Ecuador, izina ryuzuye rya Repubulika ya uquateur, ni kilometero kare 270.670.000. Ekwateri iherereye mu burengerazuba bwa Amerika y'Epfo, inyura mu majyaruguru y'igihugu. Ecuador isobanura "ekwateri" mu cyesipanyoli. Andes inyura hagati mu gihugu, kandi igihugu kigabanyijemo ibice bitatu: inkombe y'iburengerazuba, akarere k'imisozi rwagati ndetse n'akarere k'iburasirazuba. 1. Inkombe y'Iburengerazuba: Harimo ibibaya byo ku nkombe n'uturere twa piedmont, hejuru mu burasirazuba no hasi mu burengerazuba, ifite ikirere gishyuha gishyuha gishyuha, kandi igice cyo mu majyepfo gitangira kwimukira mu kirere gishyuha. 2. Imisozi yo hagati: Kolombiya imaze kwinjira ku mupaka wa uquateur, Andes yagabanyijwemo imisozi y’iburasirazuba n’iburengerazuba bwa Cordillera.Mu misozi yombi ni ikibaya kinini mu majyaruguru no hepfo mu majyepfo, uburebure buri hagati ya metero 2500 na 3000. Umusozi wambukiranya, ugabanya ikibaya mu bibaya birenga icumi. Icy'ingenzi ni ikibaya cya Quito n'ikibaya cya Cuenca mu majyepfo. Muri utwo turere hari ibirunga byinshi hamwe na nyamugigima kenshi. 3. Agace k'iburasirazuba: igice cy'ikibaya cy'uruzi rwa Amazone. Umugezi uri mu misozi uri ku butumburuke bwa metero 1200-250 urahungabana. Munsi ya metero 250 ni ikibaya cya alluvial.Uruzi rurakinguye, imigezi iroroshye, kandi hari inzuzi nyinshi. Ifite ikirere gishyuha gishyuha gishyuha, gifite ubushyuhe nubushuhe nimvura mumwaka wose, ikigereranyo cyimvura buri mwaka hagati ya mm 2000-3000.

Ecuador yabanje kuba mubwami bwa Inca. Yabaye ubukoloni bwa Esipanye mu 1532. Ubwigenge bwatangajwe ku ya 10 Kanama 1809, ariko bwari bugikoreshwa n'ingabo z'abakoloni bo muri Esipanye. Mu 1822, yakuyeho burundu ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni bwa Esipanye. Yinjiye muri Repubulika Nkuru ya Kolombiya mu 1825. Nyuma yo gusenyuka kwa Kolombiya Nkuru mu 1830, haratangajwe Repubulika ya Ecuador.

Ibendera ryigihugu: urukiramende rutambitse rufite igipimo cyuburebure n'ubugari bwa 2: 1. Kuva hejuru kugeza hasi, impande enye zingana zingana zingana zumuhondo, ubururu numutuku zirahujwe.Igice cyumuhondo gifata kimwe cya kabiri cyibendera, naho ubururu numutuku buri kimwe gifite 1/4 cyubuso bwibendera. Hano hari ikirango cyigihugu hagati yibendera. Umuhondo ushushanya ubutunzi bw'igihugu, izuba n'ibiryo, ubururu bugereranya ikirere cy'ubururu, inyanja n'umugezi wa Amazone, naho umutuku ugereranya amaraso y'abakunda igihugu baharanira ubwisanzure n'ubutabera.

miliyoni 12,6 (2002). Muri bo, 41% ni amoko avanze y'amoko y'Abahinde n'Abanyaburayi, 34% ni Abahinde, 15% ni Abazungu, 7% ni ubwoko buvanze, naho 3% ni abirabura n'andi moko. Ururimi rwemewe ni icyesipanyoli, naho Abahinde bakoresha Quechua. 94% by'abaturage bemera Gatolika.

Ubukungu bwa uquateur bwiganjemo ubuhinzi, abaturage b’ubuhinzi bangana na 47% byabaturage bose. Irashobora kugabanywa mubice bibiri bitandukanye byubuhinzi: uduce twubuhinzi bwimisozi, duherereye mubibaya no mubibaya bya Andes ku butumburuke bwa metero 2500 kugeza kuri metero 4000, cyane cyane guhinga ibihingwa byibiribwa, imboga, imbuto, no korora amatungo, ibiryo nyamukuru Ibihingwa ni ibigori, sayiri, ingano, ibirayi, nibindi.; Uduce tw’ubuhinzi two ku nkombe, duherereye ku nkombe y’iburengerazuba n’ibibaya binini by’inzuzi, cyane cyane ibitoki by’ibihingwa byoherezwa mu mahanga (hafi toni miliyoni 3.4 ku mwaka), kakao, ikawa, n’ibindi, usibye umuceri, ipamba. Uburobyi bwo ku nkombe burakungahaye, buri mwaka bufata toni zirenga 900.000. Gukoresha peteroli biratera imbere byihuse, kandi ibigega bya peteroli byagaragaye mu gice kinini cy’inganda zicukura amabuye y'agaciro ni miliyari 2,35. Ubucukuzi bw'ifeza, umuringa, isasu n'ibindi birombe. Inganda nyamukuru zirimo gutunganya peteroli, isukari, imyenda, sima, gutunganya ibiryo na farumasi. Abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu bucuruzi ni Amerika, Ubwongereza, Ubudage n'ibindi bihugu. Kohereza peteroli ya peteroli (hafi 65% yagaciro kwohereza hanze), ibitoki, ikawa, cakao, ibiti byitwa balsam.

Quito: Quito, umurwa mukuru wa uquateur, ifite ubutumburuke bwa metero 2.879, uwa kabiri nyuma y'umurwa mukuru wa Boliviya, La Paz, kandi ni n'umurwa mukuru wa kabiri ku isi. Ecuador ni "igihugu cy’uburinganire". Agace k'ubutaka kagabanijwemo ibice bibiri na ekwateri. Quito yegereye ekwateri, ariko kubera ko iherereye mu kibaya, ikirere ni cyiza. Ikirere cya Quito ntikigira ibihe bine, ariko hariho ibihe by'imvura n'ibihe byumye. Mubisanzwe, igice cya mbere nigihe cyimvura naho igice cya kabiri nigihe cyizuba. Ikirere muri Quito kirahindagurika. Rimwe na rimwe ikirere kiragaragara, kitagira igicu, n'izuba rirashe. Mu buryo butunguranye, hazaba ibicu n'imvura nyinshi.

Quito yari umurwa mukuru wubwami bwu Buhinde mu binyejana byinshi. Kubera ko ahanini yari ituwe nimiryango ya Quivito, yahoze yitwa "Quito", ariko ihinduka "Quito" nabakoloni ba Espagne. ". Mu 1811, uquateur yabonye ubwigenge maze Quito aba umurwa mukuru wa uquateur.

Quito ni umwe mu mijyi myiza cyane yo mu Burengerazuba bw'isi ndetse n'umujyi w'amateka muri uquateur. Hano hari amatongo ya Pyramide yo mu Bwami bwa Inca hafi y'umujyi wa Quito, ndetse n'amatorero ya San Roque na San Francisco, Itorero rya Yesu, inyubako y'Itorero rya cyami, Itorero ry'Abagiraneza, Itorero rya Bikira Mariya, n'ibindi, byose bikaba ari ibisigisigi by’umuco byo mu rwego rwa mbere muri Quito. Izi nyubako zigaragaza ibihangano bya Quito mu bihe bya kera no mu kinyejana cya 16 kugeza ku cya 17.