Libani, izina ryuzuye rya Repubulika ya Libani, ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 10.452. Iherereye ku nkombe y'iburasirazuba bwa Mediterane mu majyepfo ya Aziya y'Uburengerazuba. Irahana imbibi na Siriya mu burasirazuba no mu majyaruguru, Palesitine mu majyepfo, na Mediterane mu burengerazuba. Inkombe z'inyanja zifite uburebure bwa kilometero 220. Dukurikije imiterere y’imiterere y’imiterere, agace kose gashobora kugabanywamo ikibaya cy’inyanja; imisozi yo muri Libani mu burasirazuba bw’ikibaya cy’inyanja; ikibaya cya Bekaa mu burasirazuba bwa Libani n'umusozi urwanya Libani mu burasirazuba. Umusozi wa Libani unyura mu karere kose, kandi umusozi wa Kurnet-Sauda ufite metero 3083 hejuru y’inyanja, akaba ari impinga ndende muri Libani. Hariho inzuzi nyinshi zitemba zigana iburengerazuba mu nyanja ya Mediterane. Umugezi wa Litani ni uruzi rurerure mu gihugu. Libani ifite ikirere gishyuha cya Mediterane.

Abanyakanani bo mu gace k'Abarabu babanje gutura muri ako gace mu 3000 mbere ya Yesu. Wari umwe mu Banyafenisiya mu 2000 mbere ya Yesu, kandi wategekwaga na Misiri, Ashuri, Babuloni, Ubuperesi, na Roma. Yabaye mu Bwami bwa Ottoman mu kinyejana cya 16. Nyuma y’Intambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, Ubwongereza n'Ubufaransa byateye Libani, maze mu 1920 bigabanywa manda y'Ubufaransa. Ku ya 26 Ugushyingo 1941, Ubufaransa bwatangaje ko manda yarangiye muri Libani.Yabonye ubwigenge ku ya 22 Ugushyingo 1943 bushiraho Repubulika ya Libani. Mu Kuboza 1946, ingabo zose z’Abafaransa zimaze kuvaho, Libani yabonye ubwigenge busesuye.

Ibendera ry'igihugu: Ni urukiramende rufite igipimo cy'uburebure n'ubugari bwa 3: 2. Hagati ni urukiramende rwera, rufite igice cya kabiri cyibendera; hejuru no hepfo ni urukiramende rutukura. Hagati y'ibendera hari imyerezi y'icyatsi yo muri Libani, yitwa Umwami w'ibimera muri Bibiliya. Umweru ugereranya amahoro naho umutuku ugereranya umwuka wo kwigomwa; imyerezi izwi nkigiti cyigihugu cya Libani, kigaragaza kwihangana kurugamba nimbaraga zabaturage, hamwe nubuziranenge nubugingo buhoraho.

Libani ituwe na miliyoni 4 (2000). Umubare munini ni Abarabu, kimwe n'Abanyarumeniya, Abanyaturukiya, n'Abagereki. Icyarabu ni ururimi rwigihugu, kandi Igifaransa nicyongereza bikoreshwa cyane. Abaturage bagera kuri 54% bemera Islam, cyane cyane Abashiya, Abasuni na Druze; 46% bemera ubukirisitu, cyane cyane Maronite, Aborotodogisi b'Abagereki, Abagatolika b'Abaroma na orotodogisi ya Arumeniya.

Kera nko mu gihe cya Neolithic, abantu babaga ku nkombe no mu bitare bya Beirut. Mu gihe cya Fenisiya, Beirut yari imaze kuba umujyi.Icyambu gikomeye cy’ubucuruzi muri kiriya gihe kandi cyari kizwi cyane mu bucuruzi bw’ububoshyi, inganda zo gucapa no gusiga amarangi, ndetse n’inganda zikora ibyuma. Mu gihe cy'Ubugereki, ingabo za Alexandre le Grand zari i Beirut mu 333 mbere ya Yesu, ziha umujyi ibiranga umuco w'Abagereki. Iterambere rya Beirut ryageze ku rwego rwo hejuru mu gihe cy’Ingoma y’Abaroma, hamwe na sitade ya Romanesque, amakinamico, ibibuga by'imikino, ndetse n’ubwiherero. Beirut yarimbuwe na nyamugigima ikomeye na tsunami mu 349 nyuma ya Yesu na 551 nyuma ya Yesu. Mu 635 nyuma ya Yesu, abarabu bigaruriye Beirut. Crusaders yafashe Beirut mu 1110, maze mu 1187, umujenerali w'icyarabu uzwi cyane Saladin arayigarura. Kugeza ku Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose irangiye, Beirut yagize uruhare mu Bwami bwa Ottoman, cyane cyane nyuma yuko Ingoma ya Ottoman yimuye guverinoma y'intara i Beirut, akarere k'umujyi gakomeje kwaguka. Nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, cyane cyane nyuma y’ubwigenge bwa Libani, iyubakwa ry’imijyi rya Beirut ryateye imbere cyane, rihinduka ikigo cy’imari, ubukerarugendo n’amakuru yo mu burasirazuba bwo hagati, kandi kizwi cyane mu bucuruzi bwo kongera kohereza mu mahanga. Mbere y’Intambara y’Abenegihugu, yari ikigo kizwi cyane cy’ubucuruzi, imari, ubwikorezi, ubukerarugendo, n’ibinyamakuru no gutangaza mu burasirazuba bwo hagati, kandi bizwi na Paris y’iburasirazuba.

I Beirut, hari inkuta z’Abaroma zabitswe, insengero, ibidendezi, n’imisigiti yo mu bwami bwa Ottoman. Muri Biblos, mu birometero birenga 30 mu majyaruguru ya Beirut, urashobora kubona umudugudu wa Fenisiya hamwe n’ibisigazwa by’ingoro z’Abaroma, insengero, amazu, amaduka, hamwe n’ikinamico. Mu nzibutso nyinshi, zikurura ba mukerarugendo ni urusengero rwitwa Baalbek, mu birometero birenga 80 mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Beirut, rukaba ari rumwe mu nzibutso zizwi ku isi.