Ecuador, the full name of the Republic of Ecuador, is 270,670,000 square kilometers. Located in the western part of South America, the equator traverses the northern part of the country. Ecuador means "equator" in Spanish. The Andes runs through the middle of the country, and the country is divided into three parts: the western coast, the central mountainous region and the eastern region. 1. West Coast: Including coastal plains and piedmont areas, high in the east and low in the west, it has a tropical rainforest climate, and the southernmost part begins to transition to a tropical grassland climate. 2. The Central Mountains: After Colombia entered the border of Ecuador, the Andes was divided into the East and West Cordillera Mountains. Between the two mountains is a plateau high in the north and low in the south, with an average elevation of 2500 to 3000 meters. The ridge crisscrosses, dividing the plateau into more than ten mountain basins. The most important are the Quito Basin and the Cuenca Basin in the south. There are many volcanoes in the territory and frequent earthquakes. 3. Eastern region: part of the Amazon River Basin. The river in the foothills at an altitude of 1200-250 meters is turbulent. Below 250 meters is an alluvial plain. The river is open, the flow is gentle, and there are many rivers. It has a tropical rainforest climate, with hot and humid and rainy throughout the year, with an average annual rainfall between 2000-3000 mm.

Ecuador was originally part of the Inca Empire. It became a Spanish colony in 1532. Independence was declared on August 10, 1809, but it was still occupied by the Spanish colonial army. In 1822, he completely got rid of Spanish colonial rule. Joined the Greater Colombia Republic in 1825. After the collapse of Greater Colombia in 1830, the Republic of Ecuador was announced.

The national flag: It is a horizontal rectangle with a ratio of length to width of 2:1. From top to bottom, three parallel horizontal rectangles of yellow, blue, and red are connected. The yellow part occupies half of the flag surface, and the blue and red parts each occupy 1/4 of the flag surface. There is a national emblem in the center of the flag. Yellow symbolizes the country’s wealth, sunshine and food, blue represents the blue sky, ocean and the Amazon River, and red symbolizes the blood of patriots fighting for freedom and justice.

12.6 million (2002). Among them, Indo-European mixed races accounted for 41%, Indians accounted for 34%, whites accounted for 15%, black and white people accounted for 7%, blacks and other races accounted for 3%. The official language is Spanish, and the Indians use Quechua. 94% of residents believe in Catholicism.

Ecuador's economy is dominated by agriculture, and the agricultural population accounts for 47% of the total population. It can be roughly divided into two different types of agricultural areas: mountain agricultural areas, located in the valleys and basins of the Andes at an altitude of about 2500 meters to 4000 meters, mainly growing food crops, vegetables, fruits, and raising livestock, the main food The crops are corn, barley, wheat, potatoes, etc.; coastal agricultural areas, located on the western coast and large river valleys, mainly plant bananas for export (about 3.4 million tons per year), cocoa, coffee, etc., in addition to rice, cotton. The coastal fishery resources are rich, with an annual catch of more than 900,000 tons. Oil exploitation is developing rapidly, and the proven oil reserves for the main sector of the mining industry are 2.35 billion barrels. Also mining silver, copper, lead and other mines. Industries mainly include petroleum refining, sugar making, textiles, cement, food processing and pharmaceuticals. The main trading partners are the United States, Britain, Germany and other countries. Export crude oil (about 65% of total export value), bananas, coffee, cocoa, balsam wood.

Quito: Quito, the capital of Ecuador, has an altitude of 2,879 meters, second only to the capital of Bolivia, La Paz, and is the second highest capital in the world. Ecuador is a "country of the equator". The land area is divided into two parts by the equator. Quito is close to the equator, but because it is located on a plateau, the climate is relatively cool. The climate of Quito has no four seasons, but there are rainy seasons and dry seasons. Generally, the first half is the rainy season and the second half is the dry season. The weather in Quito is fickle. Sometimes the sky is clear, cloudless, and the sun is shining. Suddenly there will be dark clouds and heavy rain.

Quito was the capital of the Indian kingdom for centuries. Because it was mainly inhabited by the tribes of Quivito, it was once called "Quito", but was reduced to "Quito" by Spanish colonists. ". In 1811, Ecuador gained independence and Quito became the capital of Ecuador.

Quito is one of the most beautiful cities in the Western Hemisphere and a historic city in Ecuador. There are the ruins of the Pyramids of the Inca Empire near the city of Quito, as well as the churches of San Roque and San Francisco, the Church of Jesus, the Royal Church Building, the Charity Church, and the Church of Our Lady. These buildings reflect the artistic achievements of Quito in ancient times and the 16th to 17th centuries.