Finland, izere zita reRepublic of Finland, inovhara nzvimbo inosvika makiromita makiromita mazana matatu ane makumi masere nemakumi masere nemashanu. Inowanikwa kuchamhembe kweEurope, ichiganhurana neNorway kuchamhembe, Sweden kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, Russia kumabvazuva, Gulf yeFinland kumaodzanyemba, uye Gulf yeBothnia kumadokero isina mafungu. Nzvimbo yacho yakakwira kuchamhembe uye yakadzika kumaodzanyemba. Makomo ekumusoro eManselkiah ari 200-700 metres pamusoro pegungwa, chikamu chepakati chiri 200-300 metres moraine makomo, uye nzvimbo dzemahombekombe mapani ari pasi pemamita makumi mashanu pamusoro pegungwa. Finland ine zviwanikwa zvemasango zvakapfuma kwazvo. Nzvimbo yemasango epasi iri mahekita emamirioni makumi maviri nematanhatu, uye ivhu remusango per capita mahekita mashanu, iri pachinzvimbo chechipiri pasi rese pasango. 69% yenyika yenyika yakafukidzwa nesango, chiyero chayo chekutanga chinowanikwa muEurope uye chechipiri pasirese. Mazhinji emiti yemiti masango emupruce, sango repine uye sango re birch.Sango rakakora rizere nemaruva nemaabriji. Lake Saimaa kumaodzanyemba inovhara nzvimbo yemakiromita mazana mana nemazana mana emakiromita uye ndiro dziva hombe muFinland. Nyanza dzeFinland dzakabatana nemigwagwa yakamanikana, nzizi pfupi, uye rapid, nokudaro ichigadzira nzira dzemvura dzinotaurirana. Iyo inland mvura nzvimbo inoverengera 10% yenzvimbo yakazara yenyika. Kune zvitsuwa zvinosvika zana nemakumi manomwe nezviuru nezviuru zvingangosvika zviuru mazana masere nemazana masere.Inozivikanwa se "nyika yemakungwa chiuru". Mhenderekedzo yegungwa yeFinland inotyisa, makiromita 1100 kureba. Hupfumi hupfumi zviwanikwa. Chikamu chimwe muzvitatu cheFinland chiri muArctic Circle, uye chikamu chekuchamhembe chine kutonhora kwemamiriro okunze nechando chakawanda. Muchikamu chekuchamhembe zvakanyanya, zuva harigone kuoneka kwemazuva makumi mana kusvika makumi mashanu munguva yechando, uye zuva rinogona kuoneka masikati neusiku kubva kupera kwaMay kusvika kupera kwaJuly muzhizha. Iyo ine yakadzikama yegungwa mamiriro ekunze. Avhareji tembiricha iri -14 ° C kusvika 3 ° C munguva yechando uye 13 ° C kusvika 17 ° C muzhizha.Mvura yepakati pagore inonaya ndeye 600 mm.

Nyika yakakamurwa kuva matunhu mashanu uye nharaunda imwe yakazvimiririra, inoti: Maodzanyemba eFinland, Eastern Finland, Western Finland, Oulu, Labi ne Åland.

Makore anosvika zviuru zvisere apfuura, pakupera kwenguva yechando, madzitateguru evaFinns akatamira pano kubva kumaodzanyemba nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Asati asvika zana ramakore regumi nembiri, Finland yaive nguva yerudzi rwekutanga nzanga. Yakava chikamu cheSweden muhafu yepiri yezana regumi nemaviri uye ikava duchy yeSweden muna 1581. Mushure mehondo dzeRussia neSweden muna 1809, yakatorwa neRussia ikava duchy guru pasi pehutongi hweTsarist Russia.Tsar akashandawo saGreat Duke weFinland. Mushure mechimurenga muna Gumiguru 1917, Finland yakazivisa rusununguko muna Zvita 6 wegore rimwechete ndokusimbisa republic muna 1919. Mushure mehondo yeFinland-Soviet (inonzi "Hondo Yemuchando" muFinland) kubva muna 1939 kusvika 1940, Finland yakamanikidzwa kusaina Chibvumirano cheFinnish-Soviet neSain Union, iyo yakapa nzvimbo kuSoviet Union. Kubva muna 1941 kusvika 1944, Nazi Germany yakarwisa Soviet Union, uye Finland yakapinda muhondo yekurwisa Soviet Union (Finland inonzi "kuenderera mberi kwehondo"). Muna Kukadzi 1944, Finland, senyika yakakundwa, yakasaina Chibvumirano cheParis nerunyararo neSoviet Union nedzimwe nyika. Muna Kubvumbi 1948, "Chibvumirano cheUshamwari, Kubatana uye Kubatsirana" chakasainwa neSoviet Union. Mushure meCold War, Finland yakabatana neEuropean Union muna 1995.

Mureza wenyika: Iyo yakakomberedzwa ine chiyero chehurefu kusvika paupamhi hwe18: 11. Mureza pasi wachena. Iyo yakatetepa yebhuruu yakaita-tambo tambo kuruboshwe kuruboshwe inoparadzanisa mureza kumeso mana machena machena. Finland inozivikanwa se "nyika yemakungwa ane chiuru". Yakatarisana neGungwa reBaltic kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero. Bhuruu riri pamureza rinomirira makungwa, nzizi nemakungwa; imwe inomiririra denga rebhuruu. Chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chenharaunda yeFinland chiri muArctic Circle.Mamiriro ekunze anotonhora.Iye chena pamureza inomiririra nyika yakafukidzwa nesinou. Muchinjikwa pamureza unoratidza hukama hwepedyo pakati peFinland nedzimwe nyika dzeNordic munhoroondo. Mureza wakagadzirwa kwakatenderedza 1860 zvichibva pane zvakataurwa nemudetembi wechiFinland Tocharis Topelius.

Finland ine huwandu hwevanhu vangangoita mamirioni 5.22 (2006). Vazhinji vevagari vanogara kunzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba kwenyika uko mamiriro ekunze ari akapfava. Pakati pavo, dzinza reFinland rakapa 92,4%, rudzi rweSweden rwakawana 5.6%, uye vashoma veSami (vanozivikanwa seLapps). Mitauro yepamutemo ndeyeFinnish neSweden. 84.9% yevagari vanotenda muChristian Lutheranism, 1.1% vanotenda muOrthodox Church.

Finland yakafuma zvakanyanya musango zviwanikwa, 66.7% yenyika yakafukidzwa nemasango akasvibira, zvichiita kuti Finland ive sango rakakura kwazvo rekufukidza masango muEurope uye yechipiri pasirese, iine munhu mumwechete anogara masango e3.89 mahekita. Zvakawanda masango zviwanikwa zvinopa Finland mukurumbira we "green vault". Kugadzirwa kwehuni kweFinland, kugadzira mapepa uye michina yemasango maindasitiri ave musana wehupfumi hwayo uye iine nyika inotungamira. Finland ndiyo yechipiri mukutengesa pepa nemakadhibhodhi yepasi rose uye yechina kuburitsa kunze kwepurp. Kunyangwe nyika yeFinland idiki, yakasarudzika kwazvo. Mushure meHondo Yenyika II, Finland yakavimba neindasitiri yemasango uye indasitiri yesimbi kuti ive nyika ine simba. Kuti ienderane nekusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika dzepasi rose, Finland yakagadzirisa hurongwa hwayo hwekuvandudza hupfumi uye tekinoroji nenzira yakakodzera, kuti tekinoroji nemidziyo muminda yesimba, kutaurirana, bhayoroji uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza zviri munzvimbo inotungamira pasirese. Finland ine indasitiri yeruzivo yakanyatsogadziriswa uye haizi kuzivikanwa chete kunge iri ruzivo ruzivo kwazvo pasirese, asi zvakare iri pakati pezvakanakisa pamakwikwi epasirese epasi rese kukwikwidza. Chigadzirwa chepasi rose muna 2006 chaive US $ 171.733 bhiriyoni, uye mutengo wega wega waive US $ 32,836. Muna 2004, Finland yakanzi "Nyika Inokwikwidza Kwazvo Pasi Pose" neWorld Economic Forum muna 2004/2005.

Helsinki: Helsinki, guta guru reFinland, riri padyo neGungwa reBaltic. Iri iguta rerunako rwechinyakare uye budiriro yemazuva ano. Charm. Panguva imwecheteyo, iro iguta regindu uko dhizaini dhizaini uye zvakasikwa nzvimbo zvakasanganiswa zvine hungwaru. Pakatarisana nehuremo hwegungwa, kunyangwe iro gungwa riri rebhuruu muzhizha kana kutenderera kwechando kuri kuyangarara munguva yechando, guta iri rechiteshi rinogara richitaridzika serakanaka uye rakachena, uye rinorumbidzwa nenyika se "mwanasikana weGungwa reBaltic."

Helsinki yakavambwa mu1550 uye ikava guta guru reFinland mu1812. Vagari vemuHelsinki vangangoita mamirioni 1.2 (2006), vachiverengera inopfuura chikamu chimwe muzvishanu chehuwandu hwehuwandu hweFinland. Inofananidzwa nemamwe maguta eEuropean, Helsinki iguta diki rine nhoroondo yemakore mazana mana chete, asi zvivakwa zvake musanganiswa wetsika dzerudo rwekunyika uye fashoni yazvino. Izvo zvivakwa zvine mavara zvakagoverwa mukona dzese dzeguta.Pakati pavo, haugone chete kuona hunyanzvi hwe "Neo-Classic" uye "Art Nouveau", asi zvakare unakidzwa nezvivezwa uye zviitiko zvemumigwagwa zvakazara nekunaka kweNordic, izvo zvinoita kuti vanhu vanzwe Runako runoshamisa runyararo.

Helsinki inonyanya kuzivikanwa chivakwa chivakwa ndiyo Helsinki Cathedral uye yakapoteredzwa yero yero neoclassical zvivakwa paSenate Square mukati meguta. Maodzanyemba Wharf padhuze nechedhedral chiteshi chengarava huru dzepasi rose. Iyo Presidential Palace iri padivi rekuchamhembe kweSouth Pier yakavakwa muna 1814. Yaive imba yamambo yeTsar pasi pehutongi hweTsarist Russia uye ikava Presidential Palace mushure mekunge Finland yasununguka mu1917. Iyo Helsinki Guta Horo chivakwa kumadokero kwePresidential Palace yakavakwa muna 1830, uye kutaridzika kwayo kuchiri nekuchengetedza chitarisiko chayo chepakutanga. Kune musika wepachena usingavhurike gore rese kutenderera kuSouth Wharf Square.Vatengesi vanotengesa michero mitsva, miriwo, hove nemaruva, pamwe neakasiyana echinyakare ehunyanzvi uye zviyeuchidzo senge mapanga eFinland, matehwe ereindeer uye zvishongo. Nzvimbo.