Ugqabantshiso

INigeria, igama elipheleleyo leRiphabhlikhi yaseNigeria, ligubungela ummandla weekhilomitha ezingama-920,000. INepal imi kumazantsi mpuma eNtshona Afrika, emazantsi oLwandlekazi lweAtlantic kunye neGulf of Guinea. Imida iBenin ngasentshona, iNiger emantla, iChad ukuya emantla mpuma ukunqumla iLake Chad, kunye neCameroon empuma nasempuma mpuma. Unxweme luziikhilomitha ezingama-800 ubude. Indawo iphakamileyo emantla kwaye isezantsi emazantsi. Unxweme luyithafa elimile okwebhanti elinobubanzi obumalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-80; emazantsi ziinduli eziphantsi kwaye uninzi lwendawo leyo ziimitha ezingama-200-500 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle; embindini yiNiger-Benue Valley; iindawo eziphakamileyo ezisemantla eHausalan Heights zigqitha ummandla welizwe ngekota, ukuphakama komndilili Iimitha ezingama-900; umda osempuma weentaba, umntla-ntshona kunye nomntla mpuma yiSokoto Basin kunye neLake Chad West Basin ngokwahlukeneyo. Mininzi imilambo, iNiger River kunye neBenue River yeyona milambo iphambili, kwaye iNiger River iyi-1,400 yeekhilomitha ubude kulo mmandla. Inemozulu yemozulu yetropiki enamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nemvula, unyaka wonke wohlulwe waba lixesha lonyaka elomileyo nelineemvula, iqondo lobushushu lonyaka ngama-26 ukuya kuma-27 ℃.

I-Federalism iyenziwa. Kukho amanqanaba amathathu orhulumente: federal, urhulumente kunye nasekhaya. Ngo-Okthobha u-1996, indawo yolawulo yahlulwa phakathi, kwaye ilizwe lahlulwa laba yi-1 Federal Capital Region, 36 ithi, kunye no-774 boorhulumente basekhaya.

INigeria yimpucuko yakudala yase-Afrika.Yayinenkcubeko ephucukileyo noko ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamawaka amabini eyadlulayo. Iinkcubeko ezidumileyo zaseNok, Ife kunye neBenin zenza iNigeria yonwabele igama le-Afrika "Cradle of Culture". Kwinkulungwane ye-8th AD, i-Zaghawa nomads yaseka ubukhosi baseKanem-Bornu ejikeleze iLake Chad. Ukususela ngekhulu le-14 ukuya kwele-16, ubukhosi baseThaihai bachuma. IPortugal yahlasela ngo-1472. I-Bhritane yahlasela ngenkulungwane ye-16. Yaba yithanga laseBritane kwi1914 kwaye yabizwa ngokuba yi "Nigeria Colony and Protectorate". Ngo-1947, i-Bhritane yamkela umgaqo-siseko wase-Nigeria kwaye yamisela urhulumente. Kwi-1954, i-Federation yaseNigeria yafumana ukuzimela ngaphakathi. Yabhengeza inkululeko ngo-Okthobha 1, 1960 kwaye yaba lilungu le-Commonwealth. IRiphabhlikhi yaseNigeria yasekwa nge-1 ka-Okthobha ka-1963.

Iflegi yesizwe: Luxande oxwesileyo nolungelelwaniso lobude kububanzi be-2: 1. Umphezulu weflegi uqulethwe ngoxande abathathu abalinganayo nabalinganayo ngokuluhlaza kumacala omabini nomhlophe embindini. Oluhlaza lubonakalisa ezolimo, kwaye umhlophe ubonakalisa uxolo nobunye.

INigeria lelona lizwe linabantu abaninzi eAfrika, elinabemi abazizigidi ezili-140 (2006). Kukho amaqela ezizwe angaphezu kwama-250 kweli lizwe, phakathi kwezona zizwe ziphambili ngamaHausa-Fulani emantla, amaYoruba kumazantsi-ntshona kunye neIgbo empuma. Iilwimi eziphambili zelizwe laseNepal sisiHausa, isiYoruba nesiIgbo, kwaye isiNgesi lulwimi olusemthethweni. Phakathi kwabahlali, ama-50% akholelwa kwi-Islam, i-40% kubuKristu, kunye ne-10% kwabanye.

INigeria lelona lizwe livelisa i-oyile e-Afrika kwaye ikwindawo yeshumi ehlabathini ukuvelisa i-oyile ikwayilungu loMbutho waMazwe aThumela iiPetroli (OPEC). Iindawo zokugcina ioli zeNigeria eziqinisekisiweyo ziyi-35.2 yezigidigidi zemigodi kunye nemveliso yemihla ngemihla yezigidi ezi-2.5 zemigodi yeoyile ekrwada. INigeria yayililizwe lezolimo kwiintsuku zokuqala kwenkululeko.kuye i-1970s, ishishini le-petroleum lenyuka laza laba lishishini leentsika kuqoqosho lwelizwe. Okwangoku, ixabiso lemveliso ye-petroleum libalelwa kwi-20% ukuya kwi-30% yemveliso yasekhaya yaseNigeria.I-95% yengeniso yotshintshiselwano lwangaphandle eNigeria kunye ne-80% yengeniso kurhulumente womanyano ithathwa kumzi-mveliso wepetroleum. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ixabiso lonyaka lokuthumela ngaphandle ioyile yaseNigeria lidlule kwiibhiliyoni zeedola zaseMelika. INigeria ikwacebile kwirhasi yendalo kunye nezixhobo zamalahle. Indawo yaseNigeria eqinisekisiweyo yokugcina igesi ifikelela kwi-5 trillion cubic metres, naphakathi kwezona ziphezulu ehlabathini. INigeria inovimba bamalahle abamalunga ne-2.75 yezigidigidi zeetoni kwaye kuphela kwelizwe elivelisa amalahle eNtshona Afrika.

Owona mveliso uphambili eNigeria ziindwangu, ukuhlanganiswa kwezithuthi, ukulungiswa kwemithi, isamente, isiselo kunye nokulungiswa kokutya, ikakhulu kugxile eLagos nakwiindawo ezikufutshane. Iziseko zophuhliso zonakele ixesha elide, inqanaba lobuchwephesha lisezantsi, kwaye uninzi lweemveliso zeshishini zisaxhomekeke ekungenisweni elizweni. Ezolimo zi-40% ye-GDP. I-70% yabasebenzi kweli iyazibandakanya kwezolimo. Ezona ndawo ziphambili zemveliso yezolimo zigxile kwingingqi esemantla. Indlela yemveliso yezolimo isekwe kuqoqosho lwabalimi abakhasayo.Iinkozo azinakho ukuzimela, kwaye isixa esikhulu sokungenisa elizweni sisafuneka minyaka le.

Iidolophu eziphambili

I-Abuja: Idolophu enkulu yaseNigeria, i-Abuja (Abuja) ibekwe kwiNiger State Intsimi yindawo apho kuhlala khona izizwe ezincinci zabantu baseGwari, yindawo ekudibana kuyo iNiger, Kaduna, Plateau kunye neKvara. Imalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-500 ukusuka eLagos kwaye liziko lendawo yelizwe. Ime kumazantsi mpuma e-Central Plateau, indawo enentaba yetropiki, enabemi abambalwa, umoya omtsha kunye neendawo ezintle.

Kwi-1975, urhulumente wezomkhosi wase-Muhammad wabeka phambili isindululo sokwakha ikomkhulu elitsha. Ngo-Okthobha u-1979, urhulumente wase-Sakari woRhulumente wamkela ngokusesikweni ipropathi yekomkhulu elitsha, i-Abuja, kwaye waqala isigaba sokuqala sokwakha. Ukufuduka ngokusuka eLagos ngoDisemba 1991. Abemi bamalunga ne-400,000 (2001).

ILagos: ILagos (lagos) yidolophu enkulu yakudala yeRiphabhlikhi yaseNigeria. InesiQithi seLagos, iIkoyi Island, iVictoria Island kunye nomhlaba omkhulu.Ugubungela ummandla omalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-43. Abemi besixeko esikhulu bazizigidi ezi-4, abemi basezidolophini bali-1.44 yezigidi.

Abemi bokuqala abeza eLagos yayingamaYoruba asuka eNigeria, kwaye kamva bafudusa amaBenin. Emva kokuba beze apha, bamisa iishedi ezilula kwaye bazibandakanya nokulima kunye nokutyala.Ngoko ke, igama lokuqala laseLagos yayingu "Eco" okanye "Youco", elithetha "inkampu yenkampu", ekwasetyenziswa ngolwimi lwesiYoruba. Lithetha "ifama". Xa iinqanawa zabarhwebi abangamaPhuthukezi zazihamba zisiya emazantsi zisiya eLagos kunxweme lwaseNtshona Afrika ngenkulungwane ye-15, kwakusele kukho iidolophu ezincinci kwesi siqithi. Bavula njengezibuko balibiza ngokuba yi "Lago de Gulamo"; kamva, bayibiza ngokuba yi "Lagos". NgesiPhuthukezi, "iLagos" lithetha "ichibi lamanzi anetyuwa".

I-Lagos ayisiyi-capital kuphela yaseNigeria, kodwa ikwangumbindi omkhulu wezorhwebo kunye noworhwebo. Uninzi lwamashishini amancinci, aphakathi kunye amakhulu agxile apha, kubandakanya amatye amakhulu okusila, iicocoa zokulungisa, amalaphu, izinto zeekhemikhali, ukwakha iinqanawa, ukulungiswa kwezithuthi, izixhobo zentsimbi, ukwenza iphepha, ukusarha iinkuni kunye nezinye iifektri. Eyona ndawo inkulu yorhwebo ikwi-Lagos Island, apho kukho ukhenketho, i-inshurensi kunye nemizi-mveliso yokupapasha. ILagos ikwayindawo egxile kwinkcubeko nakwimfundo yesizwe.Kukho iYunivesithi yaseLagos, amathala eencwadi, iimyuziyam kunye nezinye izinto zenkcubeko.