Austria Bayani na Asali
| Lokaci na gida | Lokacinku |
|---|---|
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| Yankin lokaci na gari | Bambancin yankin lokaci |
| UTC/GMT +1 awa |
| latitude / longitude |
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| 47°41'49"N / 13°20'47"E |
| iso tsara |
| AT / AUT |
| kudin |
| Yuro (EUR) |
| Harshe |
| German (official nationwide) 88.6% Turkish 2.3% Serbian 2.2% Croatian (official in Burgenland) 1.6% other (includes Slovene official in Carinthia and Hungarian official in Burgenland) 5.3% (2001 census) |
| wutar lantarki |
 F-type Shuko toshe |
| tutar ƙasa |
|---|
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| babban birni |
| Vienna |
| jerin bankuna |
| Austria jerin bankuna |
| yawan jama'a |
| 8,205,000 |
| yanki |
| 83,858 KM2 |
| GDP (USD) |
| 417,900,000,000 |
| waya |
| 3,342,000 |
| Wayar salula |
| 13,590,000 |
| Adadin masu masaukin yanar gizo |
| 3,512,000 |
| Adadin masu amfani da Intanet |
| 6,143,000 |
Austria gabatarwa
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Ostireliya tana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 83,858 kuma tana cikin ƙasa mara iyaka ta kudu ta Tsakiyar Turai. Tana iyaka da Slovakia da Hungary ta gabas, Slovenia da Italia a kudu, Switzerland da Liechtenstein ta yamma, da kuma Jamus da Czech Republic a arewa. Duwatsu suna dauke da kashi 70% na yankin kasar. Gabashin Alps ya ratsa dukkan yankin daga yamma zuwa gabas. Arewa maso gabas ita ce Kogin Vienna, arewa da kudu maso gabas tuddai ne da filaye, kuma Kogin Danube yana ratsawa ta arewa maso gabas. Yana da yanayin yanayi mai fadin yanayi mai sauyawa daga teku zuwa nahiyoyi. Ostiriya, cikakken sunan Jamhuriyar Austria, mai fadin yanki murabba'in kilomita 83,858, kasa ce mara iyaka da ke Kudancin Tsakiyar Turai. Tana iyaka da Slovakia da Hungary ta gabas, Slovenia da Italia a kudu, Switzerland da Liechtenstein ta yamma, da kuma Jamus da Czech Republic a arewa. Tsaunuka sun kai kashi 70% na yankin kasar. Alps din da ke gabas ya ratsa dukkan yankin daga yamma zuwa gabas tsaunin Grossglockner yana da tsayin mita 3,797 a saman tekun, wanda shi ne mafi girma a kasar. Yankin arewa maso gabas shine Basin Vienna, kuma arewa da kudu maso gabas tuddai ne da filaye. Kogin Danube ya ratsa ta arewa maso gabas kuma yana da kusan kilomita 350. Akwai Lake Constance da aka raba tare da Jamus da Switzerland da Lake Neusiedl da ke kan iyakar tsakanin Austria da Hungary. Tana da yanayi mai zurfin yanayi da ke canzawa daga teku zuwa nahiyoyi, tare da matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara kusan 700 mm. An kasa kasar zuwa jihohi 9, birane 15 masu cin gashin kansu, gundumomi 84 da kuma garuruwa 2,355 a matakin mafi kasa. Jihohi 9 sune: Burgenland, Carinthia, Upper Austria, Lower Austria, Salzburg, Styria, Tyrol, Vorarlberg, Vienna. Akwai garuruwa, gundumomi, garuruwa (ƙauyuka) a ƙasa da jihar. A shekara ta 400 kafin haihuwar Yesu, Celts sun kafa daular Noricon a nan. Romawa sun mamaye ta a shekara ta 15 kafin haihuwar Yesu. A farkon Zamani na Tsakiya, Goths, Bavaria, da Alemanni sun zauna a nan, suna mai da wannan yanki na Jamusawa da Kiristanci. A shekara ta 996 AD, an fara ambaton “Austria” a cikin littattafan tarihi. Duchy da aka kafa a lokacin mulkin gidan Babenberg a tsakiyar karni na 12 kuma ya zama ƙasa mai cin gashin kanta. Holy Rome Empire ya mamaye ta a 1276, kuma a 1278, daular Habsburg ta fara mulkin ta na shekara 640. A cikin 1699, ya sami damar mallakar Hungary. A cikin 1804, Franz II ya karɓi sunan Sarki na Ostireliya, kuma an tilasta shi ya yi murabus daga taken Sarki na Mai Tsarki na Roman Empire a 1806. A 1815, bayan taron Vienna, aka kafa wasungiyar Jamusawa wacce Austriya ke jagoranta. Miƙa mulki zuwa tsarin mulkin mallaka daga 1860 zuwa 1866. A cikin 1866, ya sha kaye a Yaƙin Prussia da Austriya kuma an tilasta shi ya rushe theungiyar ta Jaman. Shekarar mai zuwa, an sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tare da Hungary don kafa Masarautar Austro-Hungary mai sau biyu. A Yaƙin Duniya na ɗaya, sojojin Austriya sun ci da yaƙi kuma daula ta faɗi. Ostiraliya ta sanar da kafa jamhuriya a ranar 12 ga Nuwamba, 1918. Nazi Jamani ya hade da shi a cikin Maris 1938. Shiga yakin a matsayin wani bangare na kasar Jamus a yakin duniya na II. Bayan da sojojin kawancen suka 'yantar da kasar Austria, kasar Austria ta kafa gwamnatin rikon kwarya a ranar 27 ga Afrilu, 1945. A watan Yulin wannan shekarar, bayan da Jamus ta mika wuya, sojojin Soviet, Amurka, Ingila, da Faransa suka sake mamaye Austria, kuma aka raba yankin baki daya zuwa yankunan 4 na mamaya. A watan Mayu na shekarar 1955, kasashen hudu suka sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tare da Ostiriya inda suka bayyana mutunta ‘yancin Austria da‘ yancinsu. A watan Oktoba 1955, dukkan sojojin mamaya suka janye. A ranar 26 ga Oktoba na wannan shekarar, Majalisar Dokokin Austriya ta zartar da doka ta dindindin, inda ta sanar da cewa ba za ta shiga cikin kawancen soja ba kuma ba za ta yarda da kafa sansanonin soja na kasashen waje a kan yankin ta ba. Tutar ƙasa: Yana da murabba'i mai kusurwa huɗu da faɗi 3: 2. Daga sama zuwa kasa, an kafa ta ne ta hanyar haɗa kusurwa huɗu a jere na jan, fari da ja Alamar ƙasar Austriya tana tsakiyar tutar. Asalin wannan tutar ana iya gano ta zuwa Daular Austro-Hungaria.Ya ce a yayin kazamin fada tsakanin Duke na Babenberg da Sarki Richard I na Ingila, fararen kayan Duke din kusan duk sun yi jajaye da jini, ya bar kawai alamar fari a kan takobi. Tun daga wannan lokacin, rundunar Duke ta dauki jan, fari da ja a matsayin launin tutar yakin. A cikin 1786, Sarki Joseph II ya yi amfani da tuta mai launin ja, fari, da ja a matsayin tutar sojojin, kuma a shekara ta 1919 an sanya shi a matsayin tutar Austriya. Hukumomin gwamnatin Austriya, ministoci, shuwagabanni da sauran wakilai na hukuma da hukumomin gwamnati a kasashen waje duk suna amfani da tutar kasar tare da alamar kasa, kuma gaba daya basa bukatar tambarin kasa. Ostiraliya tana tsakiyar Turai kuma ita ce muhimmiyar cibiyar jigilar kayayyaki a Turai. Manyan sassan masana'antu na kasar Austria sune, hakar ma'adinai, karafa, kere-keren injina, karafa, lantarki, sarrafa karafa, kera motoci, masaku, kayan sawa, takarda, abinci, da dai sauransu. A shekarar 2006, yawan kudin kasar Ostireliya ya kai dala biliyan 309.346, kuma kowane mutum ya kai dala 37,771. Masana'antar karfe suna da matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin tattalin arzikin ƙasa. Masana'antun masana'antar Ostiraliya suna da wadatattun kayan aiki, kamar itace, mai, gas da kwal kwal, waɗanda ke ba da yanayi mai kyau don ci gaban masana'antar sinadarai. Babban kayayyakin sunadarai sune cellulose, takin nitrogen da kuma kayayyakin petrochemical. Masana'antun kera kayan masarufi galibi suna samarda cikakkun nau'ikan injunan masana'antu, kamar masu samar da wutar lantarki, masu sausaya kwal da yawa, injunan aikin hanyar jirgin kasa, da injunan sarrafa itace, da kayan aikin hakowa. Masana'antar mota wani babban yanki ne na masana'antar kera injuna na Austriya. Ainihin samar da manyan motoci, motocin da suke kan hanya, da taraktoci, da taraktoci, da motocin ɗaukar sulke da kayayyakin gyara. Austriya tana da arziki a cikin daji da albarkatun ruwa. Dazuzzuka sun kai kashi 42% na duk fadin kasar, wanda ke da hekta miliyan 4 na gonakin dazuzzuka da kimanin katakik miliyan miliyan 990. An haɓaka aikin noma kuma ƙimar aikin injiniya yana da girma. Fiye da kayan amfanin gona kai tsaye. Ma'aikata a cikin masana'antar sabis suna da kusan kashi 56% na yawan ma'aikata.Yawon shakatawa shine mafi mahimmancin masana'antar sabis.Mafi yawan wuraren yawon buɗe ido shine Tyrol, Salzburg, Carinthia da Vienna. Kasuwancin kasashen waje na Austria suna da matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin tattalin arziki. Babban kayayyakin da ake fitarwa sune karafa, injina, sufuri, sunadarai da abinci. Shigo da kayayyaki yawanci makamashi ne, kayan ƙasa da kayan masarufi. An bunkasa noma. Idan ya zo ga Ostiraliya, ba wanda ya san waƙarta da opera. Tarihin Austriya ya samar da mashahuran mawaƙa da yawa a duniya: Haydn, Mozart, Schubert, Johann Strauss, da Beethoven wanda aka haifa a Jamus amma ya zauna a Austria na dogon lokaci. A cikin fiye da ƙarni biyu, waɗannan mawaƙan kiɗan sun bar al'adun gargajiyar Austria sosai kuma sun kafa wata al'ada ta musamman ta ƙasa. Bikin Kiɗan Salzburg a Ostiraliya ɗayan ɗayan tsofaffi ne, mafi girma da kuma manyan bukukuwa na gargajiya a duniya. Bikin Bikin Sabuwar Shekara na Vienna shi ne kaɗan-kaɗan da aka fi saurara a duniya. An gina shi a 1869, Royal Opera House (wanda yanzu ake kira da Vienna State Opera) ɗayan ɗayan shahararrun gidajen wasan opera ne a duniya, kuma ƙungiyar Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra an amince da ita a matsayin babbar ƙungiyar makaɗa ta farko a duniya. Bugu da kari, Ostiriya ta kuma fito da shahararrun mutane a duniya kamar shahararren masanin halayyar dan adam Freud, mashahuran marubutan Zweig da Kafka. Kasancewar sananniyar kasar Turai mai al'adun gargajiya, kasar Ostiraliya ta adana wuraren tarihi da yawa tun daga Tsararru na Tsakiya. Fadar Vienna Schönbrunn, Verana State Opera, Vienna Concert Hall, da sauransu, duk shahararrun wuraren shakatawa ne na duniya. . Vienna: mashahurin birni ne - babban birnin Austriya Vienna (Vienna) tana cikin Basin na Vienna a ƙasan arewa na tsaunukan Alps a arewa maso gabashin Austriya. An kewaye shi da tsaunuka ta ɓangarori uku, Kogin Danube ya ratsa cikin garin, kuma sanannen yana kewaye da shi Vienna Woods. Yawan mutane miliyan 1.563 (2000). A karni na 1 AD, Romawa suka gina katanga a nan. A cikin 1137, shine birni na farko na ofan mulkin Austriya. A ƙarshen karni na 13, tare da haɓakar gidan masarautar Habsburg da haɓakawa cikin sauri, kyawawan gine-ginen Gothic sun tashi kamar naman kaza. Bayan karni na 15, ta zama babban birni na Daular Roman Mai Tsarkin kuma cibiyar tattalin arzikin Turai. A cikin karni na 18, Maria Tielezia ta himmatu kan kawo sauye-sauye a lokacin mulkinta, tana kaiwa sojojin coci hari, tana inganta ci gaban zamantakewar al'umma, kuma a lokaci guda tana kawo ci gaban fasaha, hakan yasa Vienna sannu a hankali ta zama cibiyar kidan gargajiya na Turai kuma ta sami suna ta "Music City" . Vienna an san ta da "Baiwar Danube". Yanayin yana da kyau kuma yanayin shimfidar wuri yana da kyau. Ka hau zuwa tsaunukan tsaunukan Alps a yamma da garin, za ka ga '' Vienna Forest '' mara fa'ida; gabashin garin yana fuskantar Kogin Danube, kuma za ka iya yin watsi da koren kololuwar tsaunukan Carpathian. Faffadan ciyawa zuwa arewa kamar babban kore ne, kuma danube mai walƙiya yana ratsa ta. An gina gidaje tare da dutsen, tare da gine-gine masu yawa waɗanda aka haɗa ta sarari, tare da matakan daban. Idan aka duba daga nesa, gine-ginen coci iri daban-daban sun yiwa tsohon gari kayataccen launi tare da koren duwatsu da ruwa mai tsafta. Titunan cikin birni suna cikin sigar zobe mai ƙyalli, faɗi mita 50, kuma garin ciki yana cikin hanyar zagaye mai zagaye da bishiyoyi a ɓangarorin biyu. Manyan titunan birni suna cikin rikice-rikice, tare da fewan manya-manyan gine-gine, galibi Baroque, Gothic da Romanesque. Sunan Vienna koyaushe yana da alaƙa da kiɗa. Yawancin mawaƙa da yawa, irin su Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, John Strauss da Sons, Gryuk da Brahms, sun share shekaru da yawa a cikin wannan sana'ar ta waƙa. Haydn's "Emperor Quartet", Mozart's "The Wedding of Figaro", Beethoven's "Symphony of Destiny", "Symphony Syndrome", "Moonlight Sonata", "Jarumai Symphony", Schubert's "Swan of the Swan" Shahararrun waƙoƙi kamar "Waƙa", "Tafiya ta Hunturu", John Strauss '' Blue Danube '' da '' Labarin Vienna Woods '' duk an haife su a nan. Yawancin wuraren shakatawa da murabba'i suna tsaye tare da gumaka, kuma tituna da yawa, dakunan taro, da zauren taro ana kiran su da sunan waɗannan mawaƙa. Tsoffin wuraren zama da makabartu na mawaƙa koyaushe mutane ne don ziyarta da girmamawa. A yau, Vienna tana da Stateasar Opera mafi tsada a duniya, sanannen zauren kade-kade da kuma babban kade kade da wake-wake. Ana gudanar da shagulgulan Sabuwar Shekara a cikin Zauren Zinare na Vienna Friends of Music Association a ranar 1 ga Janairu a kowace shekara. Baya ga New York da Geneva, Vienna ita ce birni na uku na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Cibiyar Duniya ta Austrian, wanda kuma aka sani da "Birnin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya", wanda aka gina a 1979, yana da ɗaukaka kuma shi ne cibiyar yawancin hukumomin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya. Salzburg: Salzburg (Salzburg) ita ce babban birnin jihar Salzburg da ke arewa maso yammacin Austria, ta yi iyaka da Kogin Salzach, wani yanki ne na Danube, kuma ita ce cibiyar sufuri, masana'antu da kuma cibiyar yawon bude ido ta arewacin Austria. Nan ne mahaifar babban mawaki Mozart, wanda aka fi sani da "Cibiyar Kiɗa ta Kiɗa". An kafa Salzburg a matsayin birni a cikin 1077, kuma yayi aiki a matsayin wurin zama da cibiyar aiki na Akbishop Katolika a ƙarni na 8 da 18. Salzburg ta balle daga dokar addini a shekarar 1802. A cikin 1809, an mayar da ita Bavaria bisa ga yarjejeniyar Schönbrunn, kuma Majalisar Vienna (1814-1815) ta yanke shawarar mayar da ita zuwa Austria. Ginin gine-ginen a nan ya dace da Venice da Florence na Italiya, kuma an san shi da "Arewacin Rome". Garin yana kan gabar Kogin Salzach, yana cikin ƙwanƙolin tsaunin Alpine mai dusar ƙanƙara. Birni cike yake da duwatsu masu dausayi, cike da fara'a. Holchen Salzburg (karni na 11) a gefen kudancin gefen hagu na dama na kogin, bayan shekaru 900 na iska da ruwan sama, har yanzu yana tsaye tsayi kuma a tsaye. Shine mafi kyawun kiyayewa kuma mafi girma a zamanin da a Tsakiyar Turai. Benedictine Abbey an gina shi a ƙarshen karni na 7 kuma ya daɗe yana cibiyar wa'azin gida. An gina Cocin Franciscan a shekarar 1223. An gina shi a farkon karni na 17, babban cocin da ke kwaikwayon Cocin mai tsarki a Rome shine gini na farko irin na Italiyanci a Austria. Gidan Archbishop din gidan sarauta ne daga 16 zuwa 18 karni. Fadar Mirabell a asali fada ce da aka gina wa Archbishop na Salzburg a karni na 17. An fadada ta a karni na 18 kuma yanzu ta zama cibiyar yawon bude ido da suka hada da fada, majami’u, lambuna, da gidajen tarihi. A kudancin birnin shine lambun masarauta wanda aka gina a karni na 17, wanda aka sani da "wasan ruwa". A ƙasan eaves ɗin da ke kusa da ƙofar ginin a cikin lambun, akwai bututun ruwa na ƙasa a ɓangarorin biyu da ke yin fesa lokaci-lokaci, suna fantsama ruwa, labulen ruwan sama da kuma shingen hazo. Tafiya cikin wani kogo da aka yi da kayan hannu a cikin lambun, ruwan gurguntar ya yi sautukan tsuntsaye 26, suna yin waƙar tsuntsaye mai daɗi a kan dutsen babu komai. A kan matakin da na'urar inji ke sarrafawa, ta hanyar aikin ruwa, mugaye 156 sun sake fasalin yanayin rayuwa a cikin ƙaramin garin nan sama da shekaru 300 da suka gabata. Tafiya cikin Salzburg, ana iya ganin Mozart ko'ina. A ranar 27 ga Janairu, 1756, an haife babban mawaƙin Mozart a Titin Hatsi na 9 a cikin garin. A cikin 1917 gidan Mozart ya zama gidan kayan gargajiya. |