Spain has an area of ​​505925 square kilometers. Located in the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. It borders the Bay of Biscay in the north, Portugal in the west, Morocco in Africa across the Strait of Gibraltar to the south, France and Andorra in the northeast, and the Mediterranean Sea in the east and southeast. The coastline is about 7,800 kilometers long. The territory is mountainous and is one of the highest mountain countries in Europe. 35% of the country is above 1,000 meters above sea level, and plains account for only 11%. The main mountains are Cantabrian, Pyrenees and so on. The Mulasan Peak in the south is 3,478 meters above sea level, which is the highest peak in the country. The central plateau has a continental climate, the northern and northwestern coasts have a maritime temperate climate, and the south and southeast have a Mediterranean subtropical climate.

The country is divided into 17 autonomous regions, 50 provinces, and more than 8,000 municipalities. The 17 autonomous regions are: Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Balearic, Basque Country, Canary, Cantabria, Castile-León, Castile -La Mancha, Catalonia, Extremadura, Galicia, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre, La Rioja and Valencia.

The Celts emigrated from Central Europe in the 9th century BC. Since the 8th century BC, the Iberian Peninsula has been invaded successively by foreigners and has long been ruled by the Romans, Visigoths and Moors. The Spaniards fought for a long time against foreign aggression. In 1492, they won the "Recovery Movement" and established Europe's first unified central monarchy. In October of the same year, Columbus discovered the West Indies. Since then, Spain has gradually become a maritime power, with colonies in Europe, the United States, Africa, and Asia. In 1588, the "Invincible Fleet" was defeated by Britain and began to decline. In 1873, a bourgeois revolution broke out and the First Republic was established. The dynasty was restored in December 1874. In the Western-American War of 1898, it was defeated by the emerging power, the United States, and lost the last few colonies in the Americas and Asia-Pacific-Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines.

Spain remained neutral during the First World War. The dynasty was overthrown in April 1931 and the Second Republic was established. In July of the same year, Franco launched a rebellion, and after three years of civil war, he seized power in April 1939. In February 1943, it concluded a military alliance with Germany and participated in the war of aggression against the Soviet Union. In July 1947, Franco declared Spain a monarchy, and he appointed himself the head of state for life. In July 1966, Juan Carlos, grandson of the last king Alfonso XIII, was appointed as his successor. In November 1975, Franco died of illness and Juan Carlos I ascended the throne and restored the monarchy. In July 1976, the king appointed A-Suarez, the former secretary-general of the National Movement, as prime minister and began the transition to Western parliamentary democracy.

National flag: It is rectangular with a ratio of length to width of 3:2. The flag surface is composed of three parallel horizontal rectangles. The upper and lower sides are red, each occupying 1/4 of the flag surface; the middle is yellow. The Spanish national emblem is painted on the left side of the yellow part. Red and yellow are the traditional colors loved by the Spanish people and represent the four ancient kingdoms that make up Spain.

Spain has a population of 42.717 million (2003). Mainly Castilians (ie Spaniards), ethnic minorities include Catalans, Basques and Galicians. The official language and the national language is Castilian, that is, Spanish. Minority languages ​​are also official languages ​​in the region. 96% of residents believe in Catholicism.

Spain is a medium-developed capitalist industrial country. The gross domestic product in 2006 was US$1081.229 billion, ranking 9th in the world, with a per capita US$26,763. The total forest area is 1179.2 hectares. The main industrial sectors include shipbuilding, steel, automobiles, cement, mining, construction, textiles, chemicals, leather, power and other industries. The service industry is an important pillar of the western national economy, including culture and education, health, commerce, tourism, scientific research, social insurance, transportation, and finance, among which tourism and finance are more developed. Tourism is an important pillar of the Western economy and one of the main sources of foreign exchange. Famous tourist destinations include Madrid, Barcelona, ​​Seville, Costa del Sol, Costa del Sol, etc.

An interesting fact: The official name of Spain’s annual Bullfighting Festival is "San Fermin". San Fermin is Pamplona, ​​the capital of the wealthy Navarre province in northeastern Spain. The patron saint of the city. The origin of the bullfighting festival is directly related to the Spanish bullfighting tradition. It is said that it was very difficult for the Pamplona people to drive six tall bulls from the bullpen on the outskirts of the city into the bullring in the city. In the 17th century, some bystanders had a whim and dared to run to the bull, anger the bull and lure it into the bullring. Later, this custom evolved into a running bull festival. In 1923, the famous American writer Hemingway came to Pamplona to watch the bull run for the first time and wrote the famous novel "The Sun Also Rises". In his work, he described the bull run festival in detail, which made it famous. After Hemingway won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954, the Spanish Bull Riding Festival became even more famous. In order to thank Hemingway for his contribution to the Running of the Bulls, the local residents specially erected a statue for him at the gate of the bullring.

Madrid: The Spanish capital Madrid (Madrid) is a famous historical city in Europe. Located in the center of the Iberian Peninsula, on the Meseta Plateau, at an altitude of 670 meters, it is the highest capital in Europe. Before the eleventh century, it was a fortress for the Moors, and was called "Magilit" in ancient times. King Philip II of Spain moved his capital here in 1561. It developed into a big city in the nineteenth century. During the Spanish Civil War from 1936 to 1939, the famous defense of Madrid was fought here.

The modern high-rise buildings in the city and the ancient buildings of different styles stand side by side and shine in each other. The woods, lawns, and all kinds of unique fountains and the fountain with the statue of Nibelai, the goddess of nature revered by the ancient people of Asia Minor, are the most fascinating. The magnificent Porta Alcala is located on the Independence Square on the street of Alcala. It has 5 arches and is one of the famous ancient buildings in Madrid. The Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Education and Spain’s main banks are located on both sides of Alcala Avenue. The Royal Academy of Fine Arts, built in 1752, houses masterpieces by Spanish art masters such as Murillo and Goya. The majestic Cervantes monument stands on the Plaza de España. There are statues of Don Quixote and Sanco Panza in front of the monument. The monumental body of the monument is reflected in the pool in front, with lush trees on both sides of the monument; The Spanish skyscraper known as the "Madrid Tower" is located on the side of the square.

Barcelona: Barcelona is the capital of the autonomous region of Catalonia in northeastern Spain. It borders France in the north and the Mediterranean Sea in the southeast. It is the second largest port in the Mediterranean and the second largest port in Spain after Madrid. second biggest city.

Barcelona has both traditional, universal, Mediterranean and mild climate characteristics. Barcelona is located on the slightly sloping plain of the Corricerolla Mountains. This plain gradually slopes towards the coast from the Korizerola Mountains, forming a charming landscape. Located between the two hills of Tibi Babel and Montjuic, in addition to retaining the old city in the Middle Ages on one side, the new city with modern buildings on the other side is called the Gothic area. Between Plaza Catalunya, with the cathedral as the center, there are countless Gothic buildings, and the Las Ramblas are particularly lively. The open-air restaurants and flower shops are lined with trees, and there are many men and women who come for a walk in the evening. The construction of the new urban area began in the 19th century, and the neatly arranged modern buildings are a symbol of this area.

The Sagrada Familia is a landmark building in Barcelona and a masterpiece of Gaudí. The church was built in 1882, but it has not been completed due to funding problems. This is also a highly controversial building. Some people are crazy about her, and others say that the four tall minarets are like four biscuits. But in any case, the Barcelona people recognized the building and chose to use her to represent their image.