ISpain inendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angu-505925. Kutholakala eNhlonhlweni Yase-Iberia eningizimu-ntshonalanga Yurophu. Unqamula iBay of Biscay enyakatho, iPortugal entshonalanga, iMorocco e-Afrika inqamula iStrait of Gibraltar ngaseningizimu, iFrance ne-Andorra enyakatho-mpumalanga, noLwandle iMedithera empumalanga naseningizimu-mpumalanga. Ugu lolwandle lungamakhilomitha angaba ngu-7 800 ubude. Insimu inentaba futhi ingelinye lamazwe aphakeme kakhulu anezintaba eYurophu. U-35% wezwe ungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1 000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kanti amathafa abalwa ngo-11% kuphela. Izintaba ezinkulu yiCantabrian, Pyrenees njalonjalo. I-Mulasan Peak eningizimu ingamamitha angu-3,478 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, okuyisiqongo esiphakeme kunazo zonke ezweni. Ithafa elisenkabeni linesimo sezulu sezwekazi, ogwini olusenyakatho nasenyakatho-ntshonalanga sinesimo sezulu esipholile sasolwandle, kanti eningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga kunesimo sezulu saseMedithera esishisayo.

Izwe lihlukaniswe izifunda ezizimele eziyi-17, izifundazwe ezingama-50, kanye nomasipala abangaphezu kwezi-8,000. Izifunda eziyi-17 ezizimele yilezi: Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Balearic, Country Basque, Canary, Cantabria, Castile-León, Castile -La Mancha, Catalonia, Extremadura, Galicia, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre, La Rioja naseValencia.

AmaCelt athutha esuka eYurophu Ephakathi ngekhulu lesi-9 BC. Kusukela ngekhulu lesi-8 BC, iNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia yahlaselwa ngokulandelana ngabokufika futhi sekuyisikhathi eside iphethwe amaRoma, amaVisigoth namaMoor. AbaseSpain balwa isikhathi eside nokulwa nodlame lwakwamanye amazwe.Ngo-1492, banqoba i- "Recovery Movement" futhi basungula umbuso wobukhosi wokuqala obumbene waseYurophu. Ngo-Okthoba wonyaka ofanayo, uColumbus wathola iWest Indies. Kusukela lapho, iSpain kancane kancane yaba umbuso wezasolwandle, ngamakoloni aseYurophu, e-United States, e-Afrika nase-Asia. Ngo-1588, i- "Invincible Fleet" yehlulwa yiBrithani futhi yaqala ukwehla. Ngo-1873, kwaqubuka inguquko yobunxiwankulu kwasungulwa iRiphabhulikhi Yokuqala. Ubukhosi babuyiselwa ngoDisemba 1874. Empini yaseNtshonalanga-Melika yowe-1898, yahlulwa ngamandla ayesafufusa, i-United States, yalahlekelwa amakoloni ambalwa okugcina eMelika nase-Asia-Pacific-Cuba, ePuerto Rico, eGuam nasePhilippines.

ISpain yahlala ingathathi hlangothi phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ubukhosi buketulwa ngo-Ephreli 1931 kwasungulwa iRepublic Republic. NgoJulayi wangonyaka ofanayo, uFranco waqala ukuhlubuka, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu yempi yombango, wathatha izintambo zombuso ngo-Ephreli 1939. NgoFebhuwari 1943, iphothule umfelandawonye wezempi neJalimane futhi yabamba iqhaza empini yokulwa neSoviet Union. NgoJulayi 1947, uFranco wamemezela iSpain njengombuso wobukhosi, futhi wazibeka njengenhloko yezwe impilo yonke. NgoJulayi 1966, kwaqokwa uJuan Carlos, umzukulu wenkosi yokugcina u-Alfonso XIII. NgoNovemba 1975, uFranco wabulawa ukugula kwathi uJuan Carlos I wahlala esihlalweni sobukhosi wabuyisela ubukhosi. NgoJulayi 1976, inkosi yaqoka u-A-Suarez, owayenguNobhala-Jikelele weNational Movement, njengoNdunankulu futhi waqala ushintsho lwentando yeningi lasePhalamende laseNtshonalanga.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Lingunxande elinesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi obungu-3: 2. Ubuso befulegi bakhiwe ngamaxande amathathu avundlile ahambisanayo.Amacala aphezulu nangaphansi abomvu, ngalinye lithatha u-1/4 wobuso befulegi; maphakathi kuphuzi. Uphawu lukazwelonke lwaseSpain lupendwe ohlangothini lwesobunxele lwengxenye ephuzi. Okubomvu nokuphuzi yimibala yendabuko ethandwa ngabantu baseSpain futhi imele imibuso emine yasendulo eyakha iSpain.

ISpain inabantu abayizigidi ezingama-42.717 (2003). Ngokuyinhloko amaCastilians (okungukuthi abaseSpain), izinhlanga ezincane zifaka amaCatalan, amaBasque kanye namaGalician. Ulimi olusemthethweni nolimi lwesizwe isiCastilian, okusho ukuthi iSpanishi. Izilimi ezincane nazo ziyizilimi ezisemthethweni esifundeni. Izakhamuzi ezingama-96% zikholelwa kubuKhatholika.

ISpain iyizwe lezimboni elithuthukile ngokomnotho. Umkhiqizo ophelele wasekhaya ngo-2006 wawungu-US $ 1081.229 billion, usezingeni le-9 emhlabeni, ngomuntu ngamunye wase-US $ 26,763. Indawo eyihlathi isiyonke ingamahektha ayi-1179.2. Imikhakha emikhulu yezimboni ifaka phakathi ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi, insimbi, izimoto, usimende, izimayini, ukwakhiwa, izindwangu, amakhemikhali, isikhumba, amandla nezinye izimboni. Imboni yezinsizakalo iyinsika ebalulekile yomnotho wezwe lasentshonalanga, kufaka phakathi amasiko nemfundo, ezempilo, ezentengiselwano, ezokuvakasha, ucwaningo lwesayensi, umshuwalense wezenhlalo, ezokuthutha kanye nezimali, phakathi kwazo ezokuvakasha nezezezimali ezithuthukiswe kakhulu. Ezokuvakasha ziyinsika ebalulekile yomnotho waseNtshonalanga futhi ingomunye wemithombo emikhulu yokushintshaniswa kwemali yakwamanye amazwe. Izindawo ezidumile zezivakashi zifaka iMadrid, Barcelona, ​​Seville, Costa del Sol, Costa del Sol, njll.

Iqiniso elijabulisayo: Igama elisemthethweni lomkhosi waminyaka yonke we-Bullfighting Festival waseSpain yi- "San Fermin". ISan Fermin yiPamplona, ​​inhloko-dolobha yesifundazwe esinothile saseNavarre enyakatho-mpumalanga yeSpain. Usanta ongumvikeli wedolobha. Umsuka womkhosi wokulwa nezinkunzi uhlobene ngqo nesiko lokulwa nezinkunzi laseSpain. Kuthiwa kwakunzima kakhulu kubantu bakwaPamplona ukuqhuba izinkunzi eziyisithupha ezinde zisuka enkomeni emaphethelweni edolobha ziye ezinkomeni zedolobha. Ngekhulu le-17, abanye ababebukele babenesifiso futhi baba nesibindi sokugijimela kunkunzi, bayithukuthelise leyo nkunzi futhi bayiyengele ekushayeni inkunzi. Kamuva, leli siko laphenduka umkhosi wokugijima wezinkunzi. Ngo-1923, umbhali odumile waseMelika uHemingway weza ePamplona ezobuka inkunzi igijima okokuqala futhi wabhala inoveli edumile ethi "The Sun Also Rises" .Emsebenzini wakhe, wayichaza kabanzi i-bull run festival, okuyiyona eyenze yaduma. Ngemuva kokuthi uHemingway ethole iNobel Prize in Literature ngo-1954, iSpanish Bull Riding Festival yaduma kakhulu. Ukuze babonge iHemingway ngeqhaza labo kwi-Running of the Bulls, izakhamizi zakule ndawo zamakhela umfanekiso oqokiwe esangweni lenkunzi.

IMadrid: Inhlokodolobha yaseSpain, iMadrid, idolobha elidumile elingumlando eYurophu. Itholakala maphakathi neNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, e-Meseta Plateau, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-670, iyinhloko-dolobha ephakeme kunazo zonke eYurophu. Ngaphambi kwekhulu leshumi nanye, kwakuyinqaba yamaMoor, futhi yayibizwa nge "Magilit" ezikhathini zasendulo. INkosi Philip II yaseSpain yathuthela inhlokodolobha yayo lapha ngo-1561. Yakhula yaba idolobha elikhulu ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Phakathi neMpi Yombango yaseSpain kusukela ngo-1936 kuya ku-1939, ukuzivikela okudumile kweMadrid kwaliwa lapha.

Izakhiwo zesimanje zokuphakama okuphezulu edolobheni kanye nezakhiwo zakudala zezitayela ezahlukahlukene zimi ndawonye futhi ziyakhanya. Izinkuni, utshani, nazo zonke izinhlobo zemithombo eyingqayizivele nomthombo onesithombe sikaNibelai, unkulunkulukazi wemvelo ohlonishwa ngabantu basendulo base-Asia Minor, yiwo othakazelisa kakhulu. IPorta Alcala ebabazekayo isesigcawini i-Independence Square esitaladini sase-Alcala. Inamakhothamo ama-5 futhi ingesinye sezakhiwo zasendulo ezidumile eMadrid. UMnyango Wezezimali, uMnyango Wezemfundo kanye namabhange amakhulu aseSpain atholakala ezinhlangothini zombili ze-Alcala Avenue.I-Royal Academy of Fine Arts, eyakhiwa ngo-1752, inezindlu zobuciko zobungcweti zabaphathi bezobuciko baseSpain abanjengoMurillo noGoya. Itshe lesikhumbuzo elibabazekayo laseCervantes limi ePlaza de España.Kunezithombe zikaDon Quixote noSanco Panza phambi kwetshe lesikhumbuzo.Umzimba omkhulu wesikhumbuzo ubonakala echibini elingaphambili, kunezihlahla eziluhlaza nhlangothi zombili zetshe lesikhumbuzo; I-skyscraper saseSpain esaziwa ngokuthi "iMadrid Tower" sisehlangothini lwesikwele.

IBarcelona: IBarcelona iyinhloko-dolobha yesifunda esizimele saseCatalonia enyakatho-mpumalanga yeSpain. Inqamula iFrance enyakatho kanye noLwandle iMedithera eningizimu-mpumalanga. Itheku lesibili ngobukhulu eMedithera kanye nechweba lesibili ngobukhulu eSpain ngemuva kweMadrid. idolobha lesibili elikhulu.

IBarcelona inezici zesimo sezulu zendabuko, ezomhlaba wonke, ezeMedithera nezincane. IBarcelona isethafeni elithambeka kancane lezintaba iCorricerolla. Leli thafa lihlehla kancane kancane ngasogwini lisuka ezintabeni zaseKorizerola, lenza indawo ebukekayo. Kutholakala phakathi kwamagquma amabili eTibi Babel naseMontjuic, ngaphezu kokugcina idolobha elidala eNkathini Ephakathi ngakolunye uhlangothi, idolobha elisha elinezakhiwo zesimanje ngakolunye uhlangothi libizwa ngokuthi indawo yamaGothic. Phakathi kwePlaza Catalunya, ne-cathedral njengesikhungo, kunezakhiwo eziningi zamaGothic, kanti iLas Ramblas inempilo ikakhulukazi. Izindawo zokudlela ezivulekile nezitolo zezimbali kufakwe izihlahla, futhi kunabesilisa nabesifazane abaningi abahamba bezolibazisa kusihlwa. Ukwakhiwa kwendawo entsha yasemadolobheni kwaqala ngekhulu le-19, futhi izakhiwo zesimanje ezihlelwe kahle ziwuphawu lwale ndawo.

I-Sagrada Familia iyisakhiwo esiyingqophamlando e-Barcelona futhi siwubuciko obuhle kakhulu baseGaudí. Isonto lakhiwa ngo-1882, kodwa alikaze liqedwe ngenxa yezinkinga zokuxhaswa ngemali. Lesi yisakhiwo esinempikiswano enkulu. Abanye abantu bayahlanya ngaye, kanti abanye bathi ama-minaret amane amade afana namabhisikidi amane. Kepha, noma kunjalo, abantu baseBarcelona basibona isakhiwo futhi bakhetha ukumsebenzisa ukumela isithombe sabo.