Spain ine nharaunda yemakumi mashanu emakiromita mazana mashanu neshanu neshanu. Inowanikwa muIberian Peninsula kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweEurope. Inogumira Gungwa reBiscay kuchamhembe, Portugal kumadokero, Morocco muAfrica kuyambuka Strait yeGibraltar kumaodzanyemba, France neAndorra kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, uye Gungwa reMediterranean kumabvazuva nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Mhenderekedzo yegungwa inenge makiromita mazana manomwe nemazana masere pakureba. Iyo nharaunda ine makomo uye ndeimwe yenyika dzakakwirira kwazvo dzemakomo muEurope. 35% yenyika iri pamusoro pe1,000 metres pamusoro pegungwa, uye mapani anongove chete 11%. Makomo makuru eCantabrian, Pyrenees zvichingodaro. Iyo Mulasan Peak kumaodzanyemba iri 3,478 metres pamusoro pegungwa, inova iyo yepamusoro soro nyika. Iyo pakati pebani ine mamiriro ekunze, nyika yekuchamhembe uye yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero ine mamiriro ekunze egungwa, uye kumaodzanyemba nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kune mamiriro ekunze eMediterranean.

Nyika yakakamurwa kuita 17 nzvimbo dzakazvimiririra, matunhu makumi mashanu, uye anopfuura masere masere. Matunhu gumi nematanhatu anodzivirira ndeaya: Andalusia, Aragon, Asturias, Balearic, Nyika yeBasque, Canary, Cantabria, Castile-León, Castile -La Mancha, Catalonia, Extremadura, Galicia, Madrid, Murcia, Navarre, La Rioja neValencia.

MaCelt akabuda muCentral Europe muzana remakore rechipfumbamwe BC. Kubva muzana ramakore rechisere BC, iyo Iberia Peninsula yakapambwa nevatorwa zvakateedzana, uye yakagara ichitongwa nemaRoma, maVisigoth neMoori. VaSpanish vakarwa kwenguva yakareba vachirwisa hutsinye hwedzimwe nyika.Muna 1492, vakakunda "Recovery Movement" uye vakatanga hutongi hwekutanga hwakabatana muEurope. Muna Gumiguru wegore rimwe chetero, Columbus akawana West Indies. Kubva ipapo, Spain zvishoma nezvishoma yakava simba regungwa, nemakoloni muEurope, United States, Africa, neAsia. Muna 1588, "risingakundiki Fleet" rakakundwa neBritain ndokutanga kudzikira. Muna 1873, bourgeois revolution yakatanga uye First Republic yakasimbiswa. Dzinza rakadzoreredzwa muna Zvita 1874. MuHondo yeWestern-America ya1898, yakakundwa nesimba raibuda, United States, ikarasikirwa nemakoloni mashoma ekupedzisira muAmerica neAsia-Pacific-Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam nePhilippines. Spain yakaramba isina kwayakarerekera panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yekutanga. Dzinza rakabviswa muna Kubvumbi 1931 uye Second Republic yakavambwa. Muna Chikunguru wegore rimwe chetero, Franco akatanga kupandukira, uye mushure memakore matatu ehondo yevagari vemo, akatora simba muna Kubvumbi 1939. Muna Kukadzi 1943, yakagumisa mubatanidzwa wemauto neGerman uye vakapinda muhondo yekurwisa Soviet Union. Muna Chikunguru 1947, Franco akazivisa Spain samambo, uye akazvigadza musoro wenyika nyika. Muna Chikunguru 1966, Juan Carlos, muzukuru wamambo wekupedzisira Alfonso XIII, akagadzwa semutsivi wake. MunaNovember 1975, Franco akafa nekurwara uye Juan Carlos I akakwira pachigaro ndokudzorera humambo. Muna Chikunguru 1976, mambo akagadza A-Suarez, aimbova secretary-general weNational Movement, semutungamiriri uye akatanga shanduko kune Western paramende democracy.

Mureza wenyika: Inoita rectangular ine chiyero chehurefu kusvika paupamhi hwe3: 2. Iyo mureza pamusoro inoumbwa nematatu akaenzana akatwasuka marange.Mativi ekumusoro neepasi akatsvuka, rimwe nerimwe riine 1/4 yemureza pamusoro; yepakati yero. Chiratidzo cheSpanish chenyika chakapendwa kuruboshwe rweyero chikamu. Dzvuku uye yero ndiwo mavara echinyakare anodikanwa nevanhu veSpanish uye anomiririra iwo maumambo mana ekare anoumba Spain.

Spain ine huwandu hwemamiriyoni mazana mana nemakumi manomwe nenomwe (2003). Kunyanya maCastilians (kureva maSpanish), madzinza mashoma anosanganisira maCatalan, maBasque nemaGalician. Mutauro wepamutemo uye mutauro wenyika chiCastilian, ndiko kuti, chiSpanish. Mitauro midiki zvakare mitauro yepamutemo mudunhu. 96% yevagari vanotenda muchiKatorike.

Spain inyika yepakati-yakagadziriswa capitalist nyika yeindasitiri. Chigadzirwa chepasi rose muna 2006 chaive US $ 1081.229 bhiriyoni, chinzvimbo chegumi nepfumbamwe pasirese, paine US $ 26,763 yemunhu. Nzvimbo yese yemasango i1179.2 mahekita. Iwo makuru maindasitiri zvikamu zvinosanganisira kuvaka ngarava, simbi, mota, simende, kuchera, kuvaka, machira, makemikari, dehwe, simba nemamwe maindasitiri. Iyo indasitiri yebasa ndiyo mbiru yakakosha yeupfumi hwenyika yekumadokero, kusanganisira tsika nemagariro, hutano, zvekutengeserana, kushanya, ongororo yesainzi, inishuwarenzi yemagariro, kutakura, uye mari, pakati pazvo kushanya nemari. Tourism ndiyo mbiru yakakosha yehupfumi hwekuMadokero uye chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvekutsinhana kwekunze. Nzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzekushanya dzinosanganisira Madrid, Barcelona, ​​Seville, Costa del Sol, Costa del Sol, nezvimwe.

Chokwadi chinonakidza: Zita repamutemo reSpain reBullfighting Festival reSpain "San Fermin". San Fermin ndiPamplona, ​​guta guru redunhu rakapfuma reNavarre kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweSpain. Mutendi mutsvene weguta. Kwakatangira mutambo wekurwa nenzombe wakanangana necheni yekuSpain yekurwa. Zvinonzi zvainge zvakaoma kwazvo kuti vanhu vePamplona vatyaire mombe nhanhatu dzakareba kubva kumabhuru emombe kunze kweguta kuenda kunhandare dzemuguta. Muzana ramakore regumi nenomwe, vamwe vaivepo vaive nechishuwo uye vakashinga kumhanyira kune nzombe, vakatsamwisa nzombe uye voikwezva kuti iite bhuru. Gare gare, tsika iyi yakashanduka ikava mutambo wekumhanya wenzombe. Muna 1923, munyori wekuAmerican Hemingway akauya kuPamplona kuzotarisa bhuru richimhanya kekutanga ndokunyora bhuku rinozivikanwa "Zuva Rinokwirawo" Mubasa rake, akatsanangura nzombe kumhanya mutambo zvakadzama, izvo zvakaita kuti ive nemukurumbira. Mushure mekunge Hemingway akunda mubairo weNobel muLitori muna 1954, iyo Spanish Bull Riding Festival yakave yakatonyanya kuzivikanwa. Nekuda kwekutenda Hemingway nerubatsiro rwake Kumhanya kweBulls, vagari veko vakamugadzirira chifananidzo pagedhi remombe.

Madrid: Guta guru reSpain, Madrid, iguta rine mbiri muEurope. Inowanikwa pakati peIberian Peninsula, paMeseta Plateau, pakukwirira kwemamita mazana matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu, ndiro guta guru muEurope. Pamberi pezana ramakore regumi nerimwe, yaive nhare yevaMoor, uye yainzi "Magilit" munguva dzekare. Mambo Philip weSpain akatamisa guta rake pano muna 1561. Yakava guta guru muzana ramakore regumi nemapfumbamwe. Munguva yeHondo yeVanhu veSpain kubva muna 1936 kusvika muna 1939, kudzivirirwa kwakakurumbira kweMadrid kwakarwirwa pano.

Zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvepamusoro-soro muguta uye zvivakwa zvekare zvemhando dzakasiyana zvinomira padivi pamwe nekupenya mune imwe. Matanda, uswa, nemhando dzose dzematsime akasarudzika uye tsime rine chifananidzo chaNibelai, mwarikadzi wezvisikwa anoremekedzwa nevanhu vekare veAsia Minor, ndiwo anonyanya kufadza. Iyo yakaisvonaka Porta Alcala iri panzvimbo yeIndendence Square mumugwagwa weAlcala.Iine mashanu maberere uye iri imwe yezvivakwa zvekare zvine mukurumbira muMadrid. Bazi rezveMari, Ministry of Education uye mabhanga makuru eSpain ari kumativi ese eAlcala Avenue.Royal Academy yeFine Arts, yakavakwa muna 1752, inovaka hunyanzvi neveSpanish vatenzi vehunyanzvi vakaita saMurillo naGoya. Iyo inoshamisa Cervantes shongwe yakamira paPaza de España.Pane zvifananidzo zveDon Quixote naSanco Panza pamberi pechirangaridzo.Muviri wakakura wechiyeuchidzo unoratidzwa mudziva riri kumberi, nemiti yakasvibira kumativi ese echikumbaridzo; Skyscraper yeSpain inozivikanwa se "Madrid tower" iri padivi pechivara.

Barcelona: Barcelona ndiro guta guru renharaunda yakazvimiririra yeCatalonia kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweSpain.Iyo inoganhurana neFrance kuchamhembe neMediterranean kusvika kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva. guta rechipiri rakakura.

Barcelona ine zvese zvechinyakare, zvepasirese, zveMediterranean uye zvinyoro mamiriro emamiriro ekunze. Barcelona iri pabani rakatsvedza zvishoma reCorricerolla Mountains. Iri bani zvishoma nezvishoma rinotsvedza rakananga kumahombekombe kubva kuMakomo eKorizerola, ichiumba inonakidza nzvimbo. Iri pakati pezvikomo zviviri zveTibi Babel neMontjuic, pamusoro pekuchengetedza guta rekare muMiddle Ages kune rimwe divi, guta idzva rine zvivakwa zvemazuva ano kune rimwe divi zvinodaidzwa kunzi nzvimbo yeGothic. Pakati pePaza Catalunya, nekedhedral iri pakati, pane zvivakwa zvisingaverengeke zveGothic, uye maLas Ramblas ane hupenyu. Iwo maresitorendi akavhurika uye zvitoro zvemaruva zvakazara nemiti, uye kune vazhinji varume nevakadzi vanouya kuzofamba manheru. Kuvakwa kwenzvimbo nyowani yemadhorobha kwakatanga muzana ramakore rechi19, uye zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvakarongedzwa zvakanaka mucherechedzo wenzvimbo ino.

Sagrada Familia chivakwa chakakosha muBarcelona uye inyanzvi yeGaudí. Kereke yakavakwa muna 1882, asi haisati yapera nekuda kwematambudziko emari. Ichi zvakare chivakwa chine makakatanwa.Vamwe vanhu vanopenga nezvake, uye vamwe vanoti mana minarets marefu akafanana nemabhisikiti mana. Asi zvakadaro, vanhu veBarcelona vakaziva chivakwa uye vakasarudza kumushandisa kumiririra mufananidzo wavo.