ILebhanon, igama elipheleleyo leRiphabhlikhi yaseLebhanon, igubungela ummandla we-10,452 yeekhilomitha. Ifumaneka kunxweme olusempuma lweMeditera emazantsi eNtshona Asia. Imida iSyria empuma nasemantla, iPalestina emazantsi, kunye neMeditera ngasentshona. Unxweme luziikhilomitha ezingama-220 ubude. Ummandla wonke ungohlulwa ube ngamathafa aselunxwemeni ngokobume bendawo, iintaba zaseLebhanon kwicala elingasempuma lamathafa aselunxwemeni; Bekaa Valley kwicala elingasempuma leLebhanon; INtaba yeLebhanon ibaleka kuwo wonke loo mmandla, kwaye iNtaba yeKurnet-Sauda ziimitha ezingama-3083 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle, eyeyona ncopho iphakamileyo eLebhanon. Mininzi imilambo engena ngasentshona kuLwandle lweMeditera. Umlambo iLitani ngowona mlambo mde elizweni. ILebhanon inemozulu eshushu yeLwandle iMeditera.

AmaKanan avela kwiArabian Peninsula aqala ukuhlala kule ndawo ngo-3000 BC. Yayiyinxalenye yamaFenike ngo-2000 BC, kwaye yayilawulwa yi-Yiphutha, iAsiriya, iBhabheli, iPersi kunye neRoma. Yaba yinxalenye yoBukhosi base-Ottoman ngenkulungwane ye-16. Emva kweMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala, i-Bhritane ne-France zahlasela iLebhanon, yaza ngo-1920 yathotyelwa ekubeni ibe ligunya lase-France. Nge-26 kaNovemba, 1941, iFrance yabhengeza ukuphela kwegunya layo kwiLebhanon.Yafumana inkululeko ngoNovemba 22, 1943 yaza yaseka iRiphabhlikhi yaseLebhanon.NgoDisemba ngo-1946, emva kokuba yonke imikhosi yaseFrance irhoxile, iLebhanon yafumana inkululeko.

Iflegi yesizwe: Yixande kunye nomyinge wobude kububanzi be-3: 2. Umbindi luxande olumhlophe, oluthatha isiqingatha somphezulu weflegi; ephezulu kunye nezantsi ziingxande ezibomvu ezibini. Embindini weflegi kukho umsedare oluhlaza waseLebanon, obizwa ngokuba nguKumkani wezityalo eBhayibhileni. Umhlophe ubonakalisa uxolo kunye nobomvu ubonakalisa umoya wokuzincama; umsedare waziwa njengomthi wesizwe waseLebhanon, omele unyamezelo lomzabalazo kunye namandla abantu, kunye nobunyulu kunye nobomi obungunaphakade.

ILebhanon inabemi abazizigidi ezi-4 (2000). Uninzi lwazo ngama-Arabhu, ngokunjalo nama-Armenia, amaTurkey namaGrike. IsiArabhu lulwimi lwesizwe, kwaye kusetyenziswa isiFrentshi nesiNgesi. Malunga ne-54% yabahlali bakholelwa kwi-Islam, ikakhulu amaShia, amaSunni kunye namaDruze; I-46% iyakholelwa kubuKrestu, ikakhulu iMaronite, iOrthodox yamaGrike, iRoma Katolika kunye neArmenian Orthodox.

IBeirut : Ikomkhulu laseLebhanon.Ime kwithambeka eliphambili embindini wonxweme lwaseLebhanon.Ijongane noLwandle lweMeditera kwaye ixhaswe ziintaba zeLebhanon.Liziko elikhulu kunxweme olusempuma yoLwandle lweMeditera. Esi sixeko sikwisixeko esiselwandle esaziwa ngesimbo saso sokwakha kunye nemozulu entle. Isixeko sigubungela ummandla weekhilomitha ezingama-67 zesikwere. Inemozulu yeMeditera enemozulu efudumeleyo, ineqondo lobushushu eliphakathi ngonyaka le-21 ° C, umahluko wobushushu obuncinci bonyaka, kunye nobusika bemvula. Iqondo lobushushu eliphakathi ngoJulayi ngama-32 ℃, kwaye amaqondo aphakathi asezantsi ngoJanuwari ngu-11 ℃. Igama elithi "Beirut" lithathwe kwiFenike "Belitus", ethetha "isixeko semithombo emininzi", kwaye amanye amaqula amandulo aseBeirut asasetyenziswa nanamhlanje. Inani labemi li-1.8 yezigidi (2004), kwaye isinye kwisithathu sabahlali ngamaSulumane amaSunni.Abanye baquka i-Armenian Orthodox, Orthodox, Katolika kunye namaSulumane amaShiite. Amancinci abandakanya iArmenian, iPalestine kunye neSyria. Ngaphambili njengeNeolithic Age, abantu bahlala elunxwemeni nakwiingxondorha zaseBeirut. Ngexesha lamaFenike, iBeirut yayisele iyimilo njengesixeko.Yayiyindawo ebalulekileyo kwizibuko lezorhwebo ngelo xesha kwaye yayidume ngomzi mveliso wokuluka, ukushicilela nokudaya, kunye nokwenza imboni yentsimbi. Ngexesha lamaGrike, umkhosi ka-Alexander the Great wema e-Beirut ngo-333 BC, wanika isixeko iimpawu zempucuko yamaGrike. Ukuchuma kukaBeirut kufikelele kwincopho yayo ngexesha loBukhosi baseRoma, bekunezikwere zamaRoma, iindawo zemidlalo yeqonga, amabala emidlalo kunye neendawo zokuhlambela. I-Beirut yatshatyalaliswa yinyikima eyomeleleyo kunye neetsunami ngo-349 AD no-551 AD. Ngo-635 AD, ama-Arabhu ahlala eBeirut. Amajoni omnqamlezo ayithimba iBeirut ngo-1110, kwaye ngo-1187, injengele edumileyo yama-Arabhu uSaladin wayifumana kwakhona. Kude kube kuphela iMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala, iBeirut ibiyinxalenye yoBukhosi base-Ottoman, ngakumbi emva kokuba uBukhosi base-Ottoman buhambise urhulumente wephondo eBeirut, indawo yesixeko iqhubekile nokwanda. Emva kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, ngakumbi emva kwenkululeko yaseLebhanon, ulwakhiwo lwasezidolophini lwaseBeirut lwaphuhliswa ngokuxhumaxhuma, lwaba liziko lezemali, ukhenketho kunye neendaba zeMbindi Mpuma, kwaye laziwa ngokurhweba ngokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe. Phambi kweMfazwe yamakhaya, yayiliziko elaziwayo lezorhwebo, ezemali, ezothutho, ezokhenketho, kunye nokushicilela nokupapasha eMbindi Mpuma, kwaye inedumela leMpuma Paris.

E-Beirut, kukho iindonga zaseRoma ezigciniweyo, iitempile, amachibi, kunye neemosque ezivela kubukhosi base-Ottoman. KwiBiblos, ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-30 kumantla eBeirut, usenokubona ilali yaseFenike kunye namabhodlo eenqaba zamaRoma, iitempile, izindlu, iivenkile kunye neholo zemidlalo yeqonga. Phakathi kwezikhumbuzo ezininzi, ezona zinomtsalane kubakhenkethi yitempile ebizwa ngokuba yiBaalbek, ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-80 kumantla mpuma eBeirut, lelinye lawona mazwe adumileyo ehlabathini.