava-Oder Corridor, uye yanga iri nzira yakakosha yekutengeserana pakati peKuchamhembe neSouthern Europe kubva panguva dzekare. Nyika ine makomo asina kusimba, masango gobvu uye nzvimbo dzinoyevedza. Nyika yakakamurwa kuita matunhu maviri enzvimbo.Imwe iBohemian Highlands muhafu yekumadokero, uye Carpathian Makomo muhafu yekumabvazuva.Ine nhevedzano yemakomo ekumabvazuva-kumadokero. Nzvimbo yepamusoro ndeyeGerrachovsky Peak pakukwirira kwemamita 2655.

Hutungamiri hweSatsuma hwakagadzwa muna 623 AD. Muna 830 AD, Humambo Huru hweMoravia hwakagadzwa, ikava nyika yekutanga yaisanganisira maCzech, maSlovaks nemamwe marudzi echiSlavic kuti vaungane pamwechete mune zvematongerwo enyika. Muzana ramakore re9 AD, nyika dzeCzech neSlovak dzaive mbiri chikamu cheMambovian Moria. Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechigumi, Humambo Huru hweMoravia hwakaparara uye maCzech akamisikidza nyika yavo yakazvimiririra, yeCzech Hutungamiriri, iyo yakapihwa zita rekuti Czech Kingdom mushure mezana regumi nemaviri. Muzana ramakore regumi nesere, Hussite yechimurenga kurwisa iyo Holy See, vanokudzwa veGerman, uye hutongi hweumambo hwakatanga. Muna 1620, Humambo hweCzech hwakakundwa mu "Hondo Yemakore Makumi Matatu" ikadzikiswa ikava hutongi hwaHabsburg. Serfdom yakabviswa muna 1781. Mushure ma1867, yaitongwa neAustro-Hungary Humambo. Mushure meHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, Humambo hweAustro-Hungary hwakapunzika uye Czechoslovak Republic yakavambwa muna Gumiguru 28, 1918. Kubva ipapo, nyika dzeCzech neSlovak dzakatanga kuva nenyika yavo.

Musi waMay 9, 1945, Czechoslovakia yakasunungurwa nerubatsiro rwemauto eSoviet uye ikadzorera nyika yakajairika. Muna 1946, hurumende yemubatanidzwa yakatungamirwa naGottwald yakagadzwa. Muna Chikunguru 1960, iyo National Assembly yakapa bumbiro idzva uye ikachinja zita renyika kuva Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. Pakutanga kwaKurume 1990, nyika mbiri dzakabvisa zita rekutanga "socialism" uye vakavapa zita rekuti Czech Republic neSlovak Republic zvichiteerana. Musi waKurume 29 wegore rimwe chetero, Czech Federal Paramende yakasarudza kutumidza zita rekuti Czechoslovak Socialist Republic: Czechoslovak Federal Republic muCzech; Czech-Slovak Federal Republic muSlovak, ndiko kuti, nyika imwe chete ine mazita maviri. Kubva muna Ndira 1, 1993, Czech Republic neSlovakia dzakava nyika mbiri dzakazvimirira. Musi waNdira 19, 1993, United Nations General Assembly yakagamuchira Czech Republic senyika yenhengo.

Mureza wenyika: Iyo yakatenderera, iine chiyero chehurefu kusvika paupamhi hwe3: 2. Iyo inoumbwa nebhuruu, chena uye tsvuku. Kuruboshwe kune bhuruu isosceles katatu. Kurudyi kune maviri akaenzana trapezoid, chena kumusoro uye tsvuku pazasi. Mavara matatu ebhuruu, chena uye tsvuku ndiwo echinyakare mavara anodiwa nevanhu vechiSlavic. Guta rekumusha kweCzechs ndiyo humambo hwekare hweBohemia. Humambo uhwu hunotora mutsvuku nemuchena semavara ayo emunyika.White inomiririra hutsvene uye kuchena, uye inomiririra kutsvaga kwevanhu rugare nerakajeka; tsvuku inomiririra hushingi uye kusatya. Mweya unofananidzira ropa uye kukunda kwevanhu kurusununguko, rusununguko uye budiriro yenyika. Ruvara rwebhuruu rwunobva kuhembe yekutanga yeMoravia neSlovakia.

Czech Republic ine huwandu hwevanhu vane mamirioni 10.21 (Chivabvu 2004). Dzinza rakakura ndiCzech, rinoverengera 81.3% yehuwandu hwevanhu vaimbove Federal Republic Mamwe mapoka emadzinza anosanganisira Moravian (13.2%), Slovak, ChiGerman uye vashoma vePoland. Mutauro wepamutemo chiCzech, uye chinamato chikuru chiRoman Catholic.

Czech Republic pakutanga yaive nzvimbo yeindasitiri yeAustro-Hungary Humambo, uye 70% yeindasitiri yayo yaive yakatarisana pano. Inotungamirwa nemuchina wekugadzira, maturusi akasiyana siyana, zvishandiso zvemagetsi, ngarava, mota, zviteshi zvemagetsi, simbi yekuumburudza, indasitiri yemauto, uye indasitiri yemachira. Machira, kugadzira shangu, uye kubikwa kwedoro zvese zvine mukurumbira pasi rese. Iyo hwindasitiri hwaro hwakasimba.Pashure peHondo Yenyika II, iyo yekutanga maindasitiri mamiriro akachinjwa, ichitarisa mukugadzirwa kwesimbi uye inorema michini maindasitiri. Maindasitiri akaverengera 40% yeGDP (1999). Czech Republic inogadzira uye mutengi wedoro, uye zvinangwa zvayo zvekutumira kunze kwenyika iSlovakia, Poland, Germany, Austria neUnited States. Yakazara doro rakaburitswa muna1996 rakasvika 1,83 bhiriyoni litita. Muna 1999, munhu anonwa doro muCzech Republic rakasvika 161.1 litres, ayo aive marita makumi matatu kupfuura aya eGerman, nyika huru inonwa doro. Panyaya yemunhu anonwa doro rekushandisa, Czech Republic yakaratidza chinzvimbo chekutanga pasi rose kwemakore manomwe akateedzana. Indasitiri yekutaurirana iri kusimukira nekukurumidza.Pakupera kwa1998, huwandu hwekupinda kwenharembozha hwaive pedyo ne10%, uye huwandu hwevashandisi vefoni hwaisvika 930,000, kupfuura dzimwe nyika dzekuMadokero dzakabudirira.

Maguta makuru

Prague: Prague, guta guru reCzech Republic, nderimwe remaguta akanaka kwazvo muEurope. Iine nhoroondo yakareba uye inokwezva vashanyi vepasirese, inozivikanwa se "rakagadzirwa dhizaini bhuku", uye yakaziviswa nyika tsika tsika neUnited Nations. Prague iri pakati peEurasia, mhiri kwemahombekombe erwizi rweVltava, rwizi rweRwizi rweLabe. Iyo yemadhorobha nzvimbo yakagoverwa pamakomo manomwe, inovhara nzvimbo yemakumi mana nematanhatu emakiromita uye huwandu hwevanhu 1,098.855 (huwandu munaNdira 1996). Iyo yakaderera nzvimbo ndeye 190 metres pamusoro pegungwa, uye iyo yepamusoro nzvimbo ndeye 380 metres. Mamiriro ekunze ane akajairika epakati kondinendi mhando, aine avhareji tembiricha ye19.5 ° C muna Chikunguru uye -0.5 ° C muna Ndira.

Kwezviuru zvemakore, chikamu cheRwizi Vltava uko kuPrague kwave kuri nzvimbo yakakosha mumugwagwa wekutengesa pakati peNorth neSouth Europe. Sekureva kwengano, Prague yakavambwa naPrincess Libusch nemurume wake, Premes, muvambi wePremes Dynasty (800 kusvika 1306). Kugara kwekutanga pane ino nzvimbo yePrague kwakatanga muhafu yepiri yezana ramakore rechi9, uye guta rePrague rakavakwa muna 928 AD. Muna 1170, bhiriji rekutanga rebwe rakavakwa paRwizi Vltava. Muna 1230, imba yeCzech yakagadza guta rekutanga rehumambo muPrague. Kubva 13th kusvika 15th century, Prague yakave yakakosha hupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika uye tsika tsika yeCentral Europe. Kubva 1346 kusvika 1378, Hutsvene hweRoma Humambo naMambo Charles IV weBohemia vakatanga guta guru muPrague. Muna 1344, Charles IV akaraira kuvakwa kweSt Vitus Cathedral (kwakapedzwa muna 1929), uye muna 1357 Charles Bridge yakavakwa. Pakupera kwezana ramakore regumi nemana, Prague yaive rave rimwe remaguta akakosha muCentral Europe uye yakanga iine chinzvimbo chakakosha mukuchinja kwechitendero cheEurope. Mushure ma1621, yakamira kuve guta guru rehumambo hweRoma. Muna 1631 na1638, maSaxon nemaSweden akateedzana vakapamba Prague, uye yakapinda munguva yekuderera.

Prague yakakomberedzwa nemakomo nenzizi uye ine nzvimbo zhinji dzenhoroondo. Zvivakwa zvekare zvinomira pamativi ese eRwizi rweVltava, mutsara pamusoro peRomeesque, Gothic, Renaissance, uye zvivakwa zveBaroque. Zvivakwa zvekare zvekare zvakazara neshongwe refu, zvichiita kuti Prague izivikanwe se "Guta reMazana Towers". Mukupedzisira kwematsutso, kufema kweHuang Chengcheng shongwe muchidimbu chemasango ejena-mashizha ane mwenje wegoridhe, uye guta racho rinodaidzwa kuti "Goridhe Prague". Nyanduri mukuru Goethe akamboti: "Prague ndiyo yakakosha kwazvo pakati pekorona dzemaguta mazhinji akashongedzerwa kunge zvishongo."

Hupenyu hwemimhanzi Iyo inozivikanwa yePrague Spring Konati inoitwa gore rega. Iyi yemitambo ine tsika yakasimba, iine gumi nemashanu yemitambo. Kune mamuseum mazhinji uye dzimba dzehunyanzvi mukati meguta, uye kune zvinopfuura 1,700 zvivakwa zvepamutemo, senge inoshamisa St. Vitus Church, yakaisvonaka Prague Palace, Charles Bridge ine hunyanzvi hwekukosha, uye nhoroondo National Theatre. Uye iyo Lenin Museum.