Kakaretso

Czech Republic, lebitso le felletseng la Czech Republic, qalong e ne e le la Czech Republic le Slovak Federal Republic, ke naha e se nang moeli bohareng ba Europe. E moeling oa Slovakia ka bochabela, Austria ka boroa, Poland ka leboea le Jeremane ka bophirima, e boholo ba lisekoere-k'hilomithara tse 78 866 mme e na le Czech Republic, Moravia le Silesia. E ka beiseng e likhutlo li 'nè e phahamisitsoe ka mahlakore a mararo,' me mobu o nonne. Ho na le Thaba ea Krkonoše ka leboea, Thaba ea Sumava ka boroa, le sehlaba sa Czech-Moravian se nang le bophahamo bo bolelele ba limithara tse 500-600 ka bochabela le boroa-bochabela. Libaka tse ngata tsa beisine li ka tlase ho limithara tse 500 ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle, ho kenyeletsoa Labe River Plain, Pilsen Basin, Erzgebirge Basin le matša le mabopo a Czech a ka boroa. Noka ea Vltava ke e telele ka ho fetesisa ebile e phalla Prague. Elbe e tsoa Nokeng ea Labe naheng ea Czech Republic mme ea khona ho tsamaea ka sekepe. Sebaka sa phula ea bochabela ea Morava-Oder ke sebaka se lipakeng tsa Basin ea Czech le lithaba tsa Slovakia, se bitsoang Morava-Oder Corridor, mme esale e le tsela ea bohlokoa ea khoebo lipakeng tsa Leboea le Boroa ho Yuropa ho tloha mehleng ea khale. Naha e na le maralla, meru e teteaneng le botle ba naha. Naha e arotsoe ka libaka tse peli tsa libaka, e 'ngoe ke Bohemian Highlands ka halofo e ka bophirima, le Carpathian Mountains ka halofo e ka bochabela.E na le letoto la lithaba tsa bochabela-bophirima. Sebaka se phahameng ka ho fetisisa ke Gerrachovsky Peak bophahamong ba limithara tse 2655.

Boholo ba Satsuma bo thehiloe ka 623 AD. Ka 830 AD, Mmuso o Moholo oa Moravia o ile oa theoa, oa fetoha naha ea pele e neng e kenyelletsa MaCzech, Maslovak le merabe e meng ea Maslav ho bokana hammoho lipolotiking. Lekholong la borobong la lilemo AD, linaha tsa Czech le Slovak e ne e le karolo ea Mmuso oa Moravia. Mathoasong a lekholo la leshome la lilemo, Mmuso o Moholo oa Moravia o ile oa qhalana mme MaCzech a theha naha ea ona e ikemetseng, Czech Principality, e ileng ea reoa 'Muso oa Czech kamora lekholo la bo12 la lilemo. Lekholong la bo15 la lilemo, ho ile ha qhoma mokhelo oa phetohelo ea Hussite khahlano le Holy Holy See, puso ea borena ea Jeremane le puso ea bochaba. Ka 1620, 'Muso oa Czech o ile oa hloloa "Ntoeng ea Lilemo Tse Mashome a Mararo" mme ea e-ba puso ea Habsburgs. Serfdom e felisitsoe ka 1781. Kamora 1867, e ne e busoa ke Mmuso oa Austro-Hungary. Kamora Ntoa ea Pele ea Lefatše, Mmuso oa Austro-Hungary o ile oa putlama mme Rephabliki ea Czechoslovak e thehiloe ka Mphalane 28, 1918. Ho tloha ka nako eo, linaha tsa Czech le Slovak li ile tsa qala ho ba le naha ea tsona e tšoanang.

Ka la 9 Mots'eanong, Czechoslovakia e ile ea lokolloa ka thuso ea sesole sa Soviet mme ea khutlisa naha e tloaelehileng. Ka 1946, mmuso oa kopanelo o etelletsoeng pele ke Gottwald o thehiloe. Ka Phupu 1960, Lekhotla la Naha le ile la fetisa molao-motheo o mocha mme la fetola lebitso la naha eo ho la Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. Qalong ea Hlakubele 1990, lirephabliki tse peli tsa naha li ile tsa hlakola lebitso la "socialism" mme tsa li reha Czech Republic le Slovak Republic ka tatellano. Ka la 29 Hlakubele selemong sona seo, Paramente ea Federal Federal e nkile qeto ea ho reha lebitso la Czechoslovak Socialist Republic: Czechoslovak Federal Republic in Czech; Czech-Slovak Federal Republic e Slovak, ke hore, naha e le 'ngoe e na le mabitso a mabeli. Ho tloha ka la 1 Pherekhong 1993, Czech Republic le Slovakia li ile tsa fetoha linaha tse peli tse ikemetseng. Ka la 19 Pherekhong 1993, Kopano e Akaretsang ea Machaba a Kopaneng e ile ea amohela Czech Republic e le naha eo e leng setho.

Folakha ea naha: E khutlonnetsepa ka bolelele ba bolelele ho ea bophara ba 3: 2. E entsoe ka 'mala o moputsoa, ​​o mosoeu le o mofubelu. Ka ho le letšehali ho na le likhutlo li tharo tsa isosceles. Ka lehlakoreng le letona ho na le li-trapezoid tse peli tse lekanang, tse tšoeu ka holimo le tse khubelu ka tlase. Mebala e meraro ea 'mala o moputsoa, ​​o mosoeu le o mofubelu ke mebala ea setso sa batho ba maSlav. Toropo ea Czechs ke 'muso oa boholo-holo oa Bohemia.Muso ona o nka bofubelu le bosoeu e le mebala ea ona ea naha.Bosoeu bo emela khalalelo le bohloeki, hape bo supa ho phehella hoa batho khotso le khanya; bofubelu bo tšoantšetsa sebete le ho hloka tšabo. Moea o tšoantšetsa mali le tlholo ea batho bakeng sa boipuso, tokoloho le nala ea naha. Mmala o moputsoa o tsoa liaparong tsa pele tsa Moravia le Slovakia.

Rephabliki ea Czech e na le baahi ba limilione tse 10.21 (Mots'eanong 2004). Morabe o ka sehloohong ke Czech, e ikarabellang ho 81.3% ea baahi bohle ba Rephabliki ea Pele ea Merabe.Meloko e meng e kenyelletsa Moravian (13.2%), Slovak, Jeremane le palo e nyane ea Sepolishe. Puo ea semmuso ke Czech, 'me tumelo e kholo ke Roma e K'hatholike.

Rephabliki ea Czech qalong e ne e le sebaka sa indasteri sa Mmuso oa Austro-Hungary, mme 70% ea indasteri ea eona e ne e tsepamisitsoe mona. E laoloa ke tlhahiso ea mechini, lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa mochini, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, likepe, likoloi, likoloi tsa motlakase, lisebelisoa tsa tšepe, indasteri ea sesole le indasteri ea masela. Liindasteri tsa lik'hemik'hale le likhalase le tsona li ntlafalitsoe. Liaparo, ho etsa lieta le ho ritela biri kaofela li tumme lefatšeng ka bophara. Kamora Ntoa ea II ea Lefatše, moaho oa mantlha oa liindasteri o ile oa fetoloa, o shebane le nts'etsopele ea liindasteri tsa tšepe le tse boima. Indasteri e ikarabella ho 40% ea GDP (1999). Riphaboliki ea Czech ke moetsi le moreki oa biri haholo, mme sepheo sa eona se ka sehloohong sa kantle ho naha ke Slovakia, Poland, Jeremane, Austria le United States. Kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea biri ka 1996 e fihlile lilithara tse limilione tse likete tse 1,83. Ka 1999, tšebeliso ea biri ea motho ka mong Czech Republic e ile ea fihla lilithara tse 161.1, e leng lilithara tse 30 ho feta tsa Jeremane, naha e kholo e noang biri. Mabapi le ts'ebeliso ea biri ea motho ka mong, Czech Republic e se e le maemong a pele lefatšeng ka lilemo tse 7 tse latellanang. Indasteri ea likhokahanyo e hola ka potlako.Ho mafelong a 1998, sekhahla sa ho kenella ha mehala ea thekeng se ne se le haufi le 10%, mme palo ea basebelisi ba mehala ea thekeng e fihlile ho 930,000, e feta linaha tse ling tse tsoetseng pele tsa Bophirimela.

Metse e meholo

Prague: Prague, motse-moholo oa Czech Republic, ke o mong oa litoropo tse ntle ho fetisisa Europe. E na le nalane e telele ebile e hohela bahahlauli e tsebahalang lefatšeng ka bophara, e tsejoang e le "buka ea boqapi ba meralo ea kaho", mme e phatlalalitsoe e le lefa la setso la lefats'e ke Machaba a Kopaneng. Prague e bohareng ba Eurasia, ka mose ho mabopo a Noka ea Vltava, e leng molatsoana oa Noka ea Labe. Sebaka sa litoropo se ajoa maralleng a 7, a koahelang sebaka sa li-kilometara tsa 496 le baahi ba 1,098,855 (lipalo-palo ka Pherekhong 1996). Sebaka se tlaase ka ho fetisisa ke limithara tse 190 ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle, 'me ntlha e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ke limithara tse 380. Tlelaemete e na le mofuta o tloaelehileng oa kontinenteng, ka mocheso o tloaelehileng oa 19.5 ° C ka Phupu le -0.5 ° C ka Pherekhong.

Ka lilemo tse likete, karolo ea Noka ea Vltava moo Prague e leng teng e bile sebaka sa bohlokoa tseleng ea khoebo e lipakeng tsa Leboea le Boroa Europe. Ho ea ka tšōmo, Prague e thehiloe ke Mofumahali Libusch le monna oa hae, Premes, mothehi oa Premes Dynasty (800 ho isa 1306). Bolulo ba pele-pele setšeng sa hajoale sa Prague bo qalile halofo ea bobeli ea lekholo la borobong la lilemo, mme toropo ea Prague e hahiloe ka 928 AD. Ka 1170, borokho ba pele ba majoe bo hahiloe Nokeng ea Vltava. Ka 1230, lesika la Czech le thehile motse oa pele oa borena Prague. Ho tloha lekholong la bo13 ho isa ho la bo15 la lilemo, Prague e ile ea fetoha setsi sa bohlokoa moruong, lipolotiking le setsong sa Europe Bohareng. Ho tloha ka 1346 ho isa ho 1378, 'Muso o Halalelang oa Roma le Morena Charles IV oa Bohemia ba thehile motse-moholo Prague. Ka 1344, Charles IV o ile a laela hore ho hahuoe Kereke ea St. Vitus Cathedral (e phethetsoeng ka 1929), mme ka 1357 ho hahiloe Borokho ba Charles. Qetellong ea lekholo la bo14 la lilemo, Prague e ne e se e le o mong oa litoropo tsa bohlokoa Europe Bohareng 'me e ne e le boemong ba bohlokoa liphetohong tsa bolumeli ba Europe. Kamora 1621, e ile ea emisa ho ba motse-moholo oa 'Muso oa Roma. Ka 1631 le 1638, ma-Saxon le ma-Sweden a ile a hapa Prague ka tatellano, 'me a kena nakong ea ho putlama.

Prague e lika-likelitsoe ke lithaba le linoka 'me e na le libaka tse ngata tsa nalane. Meaho ea khale e eme mabopong a Noka ea Vltava, moleng o mong oa meaho ea Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance le Baroque. Meaho e mengata ea khale e tletse ka litora tse telele, e leng se etsang hore Prague e tsejoe e le "Motse oa Litora tse Sekete". Qetellong ea hoetla, moea oa litora tsa Huang Chengcheng o karolong ea moru oa lekhasi le mosehla o nang le leseli la khauta, mme toropo e bitsoa "Golden Prague". Seroki se tummeng Goethe o kile a re: "Prague ke eona ea bohlokoahali har'a meqhaka ea litoropo tse ngata tse khabisitsoeng joalo ka mabenyane."

Bophelo ba mmino oa lehae Kopano ea Prague ea Selemo e tummeng e tšoaroa selemo se seng le se seng. Sebaka sa boithabiso se na le moetlo o matla, o nang le liholo tsa boithabiso tse 15. Ho na le limusiamo tse ngata le litsi tsa bonono toropong, hape ho na le liemahale tsa semmuso tse fetang 1 700, joalo ka Kereke e ntle ea St. Vitus, Prague Palace e ntlehali, Charles Bridge e nang le boleng bo phahameng ba bonono le National Theater ea nalane ea nalane. Le Setsi sa pokello ea nalane ea Lenin.