Finland, cikakken sunan Jamhuriyar Finland, ya mamaye yanki kilomita murabba'i 338,145. Tana cikin arewacin Turai, tana iyaka da Norway daga arewa, Sweden zuwa arewa maso yamma, Rasha ta gabas, Gulf of Finland zuwa kudu, da Gulf of Bothnia zuwa yamma ba tare da igiyar ruwa ba. Yankin ƙasa yana da tsawo a arewa kuma ƙasa da kudu. Tsaunukan Manselkiah na arewacin suna da mita 200-700 sama da matakin teku, ɓangaren tsakiya shine tsaunukan moraine na mita 200-300, kuma yankunan bakin teku filaye ne da ke ƙasa da mita 50 sama da matakin teku. Finland tana da albarkatun gandun daji sosai. Yankin dazuzzuka na kasar ya kai hekta miliyan 26, kuma yankin dajin kowane mutum ya kai hekta 5, wanda ke matsayi na biyu a duniya a duk fadin gandun dajin. Kashi 69% na ƙasar yana da dazuzzuka, yawan zangon sa ya kasance na farko a Turai kuma na biyu a duniya. Mafi yawan nau'ikan bishiyun sune dajin spruce, da pine da kuma bishiyar Birch.Jungle mai cike da furanni da 'ya'yan itace. Tafkin Saimaa da ke kudu ya mamaye murabba'in kilomita dubu 4,400 kuma shi ne tabki mafi girma a cikin Finland. Kogin Finnish suna haɗuwa da ƙananan hanyoyin ruwa, gajerun rafuka, da hanzari, don haka suna samar da hanyoyin ruwa da ke sadarwa da juna. Yankin ruwa na cikin ruwa ya kai kashi 10% na duk fadin kasar. Akwai kusan tsibirai 179,000 da tabkuna kusan 188,000. An san shi da "ƙasar tafkuna dubu". Yankin gabar tekun Finland yana da wahala, tsawonsa ya kai kilomita 1100. Arzikin albarkatun kifi. Thirdaya daga cikin uku na Finland yana cikin Yankin Arctic, kuma ɓangaren arewacin yana da yanayin sanyi mai yawan dusar ƙanƙara. A bangaren arewa, ba za a ga rana ba tsawon kwanaki 40-50 a cikin hunturu, kuma ana iya ganin rana ba dare ba rana daga karshen watan Mayu zuwa karshen Yulin a bazara. Tana da yanayi mai kyau na teku. Matsakaicin zazzabi shine -14 ° C zuwa 3 ° C a lokacin sanyi da 13 ° C zuwa 17 ° C a lokacin rani. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara shine 600 mm.

An kasa kasar zuwa larduna biyar da yanki mai cin gashin kansa, wadanda suka hada da: Kudancin Finland, Gabashin Finland, Yammacin Finland, Oulu, Labi da Åland.

Kimanin shekaru 9,000 da suka wuce, a ƙarshen shekarun kankara, kakannin Finn suka ƙaura zuwa nan daga kudu da kudu maso gabas. Kafin karni na 12, Finland lokaci ne na gama gari na gari. Ya zama ɓangare na Sweden a rabi na biyu na karni na 12 kuma ya zama sanadin Sweden a 1581. Bayan yakin Rasha da Sweden a shekara ta 1809, Rasha ta mamaye ta kuma ta zama Grand Duchy a karkashin mulkin Tsarist Russia.Har ila yau Tsar ya kasance Babban Duke na Finland. Bayan juyin juya halin a cikin Oktoba 1917, Finland ta ayyana 'yanci a ranar 6 ga Disamba na wannan shekarar kuma ta kafa jamhuriya a cikin 1919. Bayan yakin Finland-Soviet (wanda ake kira "Yakin hunturu" a cikin Finland) daga 1939 zuwa 1940, an tilasta wa Finland sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya tsakanin Finland da Soviet tare da tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, wacce ta ba da yankin ga Tarayyar Soviet. Daga 1941 zuwa 1944, Nazi Jamus ta kaiwa Soviet Union hari, kuma Finland ta shiga yaƙin Soviet Union (Finland da ake kira "ci gaba yaƙi"). A watan Fabrairun 1944, Finland, a matsayinta na ƙasar da ta sha kaye, ta sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya ta Paris tare da Tarayyar Soviet da sauran ƙasashe. A watan Afrilu na shekarar 1948, aka sanya hannu kan "yarjejeniyar sada zumunci, hadin kai da taimakon juna" tare da Tarayyar Soviet. Bayan Yakin Cacar Baki, Finland ta shiga Tarayyar Turai a 1995.

Tutar kasa: Yanada murabba'i mai kusurwa huɗu zuwa faɗin 18:11. Tutar kasa tayi fari. Falo mai faɗi mai launin shuɗi mai faɗi a gefen hagu ya raba fuskar tuta zuwa fararen murabba'i huɗu. An san Finland da cewa "ƙasar tafkuna dubu". Tana iyaka da Tekun Baltic a kudu maso yamma. Shuɗi kan tutar yana nuna tabkuna, koguna da tekuna; ɗayan kuma yana wakiltar sararin shuɗi. Kashi daya bisa uku na yankin kasar Finland yana cikin Yankin Arctic Circle.Yana cikin sanyi .. Farar da ke cikin tuta alamar kasar da dusar ƙanƙara ta rufe. Gicciye akan tutar yana nuna alaƙar kusanci tsakanin Finland da sauran ƙasashen Nordic a tarihi. An yi tutar a wajajen 1860 bisa ga shawarar mawaƙin ɗan ƙasar Finland Tocharis Topelius.

Finland tana da yawan jama'a kusan miliyan 5.22 (2006). Yawancin mutanen suna zaune ne a kudancin ƙasar inda yanayi bai da sauƙi. Daga cikin su, kabilun kasar Finland sun kai kaso 92.4%, ‘yan kasar Sweden sun kai kashi 5,6%, da kuma wasu‘ yan tsirarun Sami (wanda aka fi sani da Lapps). Harsunan hukuma sune Finnish da Yaren mutanen Sweden. 84.9% na mazauna sun yi imani da addinin kirista na Lutheranism, kashi 1.1% sun yi imani da Cocin Orthodox.

Finland tana da wadataccen albarkatu na gandun daji, kashi 66.7% na kasar yana da dazuzzuka masu danshi, wanda hakan ya sa Finland ta kasance mafi girman adadin yawan dazuzzuka a Turai kuma na biyu a duniya, tare da mamaye gandun daji na kowane mutum mai girman kadada 3.89. Albarkatun gandun daji sun baiwa Finland suna na "kore vault". Masana'antar sarrafa itace, aikin sarrafa takardu da masana'antun injunan gandun daji sun zama kashin bayan tattalin arzikinta kuma suna da matakin jagoranci a duniya. Kasar Finland itace kasa ta biyu mafi girma a duniya wajen fitar da takardu da kwali sannan kuma ta hudu a jerin masu fitar da kashin litattafai. Kodayake ƙasar Finnish karama ce, tana da banbanci sosai. Bayan Yaƙin Duniya na II, Finland ta dogara da masana'antar gandun daji da masana'antar ƙarfe don zama ƙasa mai ƙarfi. Domin daidaitawa da ci gaban tattalin arzikin kasa da kasa, Finland ta daidaita dabarun bunkasa tattalin arziki da fasaha a cikin lokaci don fasahohinta da kayan aikinta a fannonin makamashi, sadarwa, ilmin halitta da kare muhalli suna cikin matsayi na gaba a duniya. Finland tana da ingantacciyar masana'antar ba da bayanai kuma ba kawai an san ta ne don kasancewar mafi wayewar zamantakewar al'umma a duniya ba, amma har ila yau tana cikin mafi kyau a cikin ƙimar gasa ta duniya. Jimillar kuɗin cikin gida a shekarar 2006 sun kai dalar Amurka biliyan 171.733, kuma ƙimar kowane ɗan ƙasa ya kai dala 32,836. A shekarar 2004, taron tattalin arzikin duniya a shekarar 2004/2005 ya sanya kasar “kasar da ta fi kowace kasa gasa a duniya”.

Helsinki: Helsinki, babban birnin Finland, yana kusa da Tekun Baltic.Wannan birni ne na kyawawan halaye da wayewar zamani. Ba wai kawai yana nuna jin daɗin soyayyar tsohuwar Turai ba ce, amma kuma cike take da manyan biranen duniya. Fara'a. A lokaci guda, birni ne na lambu inda ake haɗakar da gine-ginen birane da shimfidar yanayi. Dangane da gabar teku, ko ruwan yana da shuɗi a lokacin rani ko kuma kankara mai iyo a cikin hunturu, wannan tashar tashar jiragen ruwa koyaushe tana da kyau da tsabta, kuma duniya tana yaba ta a matsayin "daughteriyar Tekun Baltic."

An kafa Helsinki a 1550 kuma ya zama babban birnin Finland a 1812. Yawan jama'ar Helsinki ya kai kimanin miliyan 1.2 (2006), wanda ya kai sama da kashi ɗaya cikin biyar na yawan mutanen Finland. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran biranen Turai, Helsinki birni ne mai saurayi wanda ke da tarihin shekaru 450 kawai, amma gine-ginenta sun haɗu da al'adun gargajiya na gargajiya da kuma yanayin zamani. An rarraba gine-ginen launuka iri-iri a kowace kusurwa ta cikin birni.A cikin su, ba za ku iya ganin kyawawan ayyukan "Neo-Classic" da "Art Nouveau" kawai ba, har ma ku ji daɗin zane-zane da wuraren tituna cike da ƙanshin Nordic, wanda ke sa mutane su ji. Kyakkyawan natsuwa kyakkyawa.

Mafi shahararrun gine-ginen Helsinki shine babban cocin Helsinki da gine-ginensa masu launin rawaya neoclassical a dandalin majalisar dattijai a cikin gari. Kogin Kudu da ke kusa da babban coci tashar ruwa ce ta manyan jiragen ruwa na duniya. An gina Fadar Shugaban Kasa da ke gefen arewa na Kudu Pier a shekarar 1814. Fadar Tsar ce a karkashin mulkin Tsarist Russia kuma ta zama Fadar Shugaban Kasa bayan da Finland ta samu 'yencin kai a shekarar 1917. Ginin Helsinki City Hall da ke yamma da Fadar Shugaban Kasa an gina shi ne a 1830, kuma kamanninta har yanzu yana riƙe da asalin sa. Akwai kasuwar kyauta a bude a duk shekara a dandalin Kudancin Wharf. Masu siyarwa suna sayar da sabbin 'ya'yan itace, kayan marmari, kifi da furanni, da kayan gargajiya iri daban-daban da kayan kwalliya irin su wukake na Finland, fatun dawa da kayan kwalliya. Wuri.