Itiopiya, izita rakazara reFederal Democratic Republic yeEthiopia, iri pabani reEast Africa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweGungwa Dzvuku.Inogumira Djibouti neSomalia kumabvazuva, Sudan kumadokero, Kenya kumaodzanyemba neEritrea kuchamhembe. Iyo nharaunda inovhara nzvimbo ye1103600 mativi emakiromita. Iyo nharaunda inotongwa nenzvimbo dzemakomo, mazhinji acho ari eplate yeEthiopia. Nzvimbo dzepakati nekumadokero ndiyo chikamu chikuru chebani, rinotangira 2/3 yenharaunda yese.Great Rift Valley inomhanya nemudunhu rese nekukwira kwepakati pamamita angangoita 3000. Inozivikanwa se "Roof ye Africa" . Avhareji tembiricha yegore rega ndeye 13 ° C. Pamusoro peguta guru reAddis Ababa, nyika yakakamurwa kuita mapfumbamwe nyika nedzinza.

Etiopiya inyika yekare ine makore zviuru zvitatu zvebudiriro. Pakutanga sa975 BC, Menelik ini ndakamisa Humambo hweNubia pano. Pakutanga kweAD, humambo hweAksum hwakabuda pano hwaimbova nzvimbo yakakura yemagariro muAfrica. Muzana ramakore rechigumi nematatu negumi nematanhatu AD, vanhu vechiAmharic vakagadza humambo hweAbyssinia hwakasimba. Mushure mekunge vekuWestern colonists vapinda Africa muzana ramakore rechi15, Ethiopia yakaderedzwa ikava nyika yeBritain neItari. Muzana ramakore rechi 16, Portugal neUtoman Empire vakapinda mumwe mushure meumwe. Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi19 yakakamurwa kuita duchy dzinoverengeka. Kurwiswa kweBritain muna 1868. Italy yakapinda muna 1890 ndokuzivisa Egypt kuti "yakachengetedzwa". Musi waKurume 1, 1896, mauto eIjipita akakunda mauto eItari.MunaGumiguru wegore rimwe chetero, Italy yakaziva kuzvitonga kweEjipitori uye ikadzinga zvachose vekoloni muHondo Yenyika II. MunaNovember 1930, Mutongi weEthiopiya Haile Selassie I akakwira pachigaro. Zita reEthiopia rakavhurwa zviri pamutemo muna 1941. Zvinoreva "iyo nyika inogarwa nevanhu vakasvinwa nezuva" muchiGiriki chekare. MunaGunyana 1974, Provisional Military Administrative Committee yakatora masimba ndokubvisa humambo. MunaGunyana 1987, kumisikidzwa kweEthiopian People's Democratic Republic kwakaziviswa. Hondo yevagari vemo yakatanga muEthiopia muna 1988. Muna Chivabvu 1991, veEthiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front vakapidigura hutongi hweMengistu ndokumisikidza hurumende inoshanduka muna Chikunguru wegore rimwe chetero. Muna Zvita 1994, Constituent Assembly yakapa bumbiro idzva. PaAugust 22, 1995, iyo Federal Democratic Republic yeEthiopiya yakavambwa.

Itiyopiya ine huwandu hwemamiriyoni mazana manomwe nemakumi mana nenomwe (nhamba dzepamutemo muna2005). Kune angangoita makumi masere emadzinza munyika, ayo ma54% ari maOromo, 24% Amharic, uye 5% Tigray. Vamwe vanosanganisira maAfar, maSomalia, Gulag, Sidamo naVoletta. ChiAmharic ndiwo mutauro unoshanda weFederation, uye Chirungu chinowanzo shandiswa.Mitauro mikuru yenyika ndiOromo neTigray. 45% yevagari vanotenda muIslam, 40% vanotenda muEthiopia Orthodox, uye vashoma vanotenda muzvitendero zvePurotesitendi, Katurike uye zvekare.

Ethiopia ndeimwe yenyika dzisina kusimukira pasi rese.Urimi nekuchengetwa kwemhuka ndiwo musana wehupfumi hwenyika uye mari yekunze inowana kuburikidza nekutengesa kunze kwenyika, uye hwaro hwayo hwemaindasitiri hauna kusimba. Akapfuma mune zvicherwa uye zviwanikwa zvemvura. Ethiopia yakapfuma kwazvo mune zviwanikwa zvemvura, iine nzizi zhinji nemadhamu mudunhu rayo, uye inozivikanwa se "East African Water Tower". Kune nzizi zhinji nemadhamu mudunhu iri.Rwizi rweBlue Nile rwunotangira pano, asi mwero wekushandisa uri pasi pe5%. Egypt zvakare iri imwe yenyika dzine hupfumi hwakanyanya hwe geothermal zviwanikwa. Nekuda kwekukukurwa kwevhu uye kutemwa kwemapofu, sango rakakuvara zvakanyanya. Iwo maindasitiri emapato haana kukwana, chimiro hachina musoro, zvikamu uye mbishi zvigadzirwa zvinotengeswa kunze, uye maindasitiri ekugadzira nekugadzirisa ari kunyanya chikafu, chinwiwa, machira, midzanga uye dehwe. Urongwa hwacho hauna kukwana, hwakakomberedzwa mumaguta maviri kana matatu kusanganisira guta guru. Zvekurima ndiwo musimboti wehupfumi hwenyika pamwe nemari inowanikwa kunze kwenyika.Zvirimwa zvikuru zvekudya ibhari, gorosi, chibage, mhunga uye teff yakasarudzika kuEthiopiya. Teff ine zvidimbu zvidiki uye yakapfuma sisitimu.Ndicho chikafu chinodiwa nevanhu veEthiopiya. Zvirimwa zvemari zvinosanganisira kofi, chate huswa, maruva, zvirimwa zvemafuta, nezvimwe. Etiopia yakafuma pakofi uye ndeimwe yepamusoro gumi varimi vekofi pasi rese.Iyo inoburitsa iri pechitatu muAfrica, uye kuburitswa kwayo kunotora zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu zvemari yose inotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Kubva 2005 kusvika 2006, Ethiopia yakatengesa kunze matani mazana masere nemakumi matatu neshanu ekofi, yakakosha kuita US $ 427 miriyoni Ethiopia ine mafuro ehuswa mazhinji, uye inopfuura hafu yenyika yemunyika iyi inokodzera kumafuro.Muna 2001, paive nemamiriyoni zana nemakumi matatu emombe dzemombe, dzichitanga kuve pakati penyika dzemuAfrica, uye huwandu hwezvibereko hwaisvika makumi maviri kubva muzana yeGDP. Iyo yakafuma muzvivakwa zvekushanya, iine zvakawanda zvetsika zvisaririra uye mapaka emhuka dzesango. Etiopia yakafuma mune zvekushanya zviwanikwa, iine zvakawanda zvetsika zvisaririra uye mapaki emhuka dzesango. Muna 2001, chiuru chemazana nemazana mana ezviuru zvevashanyi vekunze vakagashirwa uye mari yekuchinjana kune dzimwe nyika yaive mamiriyoni makumi manomwe nemapfumbamwe emadhora ekuAmerica.

Chinhu chinonakidza - iyo "mudzi" wekofi iri muEthiopiya. Kuma 900 AD, apo mufudzi munzvimbo yeKafa yekuEthiopia aifura mumakomo, akaona kuti makwai aikwikwidza bheri tsvuku. Mushure mekudya, hwai dzakasvetuka dzikaita zvisina kujairika Mufudzi akafunga zvainge zvadyiwa nemakwai ake. Kudya kunokuvadza uye kunetseka usiku hwese. Zvinotoshamisa kuti boka remakwai rakanga rakachengeteka uye raive neruzha zuva raitevera. Kuwanikwa kusingatarisirwe uku kwakaita kuti mufudzi aunganidze muchero uyu wemusango kupedza nyota yake. Akanzwa kuti muto wainhuwirira zvinoshamisa, uye akafara kwazvo mushure mekunwa. Saka akatanga kudyara chirimwa ichi, icho chakagadzira yanhasi hombe-kurima kofi kurima. Zita rekofi rinotorwa kubva munzira yekofi. Nzvimbo yeKafa yagara ichinzi "kumusha kwekofi".

Addis Ababa : Guta guru reEthiopia, Addis Ababa (Addis Ababa) iri mumupata uri pakati pebani. Pakukwirira kwemamita 2350, ndiro guta rakakwirira kwazvo muAfrica. Huwandu hwevanhu hunopfuura mamirioni matatu (iwo mahofisi eEjipitori muna 2004). African Union ine mahofisi makuru muguta iri. Makore anodarika zana apfuura, nzvimbo ino yaive ichiri gwenga.Menelik II mudzimai waTaito akavaka imba padyo nechitsime chinopisa pano, sekutanga kwekuvakwa kweguta, uye akazobvumidza vanokudzwa kuwana nzvimbo pano. Muna 1887, Menelik II akatamisa zviri pamutemo guta rake guru pano. Maererano neAmharic, Addis Ababa zvinoreva "guta remaruva matsva" uye rakagadzirwa naMambokadzi Taitu. Addis Ababa iri pamusoro pechikomo chemakomo chakakomberedzwa nemakomo, chakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri maererano nemamiriro epamusoro. Kunyangwe iyo nyika iri padyo neequator, mamiriro ekunze anotonhorera uye mwaka wakaita senge chitubu, iine makomo asina kukwirira nemakomo akakomberedza guta. Nzvimbo dzinoyevedza dzemumaguta dzakanaka, migwagwa inoyerera nemakomo, uye migwagwa izere nemaruva asingazivikanwe; miti yeeucalyptus iri kwese kwese, yakatetepa uye yakatetepa, yakasvibira uye yakasvibira, ine mashizha akadonha mativi matatu, ruvara rwakatonhorwa nechando, uye rwunoita kunge bango rakafukidzwa nehoarfrost. , Ndiyo yakasarudzika nzvimbo yeguta rino.

Addis Ababa inzvimbo yehupfumi yeEthiopiya. Inopfuura hafu yemabhizinesi ari munyika akasungirirwa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweguta, uye nzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba nzvimbo dzemabhizimusi. Kune iro kofi yekutengesa nzvimbo mukati meguta. Iyo nzira huru uye njanji yekufambisa hub, ine ndege dzinobatanidza maguta epamba uye nyika muAfrica, Europe neAsia.