Bahrain, the full name of the Kingdom of Bahrain, is an island country located in the middle of the Persian Gulf, covering an area of ​​706.5 square kilometers. It is between Qatar and Saudi Arabia, 24 kilometers from the east coast of Saudi Arabia and 28 kilometers from the west coast of Qatar. It is composed of 36 islands of varying sizes including Bahrain. The largest is Bahrain. The topography of the islands is low and flat, and the topography of the main island gradually rises from the coast to the inland. The highest point is 135 meters above sea level. Is a tropical desert climate.

Cities were built in 3000 BC. The Phoenicians came here in 1000 BC. It became part of the Basra Province of the Arab Empire in the 7th century. It was occupied by the Portuguese from 1507-1602. It was under the rule of the Persian Empire in 1602-1782. In 1783, they drove out the Persians and declared independence. The British invaded in 1820 and forced it to sign a general peace treaty in the Persian Gulf. In 1880 and 1892, Britain forced it to sign political and military treaties successively and became Britain's protectorate. In 1933, Britain seized the right to exploit oil in Bahrain. In November 1957, the British government declared that Bahrain was "an independent emirate under British protection." In March 1971, Britain announced that all treaties signed between Britain and the Persian Gulf emirates ended at the end of the same year. On August 14, 1971, Bahrain gained complete independence. On February 14, 2002, the Emirate of Bahrain was renamed the "Kingdom of Bahrain" and the head of state Amir was renamed the King.

National flag: It is a horizontal rectangle with a ratio of length to width of about 5:3. The flag surface is composed of red and white. The side of the flag pole is white, accounting for about one-fifth of the flag surface, the right side is red, and the junction of red and white is jagged.

Bahrain has a population of 690,000 (2001). Bahraini account for 66% of the total population, and the others are from India, Palestine, Bangladesh, Iran, Philippines and Oman. Arabic is the official language, and English is commonly used. Most residents believe in Islam, of which Shia accounted for 75%.

Bahrain is the first country to exploit oil in the Gulf region. Oil revenue accounts for 1/6 of GDP and more than half of government revenue and public expenditure.

Manama: Manama is the capital of Bahrain, the largest city in the country, and the national economic, transportation, trade and cultural center. At the same time, it is also an important financial center, important port and trade transfer station in the Gulf region, enjoying the reputation of "Pearl of the Persian Gulf". Located in the middle of the Persian Gulf, the northeast corner of Bahrain Island. The climate is mild and the scenery is beautiful. From November to March every year, it is mild and pleasant. From June to September, there is less rain and it is a hot summer. The population is 209,000 (2002), accounting for nearly one third of the total population of Bahrain.

Manama has a long history, and Islamic chronicles mention that Manama can be traced back to at least 1345. It was ruled by the Portuguese in 1521 and by the Persians in 1602. It has been ruled by the Arab Emir family since 1783, during which it was interrupted several times. Manama was declared a free port in 1958 and became the capital of independent Bahrain in 1971.

The city is full of date palm trees and sweet springs, and many orchards produce a variety of fresh fruits. On both sides of the city’s streets, green shades cover the empty space. There are many kinds of dates and palms in the front and back of the houses. It is a rare green city in the bay. The farmland and orchards in the suburbs are mostly irrigated with spring water, and the spring water gushing from the underground forms small lakes and streams, making the scenery of the island capital appear particularly soft. There are many historical sites in the city. On the outskirts of the city, there is a Khamis Market Mosque built in the time of Caliph Omar bin Abdul Aziz. This mosque built in 692 AD is still intact.

Most of the country’s industries are concentrated in southern Manama, mainly oil refining, as well as petrochemicals, natural gas processing, seawater desalination, sailboat manufacturing, and fish canning industries. Xiang is a pearl collection base in the Persian Gulf and a major fishery. Export oil, dates, leather, pearls, etc. In 1962, a deep-water port was built in Miller Salman, southeast of the city.