Poland, aha zuru oke nke Republic of Poland, kpuchiri ebe karịrị kilomita 310,000. Ọ dị na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ Central Europe, nke dị n'akụkụ Oké Osimiri Baltic n'akụkụ ugwu, Germany n'akụkụ ọdịda anyanwụ, Czechia na Slovakia na ndịda, na Belarus na Ukraine na ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ na ndịda ọwụwa anyanwụ. Ala gbara osimiri gburugburu dị kilomita 528. Ala ahụ dị ala na mgbago ugwu na elu na ndịda, yana akụkụ etiti etiti concave. Ala dị larịị 200 mita dị elu karịa oke osimiri nwere ihe dịka 72% nke mpaghara obodo. Ugwu ndị bụ isi bụ ugwu Carpathian na ugwu Sudeten. Osimiri buru ibu bụ Vistula (kilomita 1047 ogologo) na Oder (742 kilomita ogologo na Poland). Osimiri kachasị ukwuu bụ Lake Hinaardvi, na-ekpuchi mpaghara nke kilomita 109.7. Territorykèala ahụ dum bụ nke ihu igwe na-ekpo ọkụ nke sara mbara nke na-agbanwe site na mmiri gaa na ihu igwe.

Na Julaị 1998, Polish House of Representatives wepụtara mkpebi na-agbanwe mpaghara 49 gafee mba ahụ gaa na mpaghara 16, ma n'otu oge ahụ ịmegharị usoro mpaghara, site na mpaghara na obodo ndị dị ugbu a gaa mpaghara, ógbè, Obodo nke atọ nwere mpaghara 16, ógbè 308, na obodo 2489.

Mba Polish sitere na njikọta nke agbụrụ nke Poland, Wisla, Silesia, Eastern Pomerania, na Mazovia n'etiti West Slav. E guzobere usoro ndị eze na narị afọ nke 9 na nke 10, 14 na 15 Narị afọ gara aga n'oge ya dị elu wee malite ịda na ọkara nke abụọ nke narị afọ 18. Ekewara ya ugboro atọ site na ndị Tsarist Russia, Prussia na Alaeze Austro-Hungaria. Na narị afọ nke 19, ndị Poland nwere nnupụisi dị iche iche maka nnwere onwe. Enweghachi nnwere onwe na November 11, 1918, e guzobekwara Republic of bourgeois. Na September 1939, Fascist Germany wakporo Poland, Agha IIwa nke Abụọ tiwapụrụ, ndị agha Nazi nke Germany weghaara Poland nile. Na July 1944, ndị agha Soviet na Polish Army guzobere na Soviet Union batara Poland na 22 na 22, Kọmitii Nnwere Onwe Mba nke Poland mara ọkwa ọmụmụ nke mba Polish ọhụrụ. Na Eprel 1989, ndị omeiwu Polish mere mmụba nke iwu na-akwado nkwado iwu nke Solidarity Trade Union wee kpebie itinye usoro onye isi ala na ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya. Wotintim ’swɛn-Aban a na wɔato din People’s Republic of Poland wɔ December 29, 1989 no.

Ọkọlọtọ mba: Ọ bụ rectangle kwụ ọtọ na nha nke ogologo na obosara nke ihe 8: 5. Ọkọlọtọ elu emi esịnede abụọ yiri na nhata kehoraizin kehoraizin n'akụkụ na-acha ọcha n'akụkụ na-acha ọbara ọbara n'akụkụ. Ọ bụghị naanị na-acha ọcha na-egosipụta ugo ọcha na akụkọ mgbe ochie, kamakwa na-egosipụta ịdị ọcha, na-ekwupụta ọchịchọ ndị Poland nwere maka nnwere onwe, udo, ọchịchị onye kwuo uche ya, na obi ụtọ; acha ọbara ọbara na-anọchite ọbara na mmeri n'ọgụ nnupụisi.

Ọnụ ọgụgụ ndị Poland bi na 38,157 nde (Disemba 2005). N’etiti ha, ndị mba Polish gụpụtara 98%, na mgbakwunye na ndị Ukraine, Belarusian, Lithuanian, Russian, German na ndị Juu pere mpe. Asụsụ gọọmenti bụ asụsụ Poland. Ihe dịka 90% nke ndị bi na mba ahụ kwenyere na chi Rome.

Poland juputara na ihe ndi ozo, ihe ndi ozo bu coal, sulfur, copper, zinc, lead, aluminom, ọla ọcha na ihe ndi ozo. Ihe nchekwa nke coal siri ike na 2000 bụ ijeri tọn 45.362, lignite 13.984 ijeri tọn, sọlfọ 504 nde, na ọla kọpa 2.485 ijeri tọn. Amber bara ọgaranya, echekwara ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ijeri dollar 100 US. Ọ bụ onye na-emepụta amber kasịnụ na ụwa ma nwee akụkọ ihe mere eme nke amber na-egwupụta ọtụtụ narị afọ. Thelọ ọrụ a bụ ebe a na-egwupụta kol, ọrụ igwe, ụlọ ụgbọ mmiri, ụgbọala na nchara. Na 2001, enwere hekta 18.39 nke ala ubi. Na 2001, ndị bi n’ime ime obodo gụrụ 38.3% nke ndị bi na mba. Ọrụ ugbo were 28.3% nke ọrụ niile. Poland bụ otu n'ime obodo iri kachasị na-eme njem nleta na ụwa. Ọdụ Baltic nke nwere ihu igwe mara mma, Ugwu Carpathian mara mma, na Wieliczka nnu nwere ọgụgụ isi na-adọta ọtụtụ ndị njem nleta kwa afọ. Ndị mmadụ nọ ebe a ghọtara na oke ọhịa bụ ihe mbụ na-echekwa gburugburu ebe obibi, ya mere ha hụrụ oke ọhịa n'anya dị ka ndụ. Poland nwere oke ohia kariri 8,89 nde hectare, na oke ohia oke ohia nke ihe dika 30%. Ndi mmadu ohuru na Poland na-a intoụbiga mmanya oke mgbe uwa a. Njem nleta abụrụla isi ihe na-akpata mbubata ego ndị ọzọ na Poland.

Warsaw: Isi obodo Poland, Warsaw (Warsaw) dị na etiti ala dị larịị na Osimiri Vistula na-agafe obodo ahụ site na ndịda ruo n'ebe ugwu. O nwere udiri ala di ala, ihu igwe di ala, oke miri-ozuzo di ala, na udu mmiri ozuzo kwa afo nke 500 mm. O bu ala azu na osikapa na Poland. Ndị bi na ya bụ nde 1.7 (Disemba 2005) na mpaghara ya bụ square kilomita 485.3. E wuru obodo Warsaw mgbe ochie na narị afọ nke iri na atọ dịka obodo ochie na Osimiri Vistula. Na 1596, Eze Zygmunt Vasa III nke Poland bugara eze ukwu na gọọmentị etiti site na Krakow gaa Warsaw, Warsaw wee bụrụ isi obodo. O mebiri emebi n’oge agha Sweden site na 1655 ruo 1657, mba ndị dị ike wakporo ma kewaa ya ugboro ugboro. Mgbe Poland weghachisịrị na 1918, a họpụtara ya ọzọ dị ka isi obodo. N'oge Agha Worldwa nke Abụọ, obodo ahụ merụrụ nnukwu mbibi na 85% nke ụlọ ndị ahụ bibiri site na bọmbụ.

Warsaw bụ etiti ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba, na ọdịbendị nke Poland, ọrụ ya gụnyere nchara, imepụta igwe (nkenke igwe, lathes, wdg), ụgbọala, moto, ọgwụ, kemistri, textiles, wdg, yana igwe elektrọnik, electromechanical, Nri dabeere. E mepụtara ụlọ ọrụ ndị njem, na ebe nlegharị anya 172 na ụzọ nleta 12. E nwere kọleji na mahadum 14. Mahadum Warsaw nke e guzobere na narị afọ nke 19 bụ ama ama maka nchịkọta akwụkwọ ya bara ụba.E nwekwara ogige botanical na ọdụ ihu igwe na kampos. Na mgbakwunye, enwere Polish Academy of Sciences, Opera House, Concert Hall na "10th Anniversary Stadium" nke nwere ike ịnabata ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ ndị na-ekiri 100,000 na mpaghara obodo.

Mgbe a tọhapụrụ Poland na 1945, gọọmentị wughachiri obodo ochie ahụ dịka ọ dị na Warsaw, na-edebe ụdị oge ochie na ọdịdị ya, ma gbasaa mpaghara obodo mepere emepe ọhụrụ. Osimiri ọdịda anyanwụ nke Vistula bụ obodo ochie ahụ, nke mgbidi brik na-acha uhie uhie gbara gburugburu nke narị afọ nke 13 na mgbidi mpụga nke narị afọ nke 14, nke ụlọ ndị mgbe ochie gbara ya gburugburu. N'ebe a na-achikota ulo ndi ozo di egwu na ndi di elu na Middle Ages, ulo ochie nke amara dika "Polish National Cultural Monument" - ulo eze mbu, na otutu ulo mgbe ochie site na Middle Ages na Renaissance. Raslọ Krasinski bụ ụlọ kacha mma mara mma nke Baroque na Warsaw. Lazienki Obí bụ ọmarịcha ọrụ ebube nke Polish kpochapụwo.E nwekwara ụlọ dịka theka nke Holy Cross, Crosska St. John, Roman Church, na ,ka Russia. Crosska Holy Cross bụ ebe izu ike nke nnukwu onye na-abụ abụ Polish bụ Chopin. Enwere nnukwu ihe ncheta, ihe akpụrụ akpụ ma ọ bụ ihe nkedo n’obodo ahụ niile. Ihe ọla edo nke mermaid na Osimiri Vistula abụghị naanị akara nke Warsaw, kamakwa akara ngosi nke obi ike na enweghị ntụkwasị obi nke ndị Poland. Ihe oyiyi ọla nchara nke Chopin na Ogige Lazienki na-eguzo n'akụkụ nnukwu isi iyi. Ihe oyiyi nke Kirinsky, onye ndu nke ọgba aghara Eprel na Warsaw, na ihe oyiyi nke Prince Poniadowski, nwere obi ike ma dị egwu. Isi ụlọ ọrụ nke Warsaw People’s August Uprising, nke na-anọchite anya ọdịnala mgbanwe, na ebe ọmụmụ nke okike Dzerzhinsky nke Republic of Poland, dịkwa na obodo ochie. Homelọ nke physicist a ma ama na onye nchọpụta nke radium, ebe ọmụmụ Madame Curie, na ebe obibi mbụ nke Chopin aghọwo ụlọ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie.