Poland, the full name of the Republic of Poland, covers an area of ​​more than 310,000 square kilometers. It is located in the northeastern part of Central Europe, bordered by the Baltic Sea to the north, Germany to the west, Czechia and Slovakia to the south, and Belarus and Ukraine to the northeast and southeast. The coastline is 528 kilometers long. The terrain is low in the north and high in the south, with a concave central part. Plains below 200 meters above sea level account for about 72% of the country's area. The main mountains are the Carpathian Mountains and the Sudeten Mountains. The larger rivers are the Vistula (1047 kilometers long) and the Oder (742 kilometers long in Poland). The largest lake is Lake Hignardvi, covering an area of ​​109.7 square kilometers. The whole territory belongs to the temperate broad-leaved forest climate transitioning from maritime to continental climate.

In July 1998, the Polish House of Representatives passed a resolution changing 49 provinces across the country into 16 provinces, and at the same time re-establishing the county system, from the current provinces and townships to provinces, counties, The three-level township consists of 16 provinces, 308 counties, and 2489 townships.

The Polish country originated from the alliance of the tribes of Poland, Wisla, Silesia, Eastern Pomerania, and Mazovia among the West Slavs. The feudal dynasty was established in the 9th and 10th centuries, 14 and 15 The century entered its heyday and began to decline in the second half of the 18th century. It was divided by Tsarist Russia, Prussia, and Austro-Hungary three times. In the 19th century, the Polish people held several armed uprisings for independence. Independence was restored on November 11, 1918, and a bourgeois republic was established. In September 1939, Fascist Germany invaded Poland, and World War II broke out. German Nazi troops occupied all of Poland. In July 1944, the Soviet Army and the Polish Army formed in the Soviet Union entered Poland. On the 22nd, the Polish National Liberation Committee announced the birth of a new Polish country. In April 1989, the Polish Parliament passed a constitutional amendment confirming the legalization of the Solidarity Trade Union and decided to implement a presidential system and parliamentary democracy. The People’s Republic of Poland was renamed the Republic of Poland on December 29, 1989.

National flag: It is a horizontal rectangle with a ratio of length to width of about 8:5. The flag surface is composed of two parallel and equal horizontal rectangles on the upper white and lower red. White not only symbolizes the white eagle in ancient legends, but also symbolizes purity, expressing the Polish people’s desire for freedom, peace, democracy, and happiness; red symbolizes blood and victory in the revolutionary struggle.

Poland has a population of 38.157 million (December 2005). Among them, the Polish nationality accounted for 98%, in addition to Ukrainian, Belarusian, Lithuanian, Russian, German and Jewish minorities. The official language is Polish. About 90% of the country’s residents believe in the Roman God.

Poland is rich in mineral resources, the main minerals are coal, sulfur, copper, zinc, lead, aluminum, silver and so on. In 2000, the reserves of hard coal were 45.362 billion tons, lignite 13.984 billion tons, sulfur 504 million tons, and copper 2.485 billion tons. Amber is rich in reserves, valued at nearly 100 billion U.S. dollars. It is the world's largest amber producer and has a history of mining amber for hundreds of years. The industry is dominated by coal mining, machine building, shipbuilding, automobiles and steel. In 2001, there were 18.39 million hectares of agricultural land. In 2001, the rural population accounted for 38.3% of the national population. The number of agricultural employment accounts for 28.3% of the total employment. Poland is one of the top ten tourist countries in the world. The Baltic harbor with pleasant climate, the beautiful Carpathian Mountains, and the ingenious Wieliczka salt mine attract countless tourists every year. People here understand that forests are the protagonist of protecting the ecological environment, so they love forests as life. Poland has a forest area of ​​more than 8.89 million hectares, with a forest coverage rate of nearly 30%. People who are new to Poland are often intoxicated by this poetic and green world. Tourism has become the main source of Polish foreign exchange income.

Warsaw: The capital of Poland, Warsaw (Warsaw) is located in the central plains of Poland. The Vistula River runs through the city from south to north. It has low-lying terrain, mild climate, moderate rainfall, and an average annual rainfall of 500 mm. It is a land of fish and rice in Poland. The population is 1.7 million (December 2005) and the area is 485.3 square kilometers. The ancient city of Warsaw was first built in the 13th century as a medieval town on the Vistula River. In 1596, King Zygmunt Vasa III of Poland moved the emperor and the central government from Krakow to Warsaw, and Warsaw became the capital. It was severely damaged during the Swedish War from 1655 to 1657, and was repeatedly invaded and divided by powerful countries. After Poland was restored in 1918, it was once again designated as the capital. During the Second World War, the city suffered devastating damage and 85% of the buildings were destroyed by bombing.

Warsaw is the political, economic, and cultural center of Poland. Its industries include steel, machinery manufacturing (precision machinery, lathes, etc.), automobiles, motors, pharmaceuticals, chemistry, textiles, etc., with electronics, electromechanical, Food-based. The tourism industry is developed, with 172 tourist attractions and 12 visiting routes. There are 14 colleges and universities in the city. The University of Warsaw established in the 19th century is known for its rich collection of books. There is also a botanical garden and a weather station on the campus. In addition, there are Polish Academy of Sciences, Opera House, Concert Hall and the "10th Anniversary Stadium" that can accommodate nearly 100,000 spectators in the urban area.

After the liberation of Poland in 1945, the government rebuilt the old city as it was in Warsaw, maintaining its medieval style and appearance, and expanding the new urban area. The west bank of the Vistula is the old city, surrounded by red brick inner walls of the 13th century and outer walls of the 14th century, surrounded by ancient castles. Here gathers the majestic and majestic red spire buildings in the Middle Ages, the ancient castle known as the "Polish National Cultural Monument"-the former royal palace, and many ancient buildings from the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. Krasinski Palace is the most beautiful Baroque building in Warsaw. Lazienki Palace is an outstanding masterpiece of Polish classicism. There are also buildings such as the Church of the Holy Cross, the Church of St. John, the Roman Church, and the Russian Church. The Holy Cross Church is the resting place of the great Polish composer Chopin. There are towering monuments, statues or casts all over the city. The bronze statue of a mermaid on the Vistula River is not only the emblem of Warsaw, but also a symbol of the bravery and unyielding of the Polish people. The bronze statue of Chopin in Lazienki Park stands beside a huge fountain. The statues of Kirinsky, the leader of the April Uprising in Warsaw, and the statues of Prince Poniadowski, were brave and heroic. The headquarters of the Warsaw People’s August Uprising, which represents the revolutionary tradition, and the birthplace of Dzerzhinsky’s creation of the Republic of Poland, are also in the old city. The home of the world-famous physicist and discoverer of radium, Madame Curie’s birthplace, and Chopin’s former residence have been turned into museums.