Ubudage buherereye mu Burayi bwo hagati, hamwe na Polonye na Repubulika ya Ceki mu burasirazuba, Otirishiya n'Ubusuwisi mu majyepfo, Ubuholandi, Ububiligi, Luxembourg, n'Ubufaransa mu burengerazuba, na Danemark mu majyaruguru. Ni igihugu gifite abaturanyi benshi mu Burayi. Ubuso ni kilometero kare 357020.22 (Ukuboza 1999). Ubutaka buri hasi mu majyaruguru no hejuru mu majyepfo. Irashobora kugabanywamo uduce tune: Ikibaya cy’Ubudage bw’Amajyaruguru; imisozi yo hagati y’Ubudage; Ikibaya cya Rhine mu majyepfo y’iburengerazuba; ikibaya cya Bavariya na Alpes mu majyepfo. Zugspitze, impinga nkuru y’imisozi ya Bayern, ni metero 2963 hejuru y’inyanja. Nicyo mpinga ndende mu gihugu. Inzuzi nini ni Rhine, Elbe, Oder, Danube nibindi. Ikirere cyo mu nyanja mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'Ubudage kiragaragara cyane, kandi kigenda gihinduka buhoro buhoro ikirere cyo ku mugabane w'iburasirazuba no mu majyepfo. Ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe kiri hagati ya 14 ～ 19 ℃ muri Nyakanga na -5 ～ 1 ℃ muri Mutarama. Imvura igwa buri mwaka ni mm 500-1000, kandi agace k'imisozi gafite byinshi.

Ubudage bugabanyijemo ibice bitatu: leta, leta, nakarere, hamwe na leta 16 nakarere 14,808. Amazina y'ibihugu 16 ni: Baden-Württemberg, Bavariya, Berlin, Brandenburg, Bremen, Hamburg, Hesse, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Saxony yo hepfo, Rhine-Westphalie Lun, Rhineland-Palatinat, Saarland, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt, Schleswig-Holstein na Thuringia. Muri byo, Berlin, Bremen na Hamburg ni imigi na leta.

Abadage babaga mubudage uyumunsi. Amoko yagiye ashingwa buhoro buhoro mu binyejana bya 2-3 nyuma ya Yesu. Intara ya feodal yo mu Budage yashinzwe mu kinyejana cya 10. Kubyerekeye amacakubiri ya feodal hagati yikinyejana cya 13. Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 18, Otirishiya na Prussia bahagurukiye gushinga Umuryango w’Abadage ukurikije inama yabereye i Vienne mu 1815, maze ubwami bw’Ubudage bwunze ubumwe bushingwa mu 1871. Ingoma yateje Intambara ya mbere y'isi yose mu 1914, irasenyuka mu 1918 igihe yatsindwaga. Muri Gashyantare 1919, Ubudage bwashinze Repubulika ya Weimar. Hitler yaje ku butegetsi mu 1933 kugira ngo ashyire mu bikorwa igitugu. Ubudage bwatangije Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose mu 1939, Ubudage bwitanga ku ya 8 Gicurasi 1945.

Nyuma y'intambara, dukurikije amasezerano ya Yalta n'amasezerano ya Potsdam, Ubudage bwigaruriwe na Amerika, Ubwongereza, Ubufaransa, na Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, maze ibihugu bine bishyiraho komite ishinzwe kugenzura ibikorwa by’ubumwe kugira ngo bigarurire ubutegetsi bukomeye bw'Ubudage. Umujyi wa Berlin nawo ugabanijwemo 4. Muri Kamena 1948, uturere twigaruriwe na Amerika, Ubwongereza n'Ubufaransa twarahujwe. Ku ya 23 Gicurasi y'umwaka wakurikiyeho, Intara yigaruriwe n’iburengerazuba yigaruriye Repubulika y’Ubudage. Ku ya 7 Ukwakira muri uwo mwaka, Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi y'Ubudage yashinzwe mu gace karimo Abasoviyeti mu burasirazuba. Kuva icyo gihe, Ubudage bwigabanyijemo ibice bibiri byigenga. Ku ya 3 Ukwakira 1990, GDR yinjiye ku mugaragaro Repubulika y’Ubudage. Itegekonshinga, Urugereko rw’abaturage, na guverinoma ya GDR byahise bihagarikwa.Perefegitura 14 za mbere zahinduwe zihinduka ibihugu 5 hagamijwe guhuza ishyirwaho rya Repubulika y’Ubudage, zishyirwa muri Repubulika y’Ubudage, maze Ubudage bubiri bwari bumaze imyaka irenga 40 butandukanijwe.

Ibendera ryigihugu: Ni urukiramende rutambitse rufite igipimo cy'uburebure n'ubugari bwa 5: 3. Kuva hejuru kugeza hasi, ikozwe muguhuza ibice bitatu bisa kandi bingana urukiramende rwumukara, umutuku, numuhondo. Hariho ibitekerezo bitandukanye ku nkomoko y'ibendera rya tricolor.Bishobora guturuka ku Bwami bwa kera bw'Abaroma mu kinyejana cya mbere nyuma ya Yesu. Nyuma y'intambara yo mu Budage y'Abadage mu kinyejana cya 16 na Revolution ya demokarasi ya burugumesitiri mu Budage mu kinyejana cya 17, ibendera ry'inyabutatu ryerekana repubulika naryo ryagurukaga ku butaka bw'Ubudage. . Nyuma yo kugwa k'ingoma y'Ubudage mu 1918, Repubulika ya Weimar nayo yafashe ibendera ry'umukara, umutuku, n'umuhondo nk'ibendera ry'igihugu. Muri Nzeri 1949, hashyizweho Repubulika y’Ubudage, ikomeza gukoresha ibendera rya tricolor yo muri Repubulika ya Weimar; Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi y’Ubudage yashinzwe mu Kwakira muri uwo mwaka nabwo ikoresha ibendera rya tricolor, ariko ikirango cy’igihugu kirimo inyundo, igipimo, ugutwi kw ingano, n’ibindi byongewe hagati mu ibendera. Icyitegererezo cyo kwerekana itandukaniro. Ku ya 3 Ukwakira 1990, Ubudage bwunze ubumwe buracyakoresha ibendera rya Repubulika y’Ubudage.

Ubudage butuwe na miliyoni 82.31 (31 Ukuboza 2006). Ahanini Abadage, hamwe numubare muto wAbanyadane, Sorbian, Frisiyani naba Gypsy. Hari abanyamahanga miliyoni 7.289, bangana na 8.8% byabaturage bose. Umudage rusange. Abantu bagera kuri miliyoni 53 bemera ubukristu, muri bo miliyoni 26 bemera Gatolika ya Roma, miliyoni 26 bemera ubukristu bw'abaporotesitanti, naho 900.000 bemera kiliziya ya orotodogisi mu burasirazuba.

Ubudage nigihugu cy’inganda cyateye imbere cyane. Mu 2006, umusaruro rusange w’igihugu wari miliyari 2,858.234 USD, hamwe n’umuturage ufite agaciro ka $ 34679. Amashanyarazi y’ubukungu araza ku mwanya wa mbere mu Burayi, kandi ni uwa kabiri nyuma y’Amerika n'Ubuyapani ku isi. Ibihugu bitatu bikomeye byubukungu. Ubudage n’ibicuruzwa byinshi byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga.Icya kabiri cy’ibicuruzwa byacyo bigurishwa mu mahanga, kandi agaciro kayo kohereza mu mahanga ubu biza ku mwanya wa kabiri ku isi. Abafatanyabikorwa bakomeye mu bucuruzi ni ibihugu by’inganda zo mu Burengerazuba. Ubudage bukennye mu mutungo kamere. Usibye ububiko bukungahaye ku makara akomeye, lignite n'umunyu, bushingira cyane ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga mu bijyanye no gutanga ibikoresho fatizo n'ingufu, kandi bibiri bya gatatu by'ingufu z'ibanze bigomba gutumizwa mu mahanga. Inganda z’Abadage ziganjemo inganda ziremereye, hamwe n’imodoka, gukora imashini, imiti, n’amashanyarazi bingana na 40% by’umusaruro rusange w’inganda. Ibikoresho byuzuye, optique, nindege ninganda zo mu kirere nabyo byateye imbere cyane. Ubukerarugendo no gutwara abantu byateye imbere neza. Ubudage nigihugu kinini gitanga inzoga, umusaruro w’inzoga uza ku isonga ku isi, kandi Oktoberfest irazwi cyane ku isi. Amayero (EURO) kuri ubu ni isoko ryemewe n’Ubudage.

Ubudage bwageze ku bikorwa by'indashyikirwa mu muco no mu buhanzi. Abantu bazwi nka Goethe, Beethoven, Hegel, Marx na Engels bagaragaye mu mateka. Hano hari ahantu henshi hashimishije mubudage, abahagarariye ni: Irembo rya Brandenburg, Cathedrale ya Cologne, nibindi

Irembo rya Brandenburg riherereye mu masangano y'umuhanda wa Linden n'umuhanda wa 17 Kamena rwagati muri Berlin. Ni ahantu nyaburanga hakurura ba mukerarugendo mu mujyi wa Berlin kandi ni ikimenyetso cy'ubumwe bw'Abadage. Ingoro ya Sans Souci (Ingoro ya Sans Souci) iherereye mu nkengero z’amajyaruguru ya Potsdam, umurwa mukuru wa Brandenburg mu burasirazuba bwa Repubulika y’Ubudage. Izina ryibwami ryakuwe mubisobanuro byigifaransa byumwimerere bisobanura "Nta mpungenge".

Ingoro ya Sanssouci nubusitani bukikije byubatswe mugihe cyumwami Frederick wa II wa Prussia (1745-1757), ukurikije imyubakire yingoro yingoro ya Versailles mubufaransa. Ubusitani bwose bufite ubuso bwa hegitari 290 kandi buherereye ku mucanga, bityo bizwi kandi nka "ingoro iri ku mucanga". Ibikorwa byose byubwubatsi bwa Sanssouci Palace byamaze imyaka igera kuri 50, aribyo shingiro ryubuhanzi bwubudage.

Cathedrale ya Cologne nitorero rya Gothique ryiza cyane kwisi, riherereye kumugezi wa Rhine rwagati muri Cologne, mubudage. Uburebure bwiburasirazuba-uburengerazuba ni metero 144.55, ubugari bwamajyaruguru-amajyepfo ni metero 86,25, salle ifite uburebure bwa metero 43.35, naho inkingi yo hejuru ifite metero 109. Hagati rwagati hari imitambiko ibiri ihujwe nurukuta rwumuryango.Ibiti bibiri bya metero 157.38 ni nkinkota ebyiri zikarishye. Ugororotse mu kirere. Inyubako yose ikozwe mu mabuye asennye, afite ubuso bwa metero kare 8000, hamwe n'ubwubatsi bwa metero kare 6.000. Hano hari kashe ntoya itagira ingano.Katedrali yose ni umukara, ikaba ishimishije cyane mumazu yose yo mumujyi.

Berlin: Berlin, nk'umurwa mukuru nyuma yo guhuza Ubudage mu Kwakira 1990, ni muto kandi ni mukuru. Iherereye rwagati mu Burayi kandi niho ihurira Iburasirazuba n'Uburengerazuba. Umujyi ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 883, muri zo parike, amashyamba, ibiyaga ninzuzi bingana na kimwe cya kane cyubuso bwumujyi.Umujyi wose ukikijwe n’amashyamba n’ibyatsi, nkizinga rinini ryatsi. Abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 3.39. Berlin ni umurwa mukuru uzwi cyane wo mu Burayi kandi washinzwe mu 1237. Bismarck imaze guhuza Ubudage mu 1871, hafashwe icyemezo cya Dublin. Ku ya 3 Ukwakira 1990, Ubudage bwombi bwunze ubumwe, Uburasirazuba n'Uburengerazuba bwa Berlin bwongera guhurira mu mujyi umwe.

Berlin nicyamamare gikurura ba mukerarugendo i Burayi, ahari inyubako nyinshi za kera kandi zigezweho. Ubuhanzi bwa kera kandi bugezweho bwubaka bwuzuzanya kandi bwuzuzanya, bugaragaza ibiranga ubuhanzi bwubudage. Inzu y'inama yarangiye mu 1957 ni kimwe mu bikorwa bihagarariye imyubakire igezweho.Mu majyaruguru yacyo, icyahoze ari Capitol ya Leta y'Ubwami cyagaruwe igice. Inzu ya Symphony yubatswe mu 1963 hamwe n’igihugu cy’ubuhanzi bugezweho cyateguwe n’umwubatsi uzwi cyane Ludwig ni udushya mu buryo. Ku mpande zombi za salle ya kera ya Kaiser Wilhelm I, hari itorero rishya ryumunani n'umunara w inzogera. Hano hari inyubako y'amagorofa 20 ya Centre yu Burayi ifite ibyuma n'ibirahure hafi. Uburebure bwa kilometero 1,6 "Umuhanda munsi yigiti cya Bodhi" ni bulvard izwi cyane mu Burayi. Yubatswe na Frederick II. Umuhanda ufite metero 60 z'ubugari kandi urimo ibiti ku mpande zombi. Ku mpera y’iburengerazuba bw’irembo hari Irembo rya Brandenburg ryubatswe mu buryo bw’irembo rya Acropolis mu Bugereki bwa kera. Irembo ryiza rya Brandenburg ni ikimenyetso cya Berlin. Nyuma y’imyaka irenga 200 y’imyidagaduro, rishobora kwitwa umuhamya w’amateka y’iki gihe y’Ubudage.

Berlin nayo ni idirishya rinini ryo hanze ryumuco wubudage. Berlin ifite amazu 3 ya opera, inzu yimikino n’ikinamico 150, inzu ndangamurage 170, za galeries 300, sinema 130 hamwe n’imikino 400 ifunguye. Orchestre ya Philharmonic ya Berlin irazwi cyane ku isi. Kaminuza yamateka ya Humboldt na kaminuza yubuntu ya Berlin byombi ni ibigo bizwi kwisi.

Berlin nayo ni ihuriro mpuzamahanga ryo gutwara abantu. Mu 1838, Gari ya moshi ya Berlin-Bostan yafunguwe ku modoka, ifungura intangiriro y’igihe cya gari ya moshi y’Uburayi.Mu 1881, tramari ya mbere ku isi yakoreshejwe i Berlin. Metro ya Berlin yubatswe mu 1897, ifite uburebure bwa kilometero 75 mbere y’intambara, ifite sitasiyo 92, ikaba imwe muri sisitemu zuzuye za metero zuzuye mu Burayi. Berlin ubu ifite ibibuga byindege 3 byingenzi, gariyamoshi mpuzamahanga 3, kilometero 5170 zumuhanda, na kilometero 2.387 zo gutwara abantu.

Munich: Iherereye mu majyaruguru ya Alpes, Munich ni umujyi mwiza wimisozi ukikijwe n'imisozi n'inzuzi. Nicyo kigo ndangamuco cyurukiko cyiza cyane mubudage. Nkumujyi wa gatatu munini mubudage utuwe na miliyoni 1.25, Munich yamye ikomeza imiterere yimijyi igizwe niminara myinshi yitorero nizindi nyubako za kera. Munich ni umujyi uzwi cyane mu muco. Usibye kugira isomero rinini ry’igihugu, amakinamico 43 na kaminuza ifite abanyeshuri barenga 80.000, i Munich hari abarenga bane, harimo inzu ndangamurage, amasoko ya parike, ibishusho na byeri. benshi.

Numujyi wamateka numuco, Munich ifite inyubako nyinshi za Baroque na Gothique. Nibisanzwe bahagarariye ibihe byuburayi bushya. Ibishusho bitandukanye ni byinshi mumujyi kandi birasobanutse.

Oktoberfest mu Kwakira buri mwaka ni umunsi mukuru w’abantu benshi ku isi. Abashyitsi barenga miliyoni eshanu baturutse impande zose z’isi bazaza hano kwizihiza uyu munsi mukuru ukomeye. Oktoberfest i Munich yakomotse ku ruhererekane rw'ibirori byabaye mu 1810 mu rwego rwo kwizihiza ibinyejana byabaye hagati ya Nyampinga wa Bavariya n'Umwamikazi Dairis wa Saxony-Hildenhausen. Mu myaka irenga ijana, buri Nzeri na Ukwakira, mu mihanda y’umujyi habaga "umwuka w’inzoga". Mu mihanda hari ahacururizwamo ibiryo byinshi by’inzoga. Abantu bicaye ku ntebe ndende z'ibiti kandi bafata imifuka minini y’ubutaka yashoboraga gufata litiro imwe ya byeri. Kunywa uko ubishaka, umujyi wose wuzuye umunezero, litiro miriyoni zinzoga, ibitoki ibihumbi magana. "Inda ya byeri" yabaturage ba Munich nayo yereka abantu ko bashobora kunywa neza.

Frankfurt: Frankfurt iherereye ku nkombe z'Uruzi runini. Frankfurt ni ikigo cy’imari cy’Ubudage, umujyi werekana imurikagurisha, n’irembo ry’ikirere hamwe n’ahantu ho gutwara abantu ku isi. Ugereranije n'indi mijyi yo mu Budage, Frankfurt ni isi yose. Nka kimwe mu bigo by’imari ku isi, ibishushanyo mbonera byo mu karere ka banki ya Frankfurt bitondekanye ku murongo, bikaba bizunguruka. Amabanki n'amashami arenga 350 biherereye mumihanda ya Frankfurt. "Deutsche Bank" iherereye hagati ya Frankfurt. Banki nkuru ya Repubulika y’Ubudage isa n’umutima ukomeye, ugira ingaruka ku bukungu bwose bw’Ubudage. Icyicaro gikuru cya Banki y’Uburayi n’ivunjisha ry’Ubudage biherereye i Frankfurt. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umujyi wa Frankfurt witwa "Manhattan kuri Main".

Frankfurt ntabwo ari ikigo cyimari kwisi gusa, ahubwo numujyi uzwi cyane wo kwerekana imurikagurisha ufite imyaka 800. Imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rinini rigera kuri 15 rikorwa buri mwaka, nk'imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry'ibicuruzwa by’abaguzi riba mu mpeshyi no mu cyi buri mwaka; imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga ry’imyaka ibiri "isuku, gushyushya, guhumeka ikirere", n'ibindi.

Ikibuga cy’indege cya Rhein-Main cya Frankfurt nicyo kibuga cya kabiri kinini cy’Uburayi n’irembo ry’Ubudage ku isi. Itwara abagenzi miliyoni 18 buri mwaka. Indege zihaguruka hano ziguruka mu mijyi 192 kwisi yose, kandi hariho inzira 260 zihuza cyane Frankfurt nisi.

Frankfurt ntabwo ari centre yubukungu yubudage gusa, ahubwo numujyi wumuco. Uyu ni umujyi wa Goethe, umwanditsi w'isi, kandi aho yahoze ari mu mujyi rwagati. Hano hari ingoro ndangamurage 17 n’ahantu henshi hashimishije i Frankfurt.Ibisigazwa by’Abaroma ba kera, parike y’ibiti by'imikindo, umunara wa Heninger, Itorero rya Eustinus, na opera ya kera byose birakwiye ko tubibona.