Otirishiya, izina ryuzuye rya Repubulika ya Otirishiya, rifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 83,858, ni igihugu kidafite inkombe giherereye mu majyepfo y’Uburayi bwo hagati. Irahana imbibe na Silovakiya na Hongiriya mu burasirazuba, Siloveniya n'Ubutaliyani mu majyepfo, Ubusuwisi na Liechtenstein mu burengerazuba, n'Ubudage na Repubulika ya Ceki mu majyaruguru. Imisozi ifite 70% by'ubutaka bw'igihugu. Umusozi wa Alpes mu burasirazuba unyura ku butaka bwose uhereye iburengerazuba ugana iburasirazuba.Umusozi wa Grossglockner uri kuri metero 3,797 hejuru y’inyanja, akaba ari impinga ndende mu gihugu. Amajyaruguru y'uburasirazuba ni ikibaya cya Vienne, naho amajyaruguru n'amajyepfo y'uburasirazuba ni imisozi n'ibibaya. Umugezi wa Danube unyura mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba kandi ufite uburebure bwa kilometero 350. Hariho ikiyaga cya Constance gisangiwe n'Ubudage n'Ubusuwisi n'ikiyaga cya Neusiedl ku mupaka uhuza Otirishiya na Hongiriya. Ifite ikirere kigufi gifite amababi y’amashyamba kiva mu nyanja kijya ku mugabane wa Afurika, aho impuzandengo y’imvura igera kuri mm 700.

Igihugu kigabanyijemo leta 9, imijyi 15 ifite ubwigenge, uturere 84 n’imidugudu 2,355 kurwego rwo hasi. Intara 9 ni: Burgenland, Carinthia, Otirishiya yo hejuru, Otirishiya yo hepfo, Salzburg, Styria, Tyrol, Vorarlberg, Vienne. Hano hari imijyi, uturere, imijyi (imidugudu) munsi ya leta.

Muri 400 mbere ya Yesu, Abaselite bashinze ubwami bwa Noricon hano. Yigaruriwe n'Abaroma mu 15 mbere ya Yesu. Mu ntangiriro zo hagati, Abagoti, Bavariya, na Alemanni batuye hano, bituma ako gace kaba Abadage n'Abakristo. Mu 996 nyuma ya Yesu, "Otirishiya" yavuzwe bwa mbere mu bitabo byamateka. Abadage bashinze ingoma yumuryango wa Babenberg hagati yikinyejana cya 12 bahinduka igihugu cyigenga. Yatewe n'Ingoma ntagatifu y'Abaroma mu 1276, maze mu 1278, ingoma ya Habsburg itangira ubutegetsi bw'imyaka 640. Mu 1699, yatsindiye uburenganzira bwo gutegeka Hongiriya. Mu 1804, Franz II yafashe izina ry'Umwami w'abami wa Otirishiya, ahatirwa kwegura ku mwanya w'Umwami w'abami w'Abami b'Abaroma mu 1806. Mu 1815, nyuma y’inama yabereye i Vienne, hashyizweho ihuriro ry’Abadage riyobowe na Otirishiya. Inzibacyuho ku bwami bugendera ku itegekonshinga kuva 1860 kugeza 1866. Mu 1866, yatsinzwe mu ntambara ya Prussia na Otirishiya maze ahatirwa gusesa Umuryango w'Abadage. Umwaka ukurikira, hasinywe amasezerano na Hongiriya yo gushinga ubwami bubiri bwa Australiya-Hongiriya. Mu Ntambara ya Mbere y'Isi Yose, ingabo za Otirishiya zatsinzwe maze ingoma irasenyuka. Otirishiya yatangaje ko hashyizweho repubulika ku ya 12 Ugushyingo 1918. Yigaruriwe n'Ubudage bw'Abanazi muri Werurwe 1938. Yinjiye mu ntambara mu rwego rw'Ubudage mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose. Ingabo z’ubumwe zimaze kubohora Otirishiya, Otirishiya yashyizeho guverinoma y’agateganyo ku ya 27 Mata 1945. Muri Nyakanga muri uwo mwaka, Ubudage bumaze kwiyegurira, Otirishiya yongeye kwigarurirwa n’ingabo z’Abasoviyeti, Abanyamerika, Abongereza, n’Abafaransa, maze akarere kose kagabanyamo ibice 4 by’abakozi. Muri Gicurasi 1955, ibihugu bine byashyize umukono ku masezerano na Otirishiya bitangaza ko byubahiriza ubusugire bwa Otirishiya n'ubwigenge. Ukwakira 1955, ingabo zose zabigaruriye zarahagurutse. Ku ya 26 Ukwakira muri uwo mwaka, Inteko ishinga amategeko ya Otirishiya yemeje amategeko ahoraho, itangaza ko itazitabira ubumwe ubwo ari bwo bwose bwa gisirikare kandi ko itazemera ko hashyirwaho ibirindiro by'ingabo z’amahanga ku butaka bwayo.

Ibendera ry'igihugu: Ni urukiramende rufite igipimo cy'uburebure n'ubugari bwa 3: 2. Kuva hejuru kugeza hasi, byakozwe muguhuza urukiramende rutatu ruringaniye rw'urukiramende rutukura, rwera n'umutuku.Ikimenyetso cy'igihugu cya Otirishiya kiri hagati y'ibendera. Inkomoko y'iri bendera irashobora guhera ku Bwami bwa Otirishiya na Hongiriya.Bavuga ko mu gihe cy'intambara ikaze hagati ya Duke wa Babenberg n'Umwami Richard wa mbere w'Ubwongereza, imyenda yera ya Duke yari hafi ya yose itukura n'amaraso, hasigara ikimenyetso cyera gusa ku nkota. Kuva icyo gihe, ingabo za Duke zafashe umutuku, umweru n'umutuku nk'ibara ry'ibendera ry'intambara. Mu 1786, Umwami Yozefu wa II yakoresheje ibendera ry'umutuku, umweru, n'umutuku nk'ibendera ry'intambara y'ingabo, maze mu 1919 rishyirwaho ku mugaragaro nk'ibendera rya Otirishiya. Inzego za leta za Otirishiya, abaminisitiri, abaperezida n’abandi bahagarariye abayobozi n’inzego za Leta mu mahanga bose bakoresha ibendera ry’igihugu hamwe n’ikirangantego cy’igihugu, kandi muri rusange ntibakeneye ikirango cy’igihugu.

Otirishiya iherereye hagati y’Uburayi kandi ni ihuriro rikomeye ryo gutwara abantu mu Burayi. Inganda zikomeye za Otirishiya ni ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ibyuma, gukora imashini, ibikomoka kuri peteroli, amashanyarazi, gutunganya ibyuma, gukora imodoka, imyenda, imyenda, impapuro, ibiryo, n'ibindi. Inganda zikora ubucukuzi ni nto. Mu 2006, umusaruro rusange w’igihugu cya Otirishiya wari miliyari 309.346 z'amadolari y’Amerika, naho umuturage agera ku madolari 37.771. Inganda zibyuma zifite umwanya wingenzi mubukungu bwigihugu. Inganda zikora imiti muri Otirishiya zikungahaye ku bikoresho fatizo, nk'ibiti, peteroli, gaze gasanzwe hamwe n’amakara, bitanga uburyo bwiza bwo guteza imbere inganda z’imiti. Ibicuruzwa nyamukuru byimiti ni selile, ifumbire ya azote nibikomoka kuri peteroli. Inganda zikora imashini zitanga cyane cyane imashini zikoreshwa mu nganda, nka moteri y’amashanyarazi, kogosha amakara menshi, imashini zubaka umuhanda wa gari ya moshi, imashini zitunganya ibiti, n’ibikoresho byo gucukura. Inganda z’imodoka nizindi nzego zikomeye zinganda zikora imashini za Otirishiya. Ahanini ikora amakamyo, ibinyabiziga bitari mu muhanda, ibimashini, ibimashini, ibinyabiziga bitwara ibirwanisho n'ibice by'ibicuruzwa. Otirishiya ikungahaye ku mashyamba n'amazi. Amashyamba angana na 42% by'ubutaka bw'igihugu, hamwe na hegitari miliyoni 4 z'imirima y'amashyamba hamwe na metero kibe miliyoni 990 z'ibiti. Ubuhinzi bwateye imbere kandi urwego rwo gukanika ni rwinshi. Kurenza ibicuruzwa byihagije byubuhinzi. Abakozi bo mu nganda za serivisi bangana na 56% by'abakozi bose.Ubukerarugendo n’inganda zikomeye za serivisi. Ubukerarugendo bukuru ni Tyrol, Salzburg, Carinthia na Vienne. Ubucuruzi bw’amahanga bwa Otirishiya bufite umwanya ukomeye mu bukungu. Ibicuruzwa nyamukuru byoherezwa mu mahanga ni ibyuma, imashini, ubwikorezi, imiti n'ibiribwa. Ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ahanini ni ingufu, ibikoresho fatizo n'ibicuruzwa. Ubuhinzi bwateye imbere.

Iyo bigeze muri Otirishiya, ntamuntu uzi umuziki na opera. Amateka ya Otirishiya yabyaye abahanzi benshi bazwi ku isi: Haydn, Mozart, Schubert, Johann Strauss, na Beethoven wavukiye mu Budage ariko aba muri Otirishiya igihe kirekire. Mu binyejana birenga bibiri, aba bayobozi ba muzika basize umurage gakondo wumuco muri Otirishiya kandi bashiraho umuco gakondo wigihugu. Iserukiramuco rya muzika rya Salzburg muri Otirishiya ni rimwe mu minsi mikuru ya muzika ya kera, yo mu rwego rwo hejuru kandi nini cyane ku isi. Igitaramo ngarukamwaka cyabereye i Vienne gishobora gusobanurwa nkigitaramo cyumvwa cyane ku isi. Yubatswe mu 1869, Royal Opera House (ubu izwi ku izina rya Opera ya Leta ya Vienne) ni imwe mu mazu azwi cyane ya opera ku isi, kandi Orchestre Philharmonic ya Vienne izwi nka orchestre ya simfoni ya mbere ku isi.

Byongeye kandi, Otirishiya yanagaragaye hamwe n'abantu bazwi ku isi nka psychologue uzwi cyane witwa Freud, abanditsi b'ibitabo bazwi cyane Zweig na Kafka.

Nkigihugu kizwi cyane cyu Burayi gifite imigenzo y’umuco, Otirishiya yazigamye ahantu henshi h’amateka kuva mu gihe cyagati. Ingoro ya Vienne Schönbrunn, Opera ya Leta ya Vienne, Inzu y'ibitaramo ya Vienne, n'ibindi, byose bikurura ba mukerarugendo bazwi cyane ku isi. .

Vienne: umujyi uzwi cyane ku isi-umurwa mukuru wa Otirishiya (Vienne) uherereye mu kibaya cya Vienne mu majyaruguru ya Alpes mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba bwa Otirishiya. Uzengurutswe n'imisozi ku mpande eshatu, uruzi rwa Danube runyura mu mujyi, kandi ruzengurutswe n'icyamamare. Vienne Woods. Abaturage bari miliyoni 1.563 (2000). Mu kinyejana cya mbere nyuma ya Yesu, Abanyaroma bubatse ikigo. Mu 1137, wari umujyi wa mbere w'Ubutware bwa Otirishiya. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 13, hamwe n'izamuka ry'umuryango wa cyami wa Habsburg n'iterambere ryihuse, inyubako nziza za Gothique zimaze kumera nk'ibihumyo. Nyuma yikinyejana cya 15, yabaye umurwa mukuru w’ingoma ntagatifu y’Abaroma n’ikigo cy’ubukungu cy’Uburayi. Mu kinyejana cya 18, Maria Tielezia yari ashishikajwe n'ivugurura ku ngoma ye, yibasira ingabo z'itorero, ateza imbere imibereho myiza y'abaturage, kandi muri icyo gihe azana iterambere ry'ubuhanzi, bituma Vienne ihinduka buhoro buhoro ihuriro ry'umuziki gakondo w'i Burayi maze imenyekana ku "Umujyi wa Muzika". .

Vienne izwi nka "Ikimanakazi cya Danube". Ibidukikije ni byiza kandi nyaburanga birashimishije. Uzamuke mu misozi ya Alpes mu burengerazuba bw'umujyi, urashobora kubona "Ishyamba rya Vienne" ridasubirwaho; iburasirazuba bw'umujyi uhanganye n'ikibaya cya Danube, kandi ushobora kwirengagiza impinga z'icyatsi kibengerana z'imisozi ya Karipati. Ibyatsi bigari bigana mumajyaruguru ni nkibiti binini byatsi, kandi Danube irabagirana iranyuramo. Amazu yubatswe kumusozi, hamwe ninyubako nyinshi zahujwe, hamwe ninzego zitandukanye. Urebye kure, inyubako zitorero zuburyo butandukanye zitera ibara rya kera kandi rikomeye mumujyi ufite imisozi yatsi n'amazi meza. Imihanda yo mumujyi imeze nkimpeta ya radiyo, ubugari bwa metero 50, kandi umujyi w'imbere uri munzira izengurutswe n'ibiti kumpande zombi. Imihanda ya kaburimbo mumujyi w'imbere iranyuze hejuru, ifite inyubako ndende ndende cyane cyane inyubako ya Baroque, Gothique na Romanesque.

Izina rya Vienne rihora rihuzwa numuziki. Abahanga benshi mu muziki, nka Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, John Strauss na Sons, Gryuk na Brahms, bamaze imyaka myinshi muri uyu mwuga wa muzika. "Quartet yumwami" ya Haydn, "Ubukwe bwa Figaro" ya Mozart, "Symphony of Destiny" ya Beethoven, "Symphony of Pastoral", "Moonlight Sonata", "Intwari Symphony", Schubert "Swan of the Swan" Umuziki uzwi cyane nka "Indirimbo", "Urugendo rwubukonje", "Ubururu bwa Danube" ya John Strauss, "Inkuru y’ishyamba rya Vienne" n’indi miziki izwi yavukiye hano. Parike nyinshi hamwe na kare bihagarara hamwe nibishusho byabo, kandi imihanda myinshi, inzu yimyidagaduro, hamwe n’amazu yinama yitiriwe aba bahanzi. Ahahoze hatuwe n’amarimbi yabacuranzi burigihe abantu basura kandi bakubaha. Uyu munsi, Vienne ifite Opera ya Leta nziza cyane ku isi, inzu y'ibitaramo izwi cyane na orchestre yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Igitaramo cy'umwaka mushya kibera muri salle ya Zahabu y'Ishyirahamwe ry'umuziki rya Vienne ku ya 1 Mutarama buri mwaka.

Usibye New York na Geneve, Vienne ni umujyi wa gatatu w’umuryango w’abibumbye. Ikigo mpuzamahanga cya Otirishiya, kizwi kandi ku izina rya "Umuryango w’abibumbye", cyubatswe mu 1979, ni cyiza kandi ni ihuriro ry’ibigo byinshi by’Umuryango w’abibumbye.

Salzburg: Salzburg (Salzburg) n'umurwa mukuru wa leta ya Salzburg mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bwa Otirishiya, ihana imbibi n'umugezi wa Salzach, uruzi rwa Danube, kandi ni ikigo gishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu, inganda n'ubukerarugendo mu majyaruguru ya Otirishiya. Aha niho havuka umuhimbyi ukomeye Mozart, uzwi nka "Centre yubuhanzi". Salzburg yashinzwe nk'umujyi mu 1077, kandi yari ikigo cy’ibikorwa bya Arkiyepiskopi Gatolika mu kinyejana cya 8 na 18. Salzburg yitandukanije n'ubutegetsi bw'amadini mu 1802. Mu 1809, yasubijwe i Bavariya hakurikijwe Amasezerano ya Schönbrunn, maze Kongere y'i Vienne (1814-1815) ifata icyemezo cyo kuyisubiza muri Otirishiya.

Ubuhanzi bwububatsi hano bugereranywa nu Butaliyani bwa Venise na Florence, kandi buzwi nka "Roma y'Amajyaruguru". Uyu mujyi uherereye ku nkombe z'umugezi wa Salzach, ushyizwe mu mpinga ya Alpine yuzuye urubura. Umujyi ukikijwe n'imisozi ihanamye, yuzuye ubwiza. Holchen Salzburg (ikinyejana cya 11) kumusozi wamajyepfo yinkombe yiburyo yuruzi, nyuma yimyaka 900 yumuyaga n imvura, iracyahagaze neza kandi ihagaze neza. Benedigito Abbey yubatswe mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 7 kandi kuva kera ni ihuriro ry'ivugabutumwa ryaho. Itorero rya Franciscan ryubatswe mu 1223. Yubatswe mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 17, katedrali yigana Itorero ryera i Roma ni yo nyubako ya mbere yubatswe mu Butaliyani muri Otirishiya. Inzu ya Arkiyepiskopi ni ingoro ya Renaissance kuva mu kinyejana cya 16 kugeza mu cya 18. Ingoro ya Mirabell yabanje kuba ingoro yubatswe na Arkiyepiskopi wa Salzburg mu kinyejana cya 17. Yaguwe mu kinyejana cya 18, ubu ikaba ari ikigo cy’ubukerarugendo kirimo ingoro, amatorero, ubusitani, n’ingoro ndangamurage. Mu majyepfo yumujyi hari ubusitani bwibwami bwubatswe mu kinyejana cya 17, buzwi ku izina rya "umukino wamazi". Munsi ya eva kuruhande rwumuryango winyubako mu busitani, hari imiyoboro y'amazi yo munsi y'ubutaka kumpande zombi z'umuhanda zitera rimwe na rimwe, zimena amazi, umwenda wimvura hamwe na bariyeri. Kugenda mu buvumo bwubatswe mu busitani, amazi yatonyanga yumvikanye amajwi 26 y’inyoni, akora indirimbo nziza y’inyoni kumusozi wubusa. Kuri stade igenzurwa nigikoresho cya mashini, binyuze mumazi, abagome 156 berekanye ubuzima bwumujyi muto hano hashize imyaka irenga 300. Kugenda muri Salzburg, Mozart irashobora kugaragara ahantu hose. Ku ya 27 Mutarama 1756, umuhimbyi ukomeye Mozart yavukiye ku muhanda wa 9 Grain mu mujyi. Mu 1917 inzu ya Mozart yahinduwe inzu ndangamurage.