Jamus tana tsakiyar Turai, tare da Poland da Czech Republic daga gabas, Austria da Switzerland daga kudu, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, da Faransa a yamma, da Denmark a arewa.Wannan ita ce kasar da ta fi yawan makwabta a Turai. Yankin yana da murabba'in kilomita 357020.22 (Disamba 1999). Yankin yana da kasa a arewa da kuma kudu a kudu.Za a iya raba shi zuwa yankuna hudu na kasa: Arewacin Jamhuriyar Arewacin; Dutsen Tsakiyar Jamusanci; Rhine Fracture Valley a kudu maso yamma; Plateau Bavarian da Alps a kudu. Zugspitze, babban gangaren Bayern Alps, yana da mita 2963 a saman teku. Matsayi mafi girma a ƙasar. Babban kogunan sune Rhine, Elbe, Oder, Danube da sauransu. Yanayin teku a arewa maso yammacin Jamus ya fi bayyana, tare da sauyawa a hankali zuwa yanayin nahiya zuwa gabas da kudu. Matsakaicin zafin jiki shine 14 ～ 19 ℃ a watan Yuli da -5 ～ 1 ℃ a Janairu. Ruwan sama na shekara-shekara shine 500-1000 mm, kuma yankin tsaunuka yana da ƙari.

Jamus ta kasu kashi uku: tarayya, jiha, da yanki, tare da jihohi 16 da yankuna 14,808. Sunayen jihohin 16 su ne: Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Lower Saxony, North Rhine-Westphalia Lun, Rhineland-Palatinate, Saarland, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein da Thuringia. Daga cikin su, Berlin, Bremen da Hamburg akwai birane da jihohi.

Kafin Kiristanci, mutanen Jamusawa suna rayuwa a Jamus a yau. Kabilanci a hankali suka kasance a cikin ƙarni na 2-3 AD. An kafa asalin mulkin mallaka na Jamus a ƙarni na 10. Zuwa rarrabuwar kawuna a tsakiyar karni na 13. A farkon ƙarni na 18, Austria da Prussia sun tashi don kafa formungiyar Jamusawa bisa ga Taron Vienna a 1815, kuma aka kafa Hadaddiyar Daular Jamusawa a 1871. Daular ta tsokane Yaƙin Duniya na Farko a cikin 1914, kuma ta faɗi a 1918 lokacin da aka ci ta da yaƙi. A watan Fabrairun 1919, Jamus ta kafa Jamhuriyar Weimar. Hitler ya hau mulki a 1933 don aiwatar da mulkin kama-karya. Kasar Jamus ta fara yakin duniya na biyu a shekarar 1939, kuma kasar ta Jamus ta mika wuya a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 1945.

Bayan yakin, bisa yarjejeniyar Yalta da yarjejeniyar Potsdam, Amurka da Ingila, da Burtaniya, da Faransa, da Tarayyar Soviet suka mamaye Jamus, kuma kasashe hudun suka kafa Kwamitin Kula da Kawancen Kawancen don su karbe ikon Jamus mafi girma. Hakanan an raba birnin Berlin zuwa yankuna 4 na mamaya. A watan Yunin 1948, yankunan da suka mamaye na Amurka, Birtaniyya, da Faransa suka hade. A ranar 23 ga Mayu na shekara mai zuwa, gedasashen Mallaka na Yammacin Turai suka haɗu suka kafa Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus. A ranar 7 ga watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar, aka kafa Jamhuriyar Demokiradiyar Jamus a yankin da Soviet ta mamaye a gabashin. Tun daga wannan lokacin, a hukumance Jamus ta rabe zuwa kasashe biyu masu cin gashin kansu. Ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 1990, GDR ta fara aiki tare da Tarayyar Jamus. An soke kundin tsarin mulki, da Majalisar Jama'a, da gwamnatin GDR kai tsaye. An canza larduna na asali guda 14 zuwa jihohi 5 domin su dace da tarayyar Jamusawa ta Tarayya. An hade su cikin Tarayyar Jamhuriyar Tarayyar, kuma Jamusawan biyu da aka raba fiye da shekaru 40 sun sake hadewa.

Tutar ƙasa: rectawataccen murabba'i mai murabba'i ne wanda ya yi daidai da tsawo zuwa nisa na 5: 3. Daga sama zuwa ,asa, an kafa ta ne ta hanyar haɗa murabba'i mai ma'ana uku masu daidaitawa na baƙi, ja, da rawaya. Akwai ra'ayoyi mabanbanta game da asalin tutar mai tricolor, wanda za'a iya gano shi zuwa tsohuwar Daular Roman a ƙarni na farko AD. Daga baya a Yaƙin Baƙauye na Jamusanci a ƙarni na 16 da kuma juyin juya halin demokradiyya na Jamusawa a ƙarni na 17, tutar mai tricolor mai wakiltar jamhuriya ita ma tana tashi a ƙasar ta Jamus. . Bayan faduwar daular Jamusawa a cikin 1918, Jamhuriyar Weimar ita ma ta dauki tutar baki, ja, da rawaya a matsayin tutar kasarta. A watan Satumba na 1949, an kafa Jamhuriyar Tarayyar Jamus kuma har yanzu ta karbi tutar mai tricolor ta Jamhuriyar Weimar; Jamhuriyar Demokiradiyar Jamhuriyar an kafa ta a watan Oktoba na wannan shekarar kuma ta karbi tutar mai tricolor, amma an kara alamar kasar da suka hada da guduma, ma'auni, kunnen alkama, da sauransu a tsakiyar tutar. Juna don nuna bambanci. A ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 1990, Jamus ɗin da aka sake hadewa har yanzu suna amfani da tutar Tarayyar Jamus.

Jamus na da yawan jama'a miliyan 82.31 (31 ga Disamba, 2006). Galibi Jamusawa, tare da ƙananan aan Denmark, Sorbian, Frisian da Gypsies. Akwai baƙi miliyan 7.289, wanda ya kai kashi 8.8% na yawan jama'ar. Janar Jamusanci. Kimanin mutane miliyan 53 ne suka yi imani da Kiristanci, inda miliyan 26 suka yi imani da Roman Katolika, miliyan 26 suka yi imani da Kiristancin Furotesta, sannan 900,000 suka yi imani da Cocin Orthodox na Gabas.

Jamus kasa ce da ta ci gaba sosai a fannin masana'antu. A shekarar 2006, yawan kudin da kasar ke samu ya kai dala biliyan 2,858.234, tare da kimar kowane mutum kan dalar Amurka 34679. Karfin tattalin arzikinta shi ne na farko a Turai, kuma ita ce ta biyu bayan Amurka da Japan a duniya. Manyan manyan kasashe masu karfin tattalin arziki. Kasar Jamus ita ce babbar kasar da ke fitar da kayayyaki zuwa kasashen waje.Ra rabin kayayyakin masana'antunta ana sayar da su ne zuwa kasashen waje, kuma darajarta ta fitarwa yanzu ta zama ta biyu a duniya. Babban abokan kasuwancin sune ƙasashe masu masana'antu na yamma. Jamus ba ta da talauci a albarkatun ƙasa.Bugu da ƙari ga wadataccen gawayi, lignite da gishiri, ta dogara sosai da shigo da kayayyaki ta fuskar samar da albarkatun ƙasa da makamashi, kuma ana buƙatar shigo da kashi biyu cikin uku na makamashi na farko. Masana'antar ta Jamus ta mamaye masana'antun masu nauyi, tare da motoci, ƙera mashina, sunadarai, da wutar lantarki da ke da fiye da 40% na jimlar ƙimar masana'antu. Kayan aikin daidaito, kimiyyan gani da gani, da kuma jiragen sama da masana'antar sararin samaniya suma sun bunkasa sosai. Yawon shakatawa da sufuri sun bunkasa sosai. Jamus babbar ƙasa ce mai samar da giya, giyar da take samarwa tana cikin manyan duniya, kuma Oktoberfest sanannen duniya ne. Yuro (EURO) a halin yanzu shine halin ƙaƙƙarfan doka na Jamus.

Jamus ta sami nasarori na musamman a cikin al'adu da fasaha. Shahararrun mutane kamar Goethe, Beethoven, Hegel, Marx da Engels sun fito a cikin tarihi. Akwai wurare da yawa na sha'awa a cikin Jamus, wakilan su ne: Brandofar Brandenburg, Cologne Cathedral, da sauransu.

Gateofar Brandenburg (Brandofar Brandenburg) tana kan mahadar titin Linden da Titin 17 na Yuni a tsakiyar Berlin.Wannan sanannen wurin buɗe ido ne na masu yawon buɗe ido a cikin garin na Berlin kuma alama ce ta haɗin kan Jamus. Fadar Sans Souci (Fadar Sans Souci) tana cikin yankin arewa kusa da garin Potsdam, babban birnin Brandenburg a gabashin Tarayyar Jamus. Sunan fadar an ɗauke shi daga asalin asalin Faransanci na "Babu damuwa".

Fadar Sanssouci da lambunan da ke kewayenta an gina su ne a lokacin Sarki Frederick na II na Prussia (1745-1757), yana bin tsarin gine-ginen Fadar Versailles a Faransa. Dukan gonar tana da fadin hectare 290 kuma tana kan dutsen yashi, saboda haka ana kiranta da "gidan sarauta akan duniyan rairayi". Duk ayyukan gine-ginen Fadar Sanssouci sun dau kimanin shekaru 50, wanda shine asalin fasahar zane-zanen Jamus.

Cologne Cathedral ita ce mafi kyawun cocin Gothic a duniya, wanda ke kan Kogin Rhine a tsakiyar Cologne, Jamus. Tsawon gabas zuwa yamma yakai mita 144.55, fadin arewa maso kudu yakai mita 86.25, zauren kuma ya kai tsayin mita 43.35, kuma babban ginshiƙi tsayinsa yakai mita 109. A tsakiya akwai maɗaura biyu masu haɗe da bangon ƙofar.Mutanan biyu masu tsinkayen mita 157.38 kamar takuba biyu ne masu kaifi. Kai tsaye cikin sama. Dukkanin ginin an yi shi ne da goge duwatsu, wanda yakai fadin muraba'in mita 8,000, tare da yankin da aka gina kimanin muraba'in mita 6,000. Akwai kananan minarets marasa adadi a kusa da babban cocin.Gabanin babban cocin baki ne, wanda ya fi daukar hankali a tsakanin dukkan gine-ginen da ke cikin garin.

Berlin: Berlin, a matsayin babban birni bayan sake haɗewar Jamus a watan Oktoba 1990, yaro ne da babba. Tana cikin tsakiyar Turai kuma shine wurin taron Gabas da Yamma. Birnin yana da fadin murabba'in kilomita 883, wanda wuraren shakatawa, dazuzzuka, tabkuna da rafuka sun kai kusan kashi ɗaya cikin huɗu na jimlar yankin.Ga dukan garin yana kewaye da dazuzzuka da filayen ciyawa, kamar babban tsibiri mai kore. Yawan jama'ar ya kusan miliyan 3.39. Berlin sanannen babban birni ne na Turai kuma an kafa shi a 1237. Bayan Bismarck ya hade kan Jamus a cikin 1871, an yanke shawarar Dublin. A ranar 3 ga Oktoba, 1990, Jamusawan biyu sun haɗu, kuma Gabas da Yammacin Berlin sun sake haɗuwa cikin birni kuma.

Berlin ita ma babbar taga ta waje ce ta al'adun Jamusawa. Berlin tana da gidajen opera 3, gidajen kallo 150 da gidajen kallo, gidajen tarihi guda 170, gidajen kallo 300, gidajen sinima 130 da gidajen kallo 400 na sararin sama. Orchestra ta Philharmonic Orchestra ta shahara a duniya. Jami'ar Humboldt mai tarihi da kuma Free University of Berlin duka sanannun cibiyoyi ne a duniya.

Munich: Yana zaune a ƙasan arewacin tsaunukan Alps, Munich birni ne mai kyau wanda ke kewaye da tsaunuka da rafuka. Har ila yau, ita ce mafi kyawun cibiyar al'adu a cikin Jamus. A matsayinta na birni na uku mafi girma a cikin Jamus tare da mazauna miliyan 1.25, Munich koyaushe tana kula da salon birni wanda ya kunshi hasumiyoyin coci da sauran tsoffin gine-gine. Munich birni ne da ya shahara a al'adance.Bayan samun babban ɗakin karatu na ƙasa, gidajen kallo 43 da jami'a mai ɗalibai sama da 80,000, akwai fiye da huɗu a Munich, gami da gidajen tarihi, wuraren shakatawa, zane-zane da giya. da yawa.

A matsayin birni na tarihi da al'adu, Munich tana da gine-ginen Baroque da Gothic da yawa. Su wakilai ne na zamanin Renaissance na Turai. Siffofi iri-iri suna da yawa a cikin garin kuma suna bayyane.

Frankfurt ba cibiya ce ta kuɗi kawai a duniya ba, amma kuma sanannen birni ne wanda ke da tarihin shekaru 800. Kimanin manyan kasuwannin kasa da kasa guda 15 ake gudanarwa a kowace shekara, kamar bikin baje kolin Kayayyakin Kayayyaki na Kasa da Kasa wanda ake gudanarwa a bazara da bazara kowace shekara; bikin baje kolin ƙasashen duniya na "tsafta, dumama, kwandishan", da sauransu.

Frankfurt ba cibiyar tattalin arziki ba ce kawai ta Jamus, amma birni ne na al'adu. Wannan shi ne garin Goethe, marubucin duniya, kuma tsohon gidansa yana cikin gari. Akwai gidajen tarihi 17 da wurare da yawa masu ban sha'awa a Frankfurt. Ragowar tsoffin Romawa, wurin shakatawar dabino, Hasumiyar Heninger, Cocin Eustinus, da tsohuwar wasan opera duk sun cancanci gani.