Sweden, iro izere zita rehumambo hweSweden, iri munzvimbo yekumabvazuva kweScandinavia kuchamhembe kweEurope. Inoganhura Finland kuenda kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva, Norway kumadokero nekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, Gungwa reBaltic kumabvazuva, uye North Sea kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero. Materu enharaunda kubva kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kuenda kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva. Chikamu chekuchamhembe ndiyo Nordland Plateau, iyo yepamusoro soro munyika, Kebnekesai, iri 2123 metres pamusoro pegungwa, uye nzvimbo dzekumaodzanyemba nemahombekombe kazhinji mapani kana zvikomo. Nzizi huru ndiYota, Dal, uye Ongeman. Kune makungwa mazhinji, anenge 92,000. Iyo hombe Lake Lakeänern inovhara nzvimbo yemakiromita mazana mashanu nemakumi mashanu neshanu neshanu, ichitarisa chechitatu muEurope. Inenge 15% yenyika iri muArctic Circle, asi ichikanganiswa nemhepo inodziya yeAtlantic, mwaka wechando hautonhore zvakanyanya.Nzvimbo zhinji dzine tembiricha yemusango inotonhorera, uye chikamu chekumaodzanyemba chikamu chakasvibira chakasvibira chemasango.

Nyika yakakamurwa kuva mapurovhinzi makumi maviri nemana nemaguta mazana maviri negumi nemapfumbamwe. Gavhuna anogadzwa nehurumende, hutungamiriri hweguta hunosarudzwa, uye matunhu nemaguta vane kuzvitonga kuzere.

Rudzi rwakatanga kuumbika makore akapoteredza 1100 AD. Yakawedzeredzwa Finland muna 1157. Muna 1397, yakaumba Kalmar Union neDenmark neNorway uye yaive pasi pekutonga kweDanish. Muna 1523 rusununguko kubva kuUnited. Mugore rimwe chete, Gustav Vasa akasarudzwa samambo. Zuva remazuva eSweden raive kubva muna 1654 kusvika muna 1719, uye nharaunda yaro yaisanganisira yanhasi Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, uye nzvimbo dzegungwa dzeBaltic muRussia, Poland, neGermany. Mushure mekukundwa muna 1718 kurwisa Russia, Denmark nePoland, zvakaramba zvishoma nezvishoma. Yakapinda muhondo dzaNapoleoniki muna 1805, uye yakamanikidzwa kurambidza Finland mushure mekukundwa neRussia muna 1809. Muna 1814, yakawana Norway kubva kuDenmark ndokuumba mubatanidzwa weSwitzerland neNorway neNorway. Norway yakava yakazvimirira kubva kuUnited States muna 1905. Sweden yakanga isina kwayakarerekera muhondo dzenyika mbiri.

Mureza wenyika: bhuruu, ine muchinjikwa weyero zvishoma kuruboshwe. Iyo bhuruu uye yero mavara anouya kubva kune iwo mavara eSweden humambo chiratidzo.

Sweden ine huwandu hwemamiriyoni e9.12 (Kukadzi 2007). Makumi mapfumbamwe muzana maSweden (vazukuru verudzi rwechiGerman), uye vangangoita miriyoni imwe yekune dzimwe nyika vanobva kune dzimwe nyika uye vazukuru vavo (52.6% vavo ndevatorwa). VaSami kuchamhembe ndivo chete madzinza mashoma, aine vanhu vangangoita zviuru gumi. Mutauro wepamutemo chiSweden. 90% yevanhu vanotenda muChristian Lutheranism.

Sweden inyika yakabudirira zvikuru uye imwe yenyika dzakapfuma pasi rose.Muna 2006, GDP yeSweden yaive 371.521 bhiriyoni emadhora ekuAmerica, uye mumwe munhu aive akakwirira semadhora makumi mana nemazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe nematanhatu. Sweden ine hupfumi hwesimbi, sango uye zviwanikwa zvemvura. Iyo sosi yekufukidza mwero ndeye 54%, uye iyo yekuchengetera ndeye 2.64 bhiriyoni cubic metres; iyo inowanikwa gore rega mvura zviwanikwa zviri 20.14 mamirioni kilowatts (anenge 176 bhiriyoni kilowatt maawa). Sweden yakagadzira maindasitiri, kunyanya anosanganisira kuchera, michina kugadzira, masango uye mapepa indasitiri, michina yemagetsi, mota, makemikari, kutaurirana, kugadzirwa kwechikafu, nezvimwewo Ine makambani ane mukurumbira pasi rese seNokia uye Volvo. Zvinhu zvikuru zvekutengesa kunze kwenyika zvinosanganisira mhando dzese dzemuchina, zvekufambisa uye zvekushandisa zvekutaurirana, zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari nemishonga, pepa pulp, michina yekugadzira mapepa, simbi, midziyo yemumba, zvishandiso zvemagetsi, zvigadzirwa zvepeturu, gasi rechisikigo nemachira, nezvimwewo zvinhu zvinounzwa kunze zvinosanganisira chikafu, fodya, uye zvinwiwa. , Raw zvinhu (huni, ore), simba (peturu, marasha, magetsi), zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari, michina nemidziyo, zvipfeko, fanicha, nezvimwe. Nyika yekurima yeSweden inokwana 6% yenharaunda yenyika. Chikafu chenyika, nyama, mazai uye zvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvinodarika kuzvigutsa, uye miriwo nemichero zvinonyanya kutengwa kunze kwenyika. Zvigadzirwa zvaro zvikuru zvekurima uye zvipfuyo zvinosanganisira: zviyo, gorosi, mbatatisi, beet, nyama, huku, mazai, zvigadzirwa zvemukaka, nezvimwe. Sweden inyika yepasi rose ine hupfumi hwakasimukira uye kusimudzira nekukurumidza kwemagetsi uye ruzivo ruzivo maindasitiri. Sweden ine ruzivo rwakapfuma mukusimudzira kusimudzira kwehupfumi, kuisa kukosha pakutsvagisa kwesainzi uye tekinoroji nekusimudzira, kusimudzira hutano hwevanhu, uye kuvaka gadziriro yekuchengetedza vanhu, uye ine mukana wepasi rose wemakwikwi mukutaurirana, mishonga, uye mabasa emari.

Stockholm: Stockholm, guta guru reSweden, ndiro guta rechipiri pakukura muNorth Europe.Riri panosangana Lake Lake Mälaren neBaltic Sea uye ine zviwi gumi nezvina. Izvi zviwi zvakaita semaparera anopenya akadzika pakati pegungwa negungwa.

Stockholm inozivikanwa se "Venice yekuchamhembe". Kwira ziso reshiri richiona guta.Mabhiriji akasarudzika ari mhiri kwegungwa akafanana nemabhanhire ejade anobatanidza zviwi zveguta.Makomo akasvibira, mvura yebhuruu, uye migwagwa inomonereka yakabatanidzwa.Zvivakwa zvine mukurumbira zvepakati nepakati, mutsara pamutsara wezvivakwa zvemazuva ano uye Idzo dzimba dzakanaka mumiti yakasvibira nemaruva matsvuku dzinomirisana.

Guta rekare reStockholm, iro rakavakwa pakati pezana ramakore regumi nematatu uye rine nhoroondo yeanopfuura makore mazana manomwe, harina kumbokuvadzwa nehondo uye rakachengetedzwa kusvika parizvino. Zvivakwa zveMiddle Ages zvakashongedzwa nezvakavezwa zvematanda uye zvakavezwa zvematombo nemigwagwa yakatetepa zvinoita kuti guta rekare rimire seguta rekare, richikwezva vazhinji vashanyi kuti vashanyire. Pedyo pane imba yamambo ine mbiri, chechi yekare yaNicholas uye zvivakwa zvehurumende nezvimwe zvivakwa. Zoo Island iri kure neguta rekare. Skansen Open Air Museum, Nordic Museum, "Vasa" Shipwreck Museum uye nhandare "Tivoli" vanoungana pano.

Stockholm iri zvakare guta retsika. Kune raibhurari yeumambo yakavakwa mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi17 ine muunganidzwa wemabhuku miriyoni. Pamusoro pezvo, kune mamuseum anopfuura makumi mashanu ehunyanzvi uye akazara Iyo inozivikanwa Stockholm University uye Royal Swedish Academy yeUinjiniya zvakare iri pano. Iwo anoyevedza Mambokadzi Island uye Millers Carving Park ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa nzvimbo dzevashanyi muguta. Kune "Chinese Palace" paQueen's Island, chinova chibereko chekuyemura kweEuropean kwetsika dzeChinese muzana ramakore rechi18.

Gothenburg: Gothenburg ndiro guta rechipiri remaindasitiri reSweden. Iri kumahombekombe ekumadokero eSweden, kuyambuka Kattegat Strait uye kumusoro kwekuchamhembe kweDenmark. Inozivikanwa seSweden "Western Window". Gothenburg ndiro chiteshi chengarava chikuru muScandinavia, uye chiteshi ichi hachigadzire gore rese.

Gothenburg yakavambwa mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi17, uye yakazoparadzwa nevaDanes munguva yeKalmar War. Muna 1619, King Gustav II weSweden akavakazve guta uye nekukurumidza akariita nzvimbo yekutengeserana yeSweden. Nekugadzwa kweSweden East India Kambani kuGothenburg muna 1731 uye kupedzwa kweGöta Canal muna 1832, chiyero chechiteshi cheGothenburg chakaramba chichiwedzera uye guta rakawedzera kubudirira. Mushure memazana emakore ekuenderera mberi nekuvaka nekusimudzira, Ghenhenburg rave guta revashanyi rinobatanidza razvino uye zvekare. Sezvo vazhinji vevagari vekutanga vaigara pano vaive maDutch, kutaridzika kwechikamu chekare cheguta chine hunhu hwechiDutch. Netiweki yemigero inotenderera mumativi ese yakakomberedza guta, zvivakwa zvemazuva ano zvakaiswa mutsetse, uye dzimba dzakanaka dzehumambo dzakavakwa muzana ramakore rechi17 dzinoyevedza, zvese izvi zvinokwezva zviuru zvevashanyi.