Gabon, izina ryuzuye rya Repubulika ya Gabon, iherereye muri Afrika yo hagati n’iburengerazuba, hamwe na ekwateri yambukiranya igice cyo hagati n’inyanja ya Atalantika iburengerazuba. Irahana imbibi na Kongo (Brazzaville) mu burasirazuba no mu majyepfo, kandi ihana imbibi na Kameruni na Gineya ya Ekwatoriya mu majyaruguru. Inkombe z'inyanja zifite uburebure bwa kilometero 800. Inkombe ni ikibaya, gifite umusenyi, lagoons n'ibishanga mu gice cyamajyepfo, n’imisozi ireba inyanja mu gice cy’amajyaruguru. Imbere mu gihugu ni ikibaya gifite uburebure bwa metero 500-800. Umusozi wa Ibnji ufite uburebure bwa metero 1.575, ahantu hirengeye mu gihugu. Umugezi wa Ogoway unyura ku butaka bwose kuva iburasirazuba ugana iburengerazuba. Ifite ikirere gisanzwe cyamashyamba yimvura ifite ubushyuhe bwinshi nimvura umwaka wose, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa buri mwaka bwa 26 ℃. Gabon ikungahaye ku mutungo w’amashyamba. Agace k’amashyamba gafite 85% by’ubutaka bw’igihugu. Azwi nka "Igihugu cy’icyatsi na zahabu" muri Afurika.

Igihugu kigabanyijemo intara 9 (estuary, Ogooue-Maritime, Nyanga, Ogooue Central, Ogooue, Ogooue-Lolo, Ogooue Intara ya Wei-Yvindo, Intara ya Ngouni, n'Intara ya Walle-Entem), iyobowe na leta 44, intara 8 n'imijyi 12.

Mu kinyejana cya 12 nyuma ya Yesu, abaturage ba Bantu bimukiye mu burasirazuba bwa Afurika bajya i Gabon maze bashinga ubwami bw’amoko ku mpande zombi z'umugezi wa Ogoway. Abanya Portigale baje bwa mbere ku nkombe za Gabon gucuruza imbata mu kinyejana cya 15. Buhoro buhoro Ubufaransa bwateye mu kinyejana cya 18. Kuva mu 1861 kugeza 1891 ifasi yose yigaruriwe n'Ubufaransa. Mu 1910, yashyizwe mu turere tune two muri Afurika y'Abafaransa. Mu 1911, Ubufaransa bwimuye Gabon n'utundi turere tune mu Budage, Gabon asubira mu Bufaransa nyuma y'intambara ya mbere y'isi yose. Mu ntangiriro za 1957 yabaye "repubulika yigenga". Mu 1958 yabaye "repubulika yigenga" muri "Umuryango w’Abafaransa". Ubwigenge bwatangajwe ku ya 17 Kanama 1960, ariko bwagumye muri "Umuryango w’Abafaransa".

Ibendera ry'igihugu: Ni urukiramende rufite igipimo cy'uburebure n'ubugari bwa 4: 3. Kuva hejuru kugeza hasi, igizwe nibice bitatu bibangikanye urukiramende rwicyatsi, umuhondo nubururu. Icyatsi kigereranya umutungo mwinshi w’amashyamba. Gabon izwi nk "igihugu cyibiti" na "icyatsi na zahabu"; umuhondo ugereranya urumuri rwizuba; ubururu bugereranya inyanja.

Abaturage barenga miliyoni 1.5 (2005). Ururimi rwemewe ni Igifaransa. Indimi z'igihugu zirimo Fang, Miyene, na Batakai. Abaturage bemera ko Gatolika bangana na 50%, bemera ubukirisitu bw'abaporotesitanti bangana na 20%, bemera ko Islam ari 10%, abasigaye bemera idini rya mbere.

Urutonde nkigihugu cyonyine "cyinjiza hagati" muri Afrika ivuga Igifaransa. Ubukungu bwateye imbere vuba nyuma y'ubwigenge. Inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli zateye imbere byihuse, kandi inganda zitunganya ubuhinzi n’ubuhinzi bifite umusingi udakomeye. Ibikomoka kuri peteroli, manganese, uranium n'ibiti byahoze ari inkingi enye z'ubukungu. Gabon ikungahaye ku bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Ni igihugu cya gatatu mu bihugu bitanga peteroli muri Afurika y'Abirabura, kandi ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga biva mu mahanga birenga 50% bya GDP. Ibigega bya peteroli byagaragaye ko bishobora kugarurwa ni toni miliyoni 400. Ubutare bwa manganese ni toni miliyoni 200, bingana na 25% by’ibigega by’isi, biza ku mwanya wa kane, ndetse n’umwanya wa gatatu ku isi mu bicuruzwa n’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga. Gabon izwi nkigihugu cyamashyamba, gifite amashyamba meza nubwoko bwinshi. Ubuso bw’amashyamba ni hegitari miliyoni 22, bingana na 85% byubutaka bwigihugu, naho ibiti by’ibiti bigera kuri metero kibe miliyoni 400, biza ku mwanya wa gatatu muri Afurika.

Inganda zicukura amabuye y'agaciro ni urwego nyamukuru rw'ubukungu rwa Gabon. Ibikomoka kuri peteroli byatangiye gutezwa imbere mu ntangiriro ya za 1960. 95% bya peteroli byoherejwe mu mahanga.Ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga bingana na 41% bya GDP, 80% by’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, na 62% by’amafaranga yinjira mu gihugu. Inganda nyamukuru zirimo gushonga peteroli, gutunganya ibiti no gutunganya ibiryo. Iterambere ry'ubuhinzi n'ubworozi riratinda.Ibinyampeke, inyama, imboga n'amagi ntibihagije, kandi 60% by'ingano bigomba gutumizwa mu mahanga. Ubuso bwubutaka bwo guhingwa buri munsi ya 2% yubutaka bwigihugu, naho abaturage bo mucyaro bangana na 27% byabaturage bigihugu. Ibicuruzwa byingenzi byubuhinzi ni imyumbati, igihingwa, ibigori, yam, taro, kakao, ikawa, imboga, reberi, amavuta yintoki, nibindi. Yohereza cyane cyane peteroli, ibiti, manganese na uranium; itumiza cyane cyane ibiryo, ibicuruzwa byinganda byoroheje, imashini nibikoresho. Abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu bucuruzi ni ibihugu by’iburengerazuba nk’Ubufaransa.