Ethiopia, dzina lonse la Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, lili kudera lakum'mawa kwa Africa kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Nyanja Yofiira. Imadutsa Djibouti ndi Somalia kum'mawa, Sudan kumadzulo, Kenya kumwera ndi Eritrea kumpoto. Gawoli limakwirira dera lalikulu ma 1103600 ma kilomita. Gawoli limayang'aniridwa ndi mapiri, ambiri mwa iwo ndi a ku Ethiopia. Madera apakati ndi akumadzulo ndiwo gawo lalikulu lamapiri, omwe amakhala 2/3 m'gawo lonselo. Great Rift Valley imadutsa gawo lonselo ndikukwera pafupifupi mita 3000. Amadziwika kuti "Roof of Africa" . Kutentha kwapakati pachaka ndi 13 ℃. Kuphatikiza pa likulu la Addis Ababa, dzikolo lagawidwa m'maiko asanu ndi anayi ndi mafuko.

Ethiopia ndi dziko lakale lomwe lili ndi zaka 3000 zachitukuko. Pofika 975 BC, Menelik I adakhazikitsa Ufumu wa Nubia kuno. Kumayambiriro kwa AD, ufumu wa Aksum womwe udatuluka kuno nthawi ina unali malo achitetezo ku Africa. M'zaka za zana la 13 mpaka 16 AD, anthu achi Amharic adakhazikitsa ufumu wamphamvu waku Abyssinia. Atsamunda akumadzulo atalanda Africa m'zaka za zana la 15, Ethiopia idasandulika dziko la Britain ndi Italy. M'zaka za zana la 16, Portugal ndi Ufumu wa Ottoman zidalanda motsatana. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19 adagawika m'magulu angapo. Kuukira kwa Britain ku 1868. Italy idalowerera mu 1890 ndipo idalengeza kuti Egypt "yatetezedwa". Pa Marichi 1, 1896, gulu lankhondo laku Egypt lidagonjetsa gulu lankhondo laku Italiya.Mu Okutobala mchaka chomwecho, Italy idazindikira ufulu wodziyimira pawokha ku Egypt ndipo idathamangitsa atsamunda mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse. Mu Novembala 1930, Emperor wa ku Ethiopia Haile Selassie I adakhala pampando wachifumu. Dzinalo la Ethiopia lidatsegulidwa mwalamulo mu 1941. Mawuwa amatanthauza "dziko lomwe anthu owombedwa ndi dzuwa amakhala" m'Chigiriki chakale. Mu Seputembara 1974, Providenceal Military Administrative Committee idatenga maulamuliro ndikuchotsa amfumu. Mu Seputembala 1987, kukhazikitsidwa kwa Ethiopian People's Democratic Republic kudalengezedwa. Nkhondo yapachiweniweni inayamba ku Ethiopia mu 1988. Mu Meyi 1991, People's Revolutionary Democratic Front ya Ethiopia idalanda boma la Mengistu ndikukhazikitsa boma losintha mu Julayi chaka chomwecho. Mu Disembala 1994, Constituent Assembly idakhazikitsa lamulo latsopano. Pa Ogasiti 22, 1995, Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia idakhazikitsidwa.

Ethiopia ili ndi anthu 77.4 miliyoni (ziwerengero zovomerezeka mu 2005). Pali mitundu pafupifupi 80 mdziko muno, pomwe 54% ndi Oromo, 24% Amharic, ndi 5% Tigray. Ena akuphatikiza Afar, Somali, Gulag, Sidamo ndi Voletta. Amharic ndiye chilankhulo chogwira ntchito ku feduro, ndipo Chingerezi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Anthu 45% amakhulupirira Chisilamu, 40% amakhulupirira Athiopiya Orthodox, ndipo owerengeka amakhulupirira zipembedzo za Chiprotestanti, Katolika komanso zoyambirira.

Ethiopia ndi amodzi mwamayiko otukuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Ulimi ndi ziweto ndiye msana wachuma mdziko muno komanso ndalama zakunja zomwe zimalandira kudzera kunja, ndipo maziko ake ogulitsa mafakitale ndi osalimba. Wolemera minda yamchere ndi madzi. Ethiopia ili ndi chuma chambiri, ndimitsinje ndi nyanja zambiri m'derali, lomwe limadziwika kuti "East African Water Tower". Kuderali kuli mitsinje ndi nyanja zambiri.Mtsinje wa Blue Nile umayambira pano, koma magwiritsidwe ake ndi ochepera 5%. Egypt ndi amodzi mwamayiko omwe ali ndi chuma chambiri chotentha. Chifukwa cha kukokoloka kwa nthaka komanso kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, nkhalangoyi yawonongeka kwambiri. Magawo amakampani sanamalize, kapangidwe kake sikokwanira, magawo ake ndi zopangira zimatumizidwa kunja, ndipo mafakitale opanga ndi kukonza makamaka chakudya, chakumwa, nsalu, ndudu ndi zikopa. Kapangidwe kake sikokwanira, kokhazikika m'mizinda iwiri kapena itatu kuphatikiza likulu. Agriculture ndiwo msana wachuma mdziko muno komanso ndalama zomwe zimapeza kunja. Zakudya zazikuluzikulu ndi balere, tirigu, chimanga, manyuchi ndi teff wapadera ku Ethiopia. Teff ali ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndipo ali ndi wowuma wowuma.Ndicho chakudya chomwe amakonda kwambiri anthu aku Ethiopia. Zokolola zimaphatikizapo khofi, udzu wa chate, maluwa, mbewu zamafuta, ndi zina zambiri. Ethiopia ili ndi khofi wambiri ndipo ndi m'modzi mwa anthu 10 omwe amapanga khofi kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Zakudya zake zimakhala zachitatu ku Africa, ndipo zomwe amatumiza kunja ndi magawo awiri mwa atatu amisonkho yonse yotumiza kunja. Kuyambira 2005 mpaka 2006, Ethiopia idatumiza kunja matani a khofi okwana 183,000, okwana US $ 427 miliyoni. Ethiopia ili ndi malo odyetserako msipu ambiri, ndipo malo opitilira theka a dzikolo ndioyenera kudyetserako ziweto.Mu 2001, panali ziweto zokwana 130 miliyoni, zoyamba pamayiko aku Africa, ndipo phindu lake linali 20% ya GDP. Chuma chake chimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zokopa alendo, zokhala ndi zikhalidwe zambiri komanso malo osungira nyama zamtchire. Ethiopia ili ndi chuma chambiri chak zokopa alendo, zokhala ndi zikhalidwe zambiri komanso malo osungira nyama zamtchire. Mu 2001, alendo okwana 140,000 ochokera kumayiko ena adalandiridwa ndipo ndalama zakunja zinali madola 79 miliyoni aku US.

Chosangalatsa ndichakuti "muzu" wa khofi uli ku Ethiopia. Cha m'ma 900 AD, m'busa wina ku dera la Kafa ku Ethiopia akudya msipu kumapiri, adapeza kuti nkhosazo zikulimbana ndi mabulosi ofiira. Atatha kudya, nkhosayo idalumphira ndikuchita zachilendo. Chakudya choipa komanso kuda nkhawa usiku wonse. Chodabwitsa, gulu lankhosa linali lotetezeka komanso labwino tsiku lotsatira. Kupeza kosayembekezereka kumeneku kunapangitsa m'busa kuti asonkhanitse chipatso chamtchire ichi kuti athetse ludzu lake. Anamva kuti msuziwo ndi wonunkhira modabwitsa, ndipo anali wokondwa atamwa. Chifukwa chake adayamba kudzala chomera ichi, chomwe chidapanga ulimi wamasiku ano wa khofi wamkulu. Dzina la khofi limachokera ku njira ya khofi. Dera la Kafa lakhala likudziwika kuti "kwawo kwa khofi".

Addis Ababa : Addis Ababa, likulu la Ethiopia, lili m'chigwa chapakati. Pamtunda wa mamita 2350, ndi mzinda wapamwamba kwambiri mu Africa. Chiwerengero cha anthu chikuposa 3 miliyoni (ziwerengero zaku Egypt ku 2004). Likulu lake la African Union lili mumzinda uno. Zaka zopitilira zana zapitazo, malowa anali akadali chipululu Mkazi wa Menelik II Taito adamanga nyumba pafupi ndi kasupe wotentha kuno, monga chiyambi cha zomangamanga mzindawo, ndipo pambuyo pake adalola olemekezeka kupeza malo pano. Mu 1887, Menelik II adasamutsira likulu lake kuno. Malinga ndi ChiAmharic, Addis Ababa amatanthauza "mzinda wamaluwa atsopano" ndipo adapangidwa ndi Mfumukazi Taitu. Addis Ababa ili pamalo okwera mapiri ozunguliridwa ndi mapiri, ogawika magawo awiri malinga ndi malowo. Ngakhale kuti malowa ali pafupi ndi equator, nyengo imakhala yozizira ndipo nyengo zimakhala ngati kasupe, zokhala ndi nsonga zazitali komanso mapiri ozungulira mzindawo. Malo owoneka bwino akumatawuni ndi okongola, misewu imadutsa m'mapiri, ndipo misewu ili yodzaza ndi maluwa achilendo; mitengo ya bulugamu ili paliponse, yopyapyala komanso yopyapyala, yobiriwira komanso yobiriwira, yokhala ndi masamba otakataka, mtundu wake ndi chisanu pang'ono, ndipo umawoneka ngati nsungwi yokutidwa ndi hoarfrost. , Ndi malo owoneka bwino mumzinda uno.

Addis Ababa ndiye likulu lazachuma ku Ethiopia. Oposa theka la mabizinezi mdziko muno amakhala kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa mzindawu, ndipo madera akumwera ndi malo ogulitsa. Mumzindawu muli malo ogulitsa khofi. Ndi msewu wapamtunda komanso woyendetsa njanji, wokhala ndi maulendo olumikizana ndi mizinda yakunyumba ndi mayiko aku Africa, Europe ndi Asia.