ILebanon, igama eligcwele leRiphabhulikhi yaseLebanese, lihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele ayi-10,452. Kutholakala ogwini olusempumalanga yeMedithera eningizimu yeNtshonalanga ye-Asia. Unqamula iSyria empumalanga nasenyakatho, iPalestina ngaseningizimu, neMedithera entshonalanga. Ugu lungamakhilomitha angama-220 ubude. Ngokwesimo sendawo, yonke insimu ingahlukaniswa ithafa elisogwini; izintaba zaseLebanoni ezisempumalanga yethafa elisogwini; isigodi iBekaa ngasohlangothini olusempumalanga lweLebanon nentaba i-Anti-Lebanon empumalanga. INtaba iLebanon idabula yonke le ndawo, kanti iNtaba iKurnet-Sauda ingamamitha angama-3083 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, okuyisiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke eLebanon. Kunemifula eminingi egelezela ngasentshonalanga kuLwandle iMedithera. Umfula iLitan ngumfula omude kunayo yonke ezweni. ILebanon inesimo sezulu esishisayo saseMedithera.

AmaKhanani avela eNhlonhlweni yase-Arabia aqala ukuhlala kule ndawo ngonyaka we-3000 BC. Kwakuyingxenye yamaFenike ngo-2000 BC, futhi kwakuphethwe yiGibhithe, i-Asiriya, iBhabhiloni, iPheresiya kanye neRoma. Yaba yingxenye yoMbuso WaseTurkey ngekhulu le-16. Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, iBrithani neFrance bahlasela iLebanon, kwathi ngo-1920 lehliselwa laba igunya laseFrance. NgoNovemba 26, 1941, iFrance yamemezela ukuphela kokugunyazwa kwayo eLebanon.Yathola inkululeko ngoNovemba 22, 1943 futhi yasungula iRiphabhulikhi yaseLebanon.NgoDisemba ngo-1946, ngemuva kokuba wonke amabutho aseFrance ehoxile, iLebanon yathola inkululeko ephelele.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Lingunxande elinesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi obungu-3: 2. Maphakathi unxande omhlophe, ongena uhhafu wengxenye yefulegi; engenhla nangaphansi kukhona onxande ababili ababomvu. Maphakathi nefulegi kunomsedari ohlaza okotshani waseLebanon, obizwa ngokuthi yiNkosi Yezitshalo eBhayibhelini. Okumhlophe kufanekisela ukuthula nokubomvu kufanekisela umoya wokuzidela; umsedari waziwa njengomuthi wesizwe waseLebanon, omele ukubekezela komzabalazo namandla abantu, kanye nobumsulwa nokuphila okuphakade.

ILebanon inabantu abayizigidi ezi-4 (2000). Iningi labo lingama-Arabhu, kanye nama-Armenia, amaTurkey namaGreki. Isi-Arabhu ulimi olukhulunywa ezweni lonke, kanti isiFulentshi nesiNgisi kusetshenziswa kakhulu. Cishe izakhamuzi ezingama-54% zikholelwa enkolweni yamaSulumane, ikakhulukazi amaShia, amaSunni kanye namaDruze; ama-46% akholelwa ebuKristwini, ikakhulukazi amaMaronite, ama-Greek Orthodox, amaRoma Katolika kanye nama-Orthodox ase-Armenia.

IBeirut : Inhlokodolobha yaseLebanon. Itholakala enkabeni ephumile phakathi kogu lwaseLebanon. Ibheke oLwandle iMedithera futhi ixhaswa yizintaba zaseLebanon. Iyichweba elikhulu kunawo wonke ogwini olusempumalanga yoLwandle iMedithera. Idolobha libuye libe idolobha elingasolwandle elaziwa ngesitayela salo esiyingqayizivele sokwakha nesimo sezulu esihle. Idolobha lihlanganisa indawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-67. Inesimo sezulu saseMedithera esinesimo sezulu esifudumele, esinamazinga okushisa aphakathi nonyaka angama-21 ° C, umehluko omncane wamazinga okushisa wonyaka, nobusika bemvula. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo ngoJulayi lingu-32 ℃, kanti izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo ngoJanuwari ngu-11 ℃. Igama elithi "Beirut" lisuselwa kwelaseFenike "Belitus", okusho ukuthi "idolobha lemithombo eminingi", kanti eminye imithombo yasendulo eBeirut isasetshenziswa nanamuhla. Inani labantu liyi-1.8 million (2004), kanti ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu zabahlali bangamaSulumane amaSunni kanti abanye bahlanganisa amaSulumane ase-Armenia, ama-Orthodox, amaKhatholika namaShiite. Okuncane okubandakanya ama-Armenia, amaPalestine kanye nabaseSyria.

Kudala nje ngeNkathi yeNeolithic, abantu babehlala ogwini nasemadwaleni aseBeirut. Ngenkathi yamaFenike, iBeirut yayivele ivele yakhiwa njengedolobha.Yayiyitheku elibalulekile lezentengiselwano ngaleso sikhathi futhi yayidume ngomkhakha wayo wokweluka, wokuphrinta nowokudaya, kanye nowemboni yensimbi. Ngesikhathi samaGrikhi, ibutho lika-Alexander the Great lalime eBeirut ngo-333 BC, linikeza idolobha izici zempucuko yamaGrikhi. Ukuchuma kukaBeirut kwafinyelela ezingeni eliphakeme ngesikhathi soMbuso WaseRoma, kwakunezigcawu zaseRoma, izinkundla zemidlalo yaseshashalazini, izinkundla zezemidlalo nezindlu zokugeza. IBeirut yabhujiswa ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla nama-tsunami ngo-349 AD nango-551 AD. Ngo-635 AD, ama-Arabhu ahlala eBeirut. Abasolwa beNkolo bathumba iBeirut ngo-1110, kwathi ngo-1187, ujenene odumile wase-Arab Saladin wayibuyisa. Kuze kube sekupheleni kweMpi Yezwe I, iBeirut ibiyingxenye yoMbuso Wase-Ottoman, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuthi uMbuso Wase-Ottoman uthuthele uhulumeni wesifundazwe eBeirut, indawo yedolobha yaqhubeka nokwanda. Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kwenkululeko yaseLebanon, ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha eBeirut kwakhiwa ngokuxakile, kwaba yisikhungo sezezimali, ezokuvakasha kanye nezindaba eMiddle East, futhi idume ngokuhweba kabusha okuthekelisa amazwe. Ngaphambi kweMpi Yombango, bekuyisikhungo esaziwayo sebhizinisi, ezezimali, ezokuthutha, ezokuvakasha, nezokushicilela nezokushicilela eMiddle East, futhi inedumela le-Oriental Paris.

EBeirut, kunezindonga zamaRoma ezivikelwe, amathempeli, amachibi, kanye namasonto avela eMbusweni wase-Ottoman. EBiblos, ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-30 enyakatho yeBeirut, usengabona isigodi saseFenike nezinsalela zezinqaba zaseRoma, amathempeli, izindlu, izitolo, nezindawo zemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Phakathi kwezikhumbuzo eziningi, ezikhanga kakhulu kubavakashi yithempeli elibizwa ngeBalbekbek, ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha angama-80 enyakatho-mpumalanga yeBeirut, okungesinye sezikhumbuzo esidume kakhulu emhlabeni.