I-Ecuador, igama eligcwele leRiphabhulikhi yase-Ecuador, ingamakhilomitha-skwele angama-270,670,000. Etholakala engxenyeni esentshonalanga yeNingizimu Melika, inkabazwe inqamula engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwe. I-Ecuador isho ukuthi "inkabazwe" ngeSpanishi. I-Andes idabula maphakathi nezwe, futhi izwe lihlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu: ugu olusentshonalanga, isifunda esiphakathi sezintaba nesifunda esisempumalanga. 1. Ugu olusentshonalanga: Kubandakanya amathafa asogwini nezindawo ze-piedmont, phezulu empumalanga nangaphansi entshonalanga, kunesimo sezulu esishisayo samahlathi emvula, futhi ingxenye eseningizimu kakhulu iqala ukushintshela esimweni sezulu esishisayo sotshani. 2. Izintaba Ezimaphakathi: Ngemuva kokuthi iColombia ingene emngceleni we-Ecuador, ama-Andes ahlukaniswa aba yizintaba zaseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Cordillera.Phakathi kwalezi zintaba ezimbili kunethafa eliphakeme enyakatho neliphansi eningizimu, elinokuphakama okuphakathi kwamamitha ayi-2500 kuya kwayi-3000. Ummango unqamula phakathi, uhlukanisa ithafa libe izitsha ezingaphezu kweziyishumi zezintaba. Okubaluleke kakhulu yi-Quito Basin kanye neCuenca Basin eningizimu. Kukhona izintaba-mlilo eziningi ensimini nokuzamazama komhlaba okuvamile. 3. Isifunda saseMpumalanga: ingxenye yoMfula i-Amazon. Umfula unenkinga emathafeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1200-250, kanti ithafa elisendaweni yonke lingaphansi kwamamitha angama-250. Inesimo sezulu esishisayo samahlathi emvula, kushisa futhi kunomswakama futhi kunemvula unyaka wonke, kunemvula emaphakathi ngonyaka ephakathi kuka-2000-3000 mm.

I-Ecuador ekuqaleni yayiyingxenye yoMbuso Wama-Inca. Kwaba ikoloni laseSpain ngo-1532. Ukuzimela kwamenyezelwa ngo-Agasti 10, 1809, kepha kwakusaphethwe ibutho lamakoloni laseSpain. Ngo-1822, waqeda ngokuphelele umbuso wamaKoloni waseSpain. Ujoyine iGreater Colombia Republic ngo-1825. Ngemuva kokuwa kweGreater Colombia ngo-1830, kwamenyezelwa iRiphabhlikhi yase-Ecuador.

Ifulegi likazwelonke: Ngunxande ovundlile onesilinganiso sobude nobubanzi buka-2: 1. Kusuka phezulu kuye ezansi, kuxhunywe onxande abathathu abavundlile bokuphuzi, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu. Ingxenye ephuzi ithatha uhhafu wengxenye yefulegi, kuthi izingxenye eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokubomvu ngalinye lithathe u-1/4 wobuso befulegi. Kunophawu lukazwelonke maphakathi nefulegi. Okuphuzi kufanekisela ingcebo yezwe, ukukhanya kwelanga kanye nokudla, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kufanekisa isibhakabhaka esiluhlaza, ulwandle kanye noMfula i-Amazon, futhi okubomvu kufanekisela igazi labashisekeli bezwe abalwela inkululeko nobulungiswa.

Izigidi eziyi-12.6 (2002). Phakathi kwazo, izinhlanga ezihlangene ezihlangene zase-Indo-European zingama-41%, amaNdiya wona abe ngu-34%, abelungu bebengu-15%, abamnyama nabamhlophe bebengu-7%, abamnyama nezinye izinhlanga bebalelwa ku-3%. Ulimi olusemthethweni iSpanishi, futhi amaNdiya asebenzisa isiQuechua. Izakhamuzi ezingama-94% zikholelwa kubuKhatholika.

Umnotho wase-Ecuador uphethwe ezolimo, lapho inani labantu bezolimo libalwa ngama-47% wabantu bonke. Ingahlukaniswa cishe ngezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zezindawo zezolimo: izindawo zezolimo ezisezintabeni, ezisezigodini nasemigodini yama-Andes endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2500 kuye kumamitha ayi-4000, ikakhulukazi ukutshala izitshalo zokudla, imifino, izithelo, nokukhulisa imfuyo, ukudla okuyinhloko Izitshalo ummbila, ibhali, ukolweni, amazambane, njll.; Izindawo ezingasogwini lolwandle, ezisogwini olusentshonalanga nezigodi ezinkulu zemifula, ikakhulukazi ezitshala ubhanana wokuthekelisa (cishe amathani ayizigidi ezingama-3.4 ngonyaka), ukhokho, ikhofi, njll., Ngaphezu kwelayisi nokotini. Izinsizakusebenza zokudoba zasogwini zicebile, ngokubanjwa minyaka yonke kwamathani angaphezu kwama-900,000. Ukuxhashazwa kukawoyela kuthuthuka ngokushesha, kanti izinqolobane zikawoyela eziqinisekisiwe zomkhakha omkhulu wemboni yezimayini ziyimiphongolo eyi-2.35 billion. Futhi izimayini zesiliva, ithusi, umthofu nezinye izimayini. Izimboni ikakhulu zifaka ukucwengwa kukaphethiloli, ukwenziwa koshukela, izindwangu, usimende, ukucutshungulwa kokudla kanye nemithi yokwelapha. Abalingani abakhulu bezohwebo yi-United States, iBrithani, iJalimane namanye amazwe. Thumela uwoyela ongahluziwe (cishe u-65% wenani eliphelele lokuthekelisa), ubhanana, ikhofi, ukhokho nokhuni lwebhalsamu.

I-Quito: Inhloko-dolobha yase-Ecuador, inamamitha angu-2,879 ukuphakama, ilandela kuphela enhlokodolobha yaseBolivia, iLa Paz, futhi iyinhlokodolobha yesibili ephezulu emhlabeni. I-Ecuador "iyizwe le-equator". Indawo yomhlaba ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili yi-equator. IQuito iseduze nenkabazwe, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi isethafeni, isimo sezulu sipholile uma kuqhathaniswa. Isimo sezulu saseQuito asinazo izinkathi ezine zonyaka, kepha kunezinkathi zemvula nezikhathi zokoma.Ngokujwayelekile, uhhafu wokuqala uyinkathi yemvula kuthi owesibili ube yisikhathi esomile. Isimo sezulu eQuito asishintshi. Kwesinye isikhathi isibhakabhaka siyakhanya, asinamafu, nelanga liyakhanya.Ngokushesha kuzoba namafu amnyama nemvula enamandla.

I-Quito yayiyinhloko-dolobha yombuso waseNdiya amakhulu eminyaka. Ngoba yayihlalwa kakhulu yizizwe zaseQuivito, yake yabizwa nge- "Quito", kepha yehliselwa ku- "Quito" ngamakoloni aseSpain. ". Ngo-1811, i-Ecuador yathola inkululeko futhi iQuito yaba inhlokodolobha yase-Ecuador.

I-Quito ingelinye lamadolobha amahle kakhulu eNtshonalanga Nenkabazwe kanye nedolobha elinomlando e-Ecuador. Kunamanxiwa amaPiramidi oMbuso wamaInca eduze kwedolobha laseQuito, kanye namasonto aseSan Roque naseSan Francisco, iBandla likaJesu, iRoyal Church Building, iCharity Church, iSonto Lethu, njll. Lezi zakhiwo zikhombisa impumelelo yobuciko kaQuito ezikhathini zasendulo nangekhulu le-16 kuya kwele-17.