Iceland, lebitso le felletseng la Rephabliki ea Iceland, le bophara ba lisekoere-k'hilomithara tse 103,000. Ke naha e ka bophirima ho fetisisa Europe, e bohareng ba Leoatle la Atlantic Leboea, haufi le Arctic Circle, e boholo ba lisekoere-k'hilomithara tse 8000 mme ke sehlekehleke sa bobeli se seholo ho fetisisa Europe. Lebopo la leoatle le bolelele ba lik'hilomithara tse 4970. Likota tse tharo tsa sebaka sohle ke sehlaba se nang le bophahamo ba limithara tse 400-800, tseo karolo ea borobeli ho tsona e koahetsoeng ke maqhoqhoane. Ho na le lithaba tse fetang 100 tse foqohang seretse se chesang, ho kenyelletsa le tse fetang 20 tse foqohang seretse se chesang. Warnadalshenuk seretse se chesang ke tlhoro e phahameng ka ho fetisisa naheng, e bophahamo ba limithara tse 2119. Hoo e batlang e le naha eohle ea Iceland e hahiloe holim'a mafika a seretse se chesang. Karolo e kholo ea mobu e ke ke ea lengoa.E na le liliba tse chesang haholo lefatšeng, ka hona e bitsoa naha ea leqhoa le mollo. Ho na le liliba tse ngata, liphororo, matša le linoka tse potlakileng.Noka e kholohali, Noka ea Syuersao, e bolelele ba lik'hilomithara tse 227. Iceland e na le boemo ba leholimo bo batang ba leoatle bo sa fetoheng. Ka lebaka la tšusumetso ea Gulf Stream, e bobebe ho feta libaka tse ling tse sebakeng se le seng. Khanya ea lehlabula e telele, khanya ea letsatsi ea mariha e khutšoane haholo. Aurora e ka bonoa ka hoetla le mathoasong a mariha.

Naha e arotsoe ka liprofinse tse 23, bomasepala ba 21 le liparishe tse 203.

Qetellong ea lekholo la bo8 la lilemo, baitlami ba Maaerishe ba qala ho fallela Iceland. Karolong ea bobeli ea lekholo la bo9 la lilemo, Norway e ile ea qala ho fallela Iceland. Paramente le Federation of Iceland li thehiloe ka 930 AD. Ka 1262, Iceland le Norway li ile tsa saena tumellano, 'me matona a Iceland e ne e le a Norway. Ka 1380 Bing le Norway ba ne ba le tlasa taolo ea Danish. Boikemisetso ba kahare bo fumanoeng ka 1904. Ka 1918, Bingdan o ile a saena molao oa koporasi o reng Bing ke naha e ipusang, empa litaba tsa kantle ho naha li ntse li laoloa ke Denmark. Ho 1940, Denmark e ne e hapiloe ke Jeremane mme kamano lipakeng tsa Bingdan le Dan e ile ea emisoa. Selemong sona seo, mabotho a Borithane a ile a lula leqhoeng, 'me selemong se latelang mabotho a Amerika a nkela mabotho a Borithane leqhoeng. Ka la 16 Phuptjane, 1944, Lekhotla la Ice le phatlalalitse semmuso ho felisoa ha Ice Dan Alliance, mme Rephabliki ea Iceland e thehiloe ka la 17. O ile a ikopanya le Machaba a Kopaneng ka 1946 mme ea eba setho sa NATO ka 1949.

Folakha ea naha: E khutlonnetsepa ka bolelele ba bolelele ho ea bophara ba 25:18. Lebala la folakha le leputsoa, ​​'me lifapano tse khubelu le tse tšoeu li arola folakha likotoana tse' ne: likarolo tse peli tse putsoa tse lekanang le likhutlo tse peli tse putsoa tse lekana Buluu bo emela leoatle 'me bosoeu bo emela lehloa. Mala o moputsoa le o mosoeu ke mebala ea naha ea Iceland, e bonts'ang litšobotsi tsa tikoloho ea tlhaho ea Iceland, ke hore, leholimong le leputsoa le leoatleng, "naha ea leqhoa" -Iceland. Iceland esale e le sebaka sa Norway ho tloha ka 1262 mme e ne e le tlasa taolo ea Danish lekholong la 14. Ka hona, sebopeho sa sefapano folakha se tsoa mofuteng oa folakha ea Denmark, se bontšang kamano lipakeng tsa Iceland le Norway le Denmark nalaneng ea Iceland.

Iceland e na le baahi ba 308,000 (2006). Boholo ba bona ke Maiceland ebile ke ba leloko la Majeremane. Seiceland ke puo ea molao, 'me Senyesemane ke puo e tloaelehileng. Baahi ba 85.4% ba lumela ho Bokreste ba Luthere.

Litlhapi ke mokokotlo oa moruo, mme indasteri e laoloa ke indasteri e sebelisang matla a mangata joalo ka ts'ebetso ea litlhapi le ho qhibilihisa aluminium. Ho itšetleha haholo ka khoebo ea kantle ho naha. Litlhapi, paballo ea metsi le mehloli e futhumatsang mocheso li ngata, le lisebelisoa tse ling tsa tlhaho lia haella Lihlahisoa tse kang peteroliamo li hloka ho tlisoa kantle ho naha. Bokhoni ba selemo le selemo ba ho fehla motlakase ka metsi bo ka ntlafatsoang ke li-kWh tse limilione tse likete tse 64, 'me matla a selemo le selemo a fehloang ke matla a fehloang ke mocheso a ka fihla ho 7.2 billion kWh. Motheo oa liindasteri ha o na matla. Ntle le liindasteri tse bobebe tse kang ho etsa lihlahisoa tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi le ho loha, liindasteri li laoloa ke indasteri e sebelisang matla haholo joalo ka ho qhibilihisoa ha aluminium. Litlhapi ke indasteri ea litšiea moruong oa naha oa Iceland.Mefuta e meholo ea litlhapi ke capelin, cod le herring.Lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa ho ts'oasa lihlapi li romeloa kantle ho naha, 'me thepa ea lihlapi e romelloa kantle ho 70% ea thepa eohle e rekisoang kantle ho naha. Likepe tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa Iceland li hlometse hantle 'me theknoloji ea eona ea ho sebetsana le litlhapi ke moetapele oa lefatše. E sebakeng se phahameng haholo le khanya e tlase ea letsatsi.Lipolasi tse 'maloa feela ka boroa li hlahisa lithane tse 400 ho isa ho tse 500 tsa lijalo ka selemo. Sebaka sa mobu o lemehang ke li-kilomitara tse sekete tsa 1,000, e ikarabellang ho 1% ea sebaka sohle sa naha. Ho rua liphoofolo ho maemong a maholo, mme boholo ba mobu oa temo o sebelisoa e le makhulo a furu. Liindasteri tse tsamaeang joalo ka ho ohla le ho qhibilihisa boea li ntlafalitsoe. Nama, lebese le mahe ha li khone ho itšepa, 'me ha e le hantle lijo-thollo, meroho le litholoana li romeloa kantle ho naha. Tlhahiso ea tamati le likomkomere e lenngoeng matlong a polokelo e ka fihlela 70% ea ts'ebeliso ea lapeng. Indasteri ea litšebeletso e maemong a bohlokoa moruong oa naha, ho kenyeletsoa khoebo, banka, inshorense le litšebeletso tsa sechaba.Boleng ba eona ba tlhahiso bo ikarabella hoo e ka bang halofo ea GDP, mme palo ea basebetsi e ikarabella ho feta karolo ea bobeli borarong ea basebetsi bohle. Ntlafatsa ka matla bohahlauli ho tloha ka 1980. Libaka tse ka sehloohong tsa bahahlauli ke maqhoqhoane a maholo, libaka tsa mobu o foqohang seretse se chesang, liliba tse futhumatsang moea le liphororo. GDP ea motho ka mong ea Iceland e batla e le lidolara tse 30,000 tsa Amerika, e maemong a holimo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Bocha le moea o hloekileng le metsi ke tsona tse ntlehali lefatšeng. Karolelano ea nako ea bophelo ke lilemo tse 82.2 bakeng sa basali le lilemo tse 78.1 bakeng sa banna. Boemo ba thuto ea batho bohle bo batla bo phahame. Iceland e fetohile naha e nang le sekhahla se phahameng ka ho fetisisa sa ho kenella ha mehala ea thekeng lefatšeng ka 1999.

Reykjavik: Reykjavik, motse-moholo oa Iceland, o karolong e ka boroa-bochabela ho Fahsa Bay ka bophirima ho Iceland le ka lehlakoreng le ka leboea la Hloahloa ea Sertiana. Ke kou e kholo ka ho fetisisa Iceland. Toropo e shebane le leoatle ka bophirima, 'me e lika-likelitsoe ke lithaba ka leboea le bochabela .. E angoa ke moea o futhumetseng oa North Atlantic, boemo ba leholimo bo bobebe, ka thempereichara e karolelano ea 11 ° C ka Phupu, -1 ° C ka Pherekhong, le mocheso oa selemo le selemo oa 4.3 ° C. Toropo e na le baahi ba 112,268 (December 2001).

Reykjavík e thehiloe ka 874 mme e thehiloe semmuso ka 1786. Ka 1801, e ne e le setulo sa bolaoli bo busang ba Denmark. Ka 1904, Denmark e ile ea amohela boipuso ba kahare ba Iceland, mme Reykjavik ea e-ba setulo sa mmuso o ikemetseng. Ka 1940, Jeremane ea Bonazi e ile ea hapa Denmark, 'me likamano lipakeng tsa Iceland le Denmark li ile tsa sitisoa. Ka Phuptjane 1944, Iceland e phatlalalitse semmuso ho felisoa ha Ice Dan Alliance le ho theoa ha Rephabliki ea Iceland.Reykjavik e ile ea fetoha motse-moholo.

Reykjavík e haufi le Arctic Circle 'me e na le liliba tse ngata tse chesang le fumaroles. Ha a ka a utloisisa mouoane oa metsi o chesang mosi ka liliba tse chesang joalo ka mosi, mme a bitsa sebaka sena "Reykjavik", e bolelang "motse o tsubang" ka Seiceland. Reykjavik e ntšetsa pele mehloli e futhumetseng ea leholimo, leholimo le leputsoa, ​​'me toropo e hloekile ebile ha e na tšilafalo, ka hona e tsejoa e le "toropo e sa tsubeng mosi". Nako le nako ha letsatsi la hoseng le chaba kapa ha le likela, litlhoro tsa mahlakore ka bobeli a thaba li bontša pherese e bonojoana, 'me metsi a leoatle a fetoha boputsoa bo tebileng, a etsa hore batho ba utloe eka ba setšoantšong. Meaho ea Reykjavík e hlophisitsoe hantle. Ha ho na meaho e meholo. Matlo a manyane ebile a matle haholo. Hangata a pentiloe ka 'mala o mofubelu, o motala le o motala. Tlas'a letsatsi, a mebala le mebala. Meaho e meholo e kang holo ea palamente le meaho ea mmuso e hahiloe haufi le Letša le letle la Tejoning bohareng ba toropo. Lehlabula, mehlape ea matata a hlaha e sesa ho potoloha letšeng le leputsoa; mariha, bana ba thellisa le ho bapala letšeng le hoammeng, e leng ntho e khahlisang haholo.

Reykjavik ke setsi sa naha sa lipolotiki, khoebo, indasteri le setso le boema-kepe ba bohlokoa ba ho tšoasa litlhapi. Matona ohle a mmuso, maparamente, libanka tse bohareng le libanka tsa bohlokoa tsa khoebo li teng mona. Indasteri ea toropo e ikarabella hoo e ka bang halofo ea naha, haholo-holo ho etsoa ha litlhapi, ho lokisa lijo, ho haha ​​likepe le masela. Ho tsamaisa thepa ho maemong a bohlokoa moruong oa toropo, ka likepe tsa baeti le tsa thepa tse tsamaeang hohle lefatšeng. Keflavík Airport, lik'hilomithara tse 47 ho tloha Reykjavik, ke boema-fofane ba machaba ba Iceland, bo nang le lifofane tse tloaelehileng ho ea United States, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Jeremane le Luxembourg. Univesithi ea Iceland e Reykjavik ke eona feela univesithi naheng ena.E thehiloe ho 1911, ke univesithi e felletseng e kenyelletsang lingoliloeng, mahlale a tlhaho, thuto ea bolumeli, molao, moruo le bongaka.