ISri Lanka, eyaziwa ngokuphelele njengeDemocratic Socialist Republic yaseSri Lanka, inendawo engamakhilomitha-skwele angama-65610. Kutholakala eningizimu ye-Asia, kuyizwe eliyisiqhingi oLwandlekazi i-Indian emaphethelweni aseningizimu yezwekazi laseNingizimu Asia. Inendawo enhle futhi yaziwa ngokuthi "iparele loLwandlekazi lwaseNdiya", "izwe lamatshe ayigugu" kanye "nezwe lamabhubesi." Ngasenyakatho-ntshonalanga, ibhekene nenhlonhlo yaseNdiya enqamula iPauk Strait. Eduze kwenkabazwe, kufana nehlobo unyaka wonke, ngokushisa okuphakathi konyaka okungama-28 ° C. Imvula emaphakathi yonyaka iyahlukahluka isuka ku-1283 kuye ku-3321 mm.

Izwe lihlukaniswe izifundazwe eziyi-9: Isifundazwe saseNtshonalanga, Isifundazwe Esimaphakathi, Isifundazwe Saseningizimu, Isifundazwe SaseNyakatho Ntshonalanga, Isifundazwe Esisenyakatho, Isifundazwe Esisenyakatho Nesifundazwe, IsiFundazwe SaseMpumalanga, Isifundazwe sase-Uva kanye neSifundazwe SaseSabala Gamuwa; 25 isifunda.

Eminyakeni engama-2500 eyedlule, ama-Aryan aqhamuka eNyakatho India afudukela eCeylon futhi asungula iSinhala Dynasty. Ngo-247 BC, inkosi u-Ashoka wasebukhosini baseMaurya eNdiya wathumela indodana yakhe esiqhingini ukuyokhuthaza ubuBuddha futhi yamukelwa yinkosi yendawo.Kusukela lapho, amaSinhalese alahla ubuBrahmanism aguqukela kubuBuddha. Cishe ngekhulu lesi-2 BC, amaTamil aseNingizimu India nawo aqala ukuthuthela futhi azinza eCeylon. Kusukela ngekhulu lesi-5 kuya kwele-16, kwakukhona izimpi eziqhubekayo phakathi koMbuso weSinhala noMbuso WaseTamil. Kusukela ngekhulu le-16, lalibuswa amaPutukezi namaDashi. Kwaba ikoloni laseBrithani ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-18. Ukuzimela ngoFebhuwari 4, 1948, kwaba ukubusa kweCommonwealth. NgoMeyi 22, 1972, kwamenyezelwa ukuthi igama leCeylon laguqulwa laba yiRiphabhlikhi yaseSri Lanka. "ISri Lanka" yigama lasendulo lesiSinhala leCeylon Island, okusho ukuthi umhlaba ogqamile futhi ocebile. Izwe laqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iDemocratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ngo-Agasti 16, 1978, futhi liselilungu leCommonwealth.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Ngunxande ovundlile onesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi obucishe bube ngu-2: 1. Umngcele ophuzi ozungeze ifulegi kanye nemichilo ephuzi emile ohlangothini lwesobunxele lohlaka ihlukanisa yonke indawo yefulegi kohlaka lwesakhiwo lwesobunxele nolwesokudla. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwesobunxele kunonxande ababili abame mpo okuluhlaza okotshani nokusawolintshi; ngakwesokudla unxande onsundu, phakathi kukhona ingonyama ephuzi ephethe inkemba, futhi ikhona ngalinye likanxande lineqabunga le-linden. UBrown umele iqembu lesizwe lamaSinhala, elibala inani lama-72% wabantu bakazwelonke; i-olintshi noluhlaza kumele izinhlanga ezincane; futhi umngcele ophuzi ukhombisa ukufuna kwabantu ukukhanya nokujabula. AmaBodhi ashiya ukukholelwa kwakhe eBuddhism, futhi ukwakheka kwawo kuyafana nohlaka lwezwe; iphethini yebhubesi liphawula igama lasendulo laleli zwe "Izwe Lebhubesi", futhi lifanekisela amandla nesibindi.

ISri Lanka inabantu abayizigidi eziyi-19.01 (Ephreli 2005). ISinhalese ibenze u-81.9%, abantu baseTamil bangu-9.5%, abamaMoor bangu-8.0%, kanti abanye baba ngu-0.6%. ISinhala nesiTamil zombili ulimi olusemthethweni nolimi lukazwelonke, futhi isiNgisi sisetshenziswa kakhulu ekilasini eliphezulu. Izakhamizi ezingama-76.7% zikholelwa kubuBuddha, 7.9% zikholelwa kubuHindu, 8.5% zikholelwa enkolweni yamaSulumane, kuthi ezingama-6.9% zikholelwe ebuKristwini.

ISri Lanka izwe lezolimo elibuswa umnotho wezitshalo, licebile kwezokudoba, amahlathi kanye nemithombo yamanzi. Itiye, injoloba nokhukhunathi kuyizinsika ezintathu zomholo wezwe waseSri Lanka. Imali eyinhloko yamaminerali eSri Lanka ifaka i-graphite, amatshe ayigugu, i-ilmenite, i-zircon, i-mica, njll. Izimboni zaseSri Lanka zifaka izindwangu, okokugqoka, isikhumba, ukudla, iziphuzo, ugwayi, iphepha, izinkuni, amakhemikhali, ukucubungula uphethiloli, injoloba, ukucutshungulwa kwensimbi nokuhlanganiswa kwemishini, njll., Ikakhulu kugxile endaweni yaseColombo. Izinto eziyinhloko ezithunyelwa ngaphandle yizindwangu, okokugqoka, itiye, injoloba, ukhukhunathi kanye nemikhiqizo kaphethiloli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezokuvakasha nazo ziyingxenye ebalulekile yomnotho waseSri Lanka, okwenza amakhulu ezigidi zamaRandi ngemali yakwamanye amazwe yezwe minyaka yonke.

IColombo: IColombo, inhlokodolobha yaseSri Lanka, itholakala ogwini olunabantu abaningi oluseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSri Lanka. Yaziwa njenge "Crossroads of the East". Kusukela ngeNkathi Ephakathi, le ndawo ibingenye yamachweba wezentengiselwano abaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni, futhi amatshe ayigugu eLanka emhlabeni akhishwa ngokuqhubekayo esuka lapha aya phesheya kwezilwandle. Inesimo sezulu sezulu esishisayo esinamazinga okushisa aphakathi nonyaka angama-28 ° C. Inabantu abayizigidi ezingama-2.234 (2001).

IColombo isho ukuthi "izulu lolwandle" ngolimi lwendawo lweSinhari. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-8 AD, abathengisi abangama-Arabhu base bevele benza ibhizinisi lapha Ngekhulu le-12, iColombo yayiqale ukwakheka futhi yabizwa ngeKalambu. Kusukela ngekhulu le-16, iColombo yalandelwa ngokulandelana yiPortugal, iNetherlands kanye neBrithani. Njengoba iColombo itholakala phakathi kweYurophu, iNdiya kanye neMpumalanga Ekude, ukudlula kwemikhumbi esuka e-Oceania kuya eYurophu kufanele kudlule lapha.Ngakho-ke, iColombo iye yathuthuka kancane kancane yaba yitheku elikhulu lemikhumbi yabahwebi bamazwe omhlaba. Ngasikhathi sinye, itiye, irabha, namakhukhunathi akhiqizwa ekhaya eSri Lanka nakho kuthunyelwa kusuka lapha kuye emazweni angaphandle kusetshenziswa izimo zemvelo ezinhle kakhulu.

IColombo yidolobha elihle elinezindawo ezisemadolobheni ezichumayo nesimo sezulu esimnandi. Ngemuva kwendawo yedolobha eklanywe kahle, imigwaqo ibanzi futhi ihlanzekile, futhi izakhiwo zentengiso zibhonge esibhakabhakeni. Umgwaqo omkhulu wedolobha, uGaoer Street, uyindlela eqonde ngqo esukela enyakatho iye eningizimu edolobheni laseGaoer, eliqhele ngamakhilomitha angaphezu kwekhulu. Izihlahla zikakhukhunathi ezinhlangothini zombili zomgwaqo zigcwele izihlahla, futhi izithunzi zezihlahla ziyashwibeka. Kunezinhlanga eziningi ezihlala kuleli dolobha okubalwa kuzo iSinhala, Tamil, Moorish, Indian, Berger, Indo-European, Malay kanye ne-European.