Mawu oti Japan amatanthauza "dziko lakutuluka". Japan ili pagombe lakumadzulo kwa Pacific Ocean ndipo ndi dziko lazilumba zooneka ngati arc kuyambira kumpoto chakum'mawa mpaka kumwera chakumadzulo. Olekanitsidwa kum'mawa ndi East China Sea, Nyanja Yakuda, Strait ya Korea, ndi Nyanja ya Japan, imayang'anizana ndi China, North Korea, South Korea ndi Russia. Gawoli lili ndi zilumba zazikulu 4 za Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, ndi Kyushu, komanso zilumba zing'onozing'ono zoposa 6,800, motero Japan imadziwikanso kuti "dziko la zisumbu zikwi." Dera la Japan ndi pafupifupi ma 377,800 ma kilomita. Japan ili m'dera lotentha, nyengo yozizira komanso nyengo zinayi zosiyana. Sakura ndi duwa ladziko lonse la Japan.Chilimwe chilichonse, maluwawo amakhala pachimake pakati pa mapiri obiriwira ndi madzi obiriwira. Pali mapiri ambiri ku Japan, ndipo madera amapiri amawerengera pafupifupi 70% ya madera onse. Mapiri ambiri ndi mapiri. Pakati pawo, phiri lotchuka lomwe limaphulika Phiri la Fuji lili pamtunda wa mamita 3,776 pamwamba pa nyanja. Ndi phiri lalitali kwambiri ku Japan ndipo ndi chizindikiro cha Japan. Pali zivomezi zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri ku Japan, ndipo zivomezi zoposa 1,000 zimachitika chaka chilichonse. Ndilo dziko lokhala ndi zivomezi zochuluka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. 10% ya zivomerezi zapadziko lonse lapansi zimachitika ku Japan ndi madera ozungulira.

Misewu ikuluikulu ya ku Japan, zigawo, madera, ndi zigawo ndi madera oyendetsera magawo ofanana, molamulidwa ndi boma lalikulu, koma mzinda uliwonse, chigawo chilichonse, chigawo chilichonse, ndi dera ladzilamulira. Dzikoli lagawidwa 1 metropolis (Tokyo: Tokyo), chigawo chimodzi (Hokkaido: Hokkaido), zigawo ziwiri (Osaka: Osaka, Kyoto: Kyoto) ndi zigawo 43 (zigawo) zokhala ndi mizinda, matauni, ndi midzi. Maofesi ake amatchedwa "ma department", ndiye kuti, "metropolitan holo", "dao holo", "prefectural holo", "county hall", ndipo wamkulu amatchedwa "kazembe". Mzinda uliwonse, chigawo, chigawo, ndi chigawo chili ndi mizinda ingapo, matauni (ofanana ndi matauni aku China), ndi midzi. Woyang'anira wamkulu amatchedwa "meya", "meya wamatawuni", komanso "wamkulu wam'mudzi"

Madera 43 ku Japan ndi awa: Aichi, Miyazaki, Akita, Nagano, Aomori, Nagasaki, Chiba, Nara, Fukui, Shinga, Fukuoka, Oita, Fukushima, Okayama, Gifu , Saga, Ehime, Okinawa, Gunma, Saitama, Hiroshima, Shiga, Hyogo, Shimane, Ibaraki, Shizuoka, Ishikawa, Saga, Iwate, Tokushima, Kagawa, Tottori, Kagoshima, Toyama , Kanagawa, Wakayama, Kochi, Yamagata, Kumamoto, Yamaguchi, Mie, Yamanashi, Miyagi.

Pakati pa zaka za zana lachinayi, Japan idayamba kukhala dziko logwirizana lotchedwa Yamato. Mu 645 AD, "Dahua Reformation" idachitika, kutsanzira dongosolo la Tang Dynasty law, kukhazikitsa dongosolo lokhazikitsidwa pakati pa mayiko ndi mfumu ngati mfumu yathunthu. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 12, Japan idalowa dziko lankhanza lankhondo pomwe gulu la samurai limayang'anira mphamvu zenizeni, zomwe zimatchedwa "shogun era" m'mbiri. Pakati pa zaka za zana la 19, Britain, United States, Russia ndi maiko ena adakakamiza dziko la Japan kuti lisayine mapangano ambiri osagwirizana.Mikangano pakati pa mafuko ndi chikhalidwe idakulirakulira.Tokugawa shogunate, yomwe idakhazikitsa mfundo zokhazikitsira ufulu wawo, idagwedezeka. Anthu awiriwa adakhala pansi pamawu oti "lemekezani mfumu ndikulimbana ndi akunja" ndikuti "tilemeretsa dziko ndikulimbikitsa asitikali." Mu 1868, "Kubwezeretsa kwa Meiji" kunakhazikitsidwa, dongosolo lachifumu lodzipatula linathetsedwa, dziko logwirizana lokhazikitsidwa, ndipo ulamuliro wapamwamba wa emperor unabwezeretsedwanso.

Pambuyo pa Kubwezeretsa kwa Meiji, capitalism yaku Japan idakula mwachangu ndipo idayamba mseu wankhanza ndikukula. Mu 1894, Japan idakhazikitsa Nkhondo ya Sino-Japan ya 1894-1895; idayambitsa Nkhondo ya Russia ndi Japan mu 1904; ndipo idalanda Korea mu 1910. Pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, dziko la Japan linayambitsa nkhondo yoopsa ndipo pa August 15, 1945, dziko la Japan linalengeza kuti ladzipereka mosavutikira ndipo linakhala dziko logonjetsedwa. Kumayambiriro kwa nkhondo, asitikali aku U.S. M'mwezi wa Meyi 1947, dziko la Japan lidakhazikitsa lamulo latsopano, kusintha kuchoka pamachitidwe amfumu kukhala nyumba yamalamulo yamalamulo pomwe mfumuyo ndiye chizindikiro cha dziko. Emperor ndiye "chizindikiro" chonse cha nzika zaku Japan ndi Japan.

Mbendera yadziko: Mbendera ya dzuwa, yaying'ono, mawonekedwe a kutalika mpaka m'lifupi ndi 3: 2. Mbendera ndi yoyera ndi dzuwa lofiira pakati. White ikuyimira umphumphu ndi chiyero, ndipo zofiira zimaimira kuwona mtima ndi chidwi. Mawu oti Japan amatanthauza "dziko lakum'mawa." Akuti Japan idapangidwa ndi mulungu dzuwa, mfumu inali mwana wa mulungu dzuŵa, ndipo mbendera ya dzuwa idayambira pano.

Chiwerengero cha anthu ku Japan ndi pafupifupi 127.74 miliyoni (kuyambira mwezi wa February 2006). Fuko lalikulu ndi Yamato, ndipo pali anthu pafupifupi 24,000 Ainu ku Hokkaido. Chijapanizi chimalankhulidwa, ndipo anthu ochepa ku Hokkaido amatha kulankhula Ainu. Zipembedzo zazikuluzikulu ndi Shintoism ndi Buddha, ndipo anthu achipembedzo amakhala ndi 49.6% ndi 44.8% ya anthu achipembedzo motsatana. .

Japan ndi dziko lotukuka kwambiri, ndipo chuma chake chadziko lonse chimakhala chachiwiri pambuyo pa United States, chachiwiri padziko lonse lapansi. Mu 2006, GDP yaku Japan inali 4,911.362 madola aku US, pafupifupi kuwirikiza kawiri komwe kuli malo achitatu ku Germany, ndi avareji ya madola a 38,533 aku US pamunthu. Makampani aku Japan akutukuka kwambiri ndipo ndiye chipilala chachikulu cha chuma chamayiko.Zinthu zonse zomwe zimatulutsidwa m'mafakitale zimawerengera pafupifupi 40% yazogulitsa zapadziko lonse lapansi. Zimakhazikika makamaka pagombe la Pacific. Keihama, Hanshin, Chukyo ndi Kitakyushu ndi madera anayi azikhalidwe zamakampani. Madera atsopano a mafakitale monga Kanto, Chiba, Seto Inland Sea ndi Suruga Bay. Anthu omwe amagulitsa nawo kwambiri ku Japan ndi United States, mayiko aku Asia ndi mayiko a EU. Japan ndi yosauka pazachuma.Ngopatula malasha ndi zinc, omwe ali ndi nkhokwe zina, ambiri amatengera zogulitsa kunja. Dera la nkhalangoyi ndi mahekitala 25.26 miliyoni, kuwerengera 66.6% yadziko lonse lapansi, koma 55.1% yamatabwa imadalira zogulitsa kunja, ndikupangitsa kuti likhale dziko lomwe limalowetsa mitengo yambiri padziko lapansi. Mphamvu zamagetsi ndizambiri, ndipo magetsi opangira magetsi amapanga pafupifupi 12% yamagetsi onse. Malo ogwirira nsomba akumtunda ndi olemera.

Mitundu yapadera yaku Japan komanso mbiri yakale yatenga chikhalidwe chapadera cha ku Japan. Sakura, kimono, haiku ndi samamura, chifukwa, ndi Shinto ndi mbali ziwiri zamiyambo yaku Japan-chrysanthemum ndi lupanga. Ku Japan, pali "njira zitatu" zotchuka, ndiye kuti, mwambo wa tiyi waku Japan, mwambo wamaluwa, ndi zojambulajambula.

Mwambo wa tiyi umadziwikanso kuti msuzi wa tiyi (Ting Ming Hui), ndipo umakondedwa kwambiri ndi anthu apamwamba monga mwambo wokongoletsa kuyambira kale. Masiku ano, mwambowu umagwiritsidwa ntchito pophunzitsa anthu kusinkhasinkha, kapena kukulitsa ulemu, womwe anthu ambiri amavomereza.

Njira yamaluwa idabadwa ngati njira yoberekera maluwa akutuluka kuthengo m'chipinda cha tiyi. Pali sukulu zopitilira 20 za ikebana chifukwa chosiyana malamulo ndi njira zowonetsedwera.Pali masukulu ambiri ku Japan omwe amaphunzitsa maluso amtundu uliwonse.

Sumo amachokera ku miyambo yachipembedzo ya Shinto yaku Japan. Anthu amakhala ndi mipikisano ya mulungu wokolola pakachisi, akuyembekeza kuti abweretsa zokolola zambiri. Munthawi ya Nara ndi Heian, sumo inali masewera oyang'anira khothi, koma munthawi ya Kamakura Sengoku, sumo idakhala gawo la maphunziro a samamura. Kulimbana kwamaphunziro a sumo kunayamba m'zaka za zana la 18, zomwe zikufanana kwambiri ndi mpikisano wamakono wa sumo.

Kimono ndi dzina la chovala chachikhalidwe cha ku Japan. Amatchedwanso "zhewu" ku Japan. Kimono imafanizidwa pambuyo pokonzanso maufumu a Sui ndi Tang ku China. Kuchokera m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chitatu mpaka lachisanu ndi chinayi AD, zovala za "Tang style" zinali zotchuka ku Japan. Ngakhale yasintha ndikupanga mawonekedwe apadera achi Japan mtsogolomo, imakhalabe ndi mawonekedwe azovala zakale zaku China. Kusiyana kwa masitaelo ndi mitundu ya ma kimono azimayi ndi chizindikiro cha msinkhu komanso ukwati. Mwachitsanzo, atsikana osakwatiwa amavala zovala zakunja zolimba, azimayi okwatiwa amavala zovala zakunja zamanja; chipeso cha "Shimada" (chimodzi mwazovala za ku Japan, chokhala ngati mbale), ndipo malaya ofiyira ofiira ndi msungwana wa tsitsi lozungulira Updo, mayi wapakhomo wavala malaya wamba.

Pali malo ambiri osangalatsa ku Japan, kuphatikiza Phiri la Fuji, Kachisi wa Toshodai, Tokyo Tower, ndi zina zambiri, zomwe zimadziwika kwambiri padziko lapansi.

Phiri la Fuji: Phiri la Fuji (Phiri la Fuji) lili kum'mwera chapakati pa Honshu, lokhala ndi mamitala 3,776. Ndilitali kwambiri ku Japan. Amawonedwa ndi achi Japan ngati "phiri lopatulika". Ndi chizindikiro cha dziko la Japan. Ili pamtunda wa makilomita 80 kuchokera ku Tokyo. Maboma a Shizuoka ndi Yamanashi amakhala ndi makilomita 90.76 ma kilomita. Phiri lonselo ndi lopangidwa ndi kondomu, ndipo pamwamba pake pali chipale chofewa chaka chonse. Phiri la Fuji lazunguliridwa ndi "Fuji Eight Peaks" monga Kenfeng, Hakusan, Kusushidake, Oriyake, Izu, Jojodake, Komagatake, ndi Mitake.

Kachisi wa Toshodai: Kachisi wa Toshodai (Kachisi wa Toshodai) Womwe ali mu Nara City, Toshodai Temple idamangidwa ndi monk wotchuka Jianzhen wochokera ku Tang Dynasty ku China. Ndiye kachisi wamkulu wa Buddhist Ryūzong waku Japan. Nyumba zomwe zili mumapangidwe amfumu ya Tang amadziwika kuti ndi chuma chaku Japan. Pambuyo pa monki wamfumu wotchuka wa Tang Jianzhen (688-763 AD) atapita ulendo wake wachisanu ndi chimodzi wakum'mawa kupita ku Japan, ntchito yomanga idayamba mchaka chachitatu cha Tianpingbaozi (759 AD) ndipo idamalizidwa mu 770 AD. Chikwangwani chofiira "Kachisi wa Toshoti" pachipata cha kachisiyo chidalembedwa ndi Mfumukazi Xiaoqian waku Japan akutsanzira mtundu wa Wang Xizhi ndi Wang Xianzhi.

Tokyo Tower: Tokyo Tower ili ku Tokyo. Inamangidwa mu 1958 ndipo ili ndi kutalika kwa mita 333. Nyumba yayitali kwambiri palokha ku Japan ili ndi ma TV 7 ndi ma TV 21 ku Tokyo. Mawailesi opatsira mawayilesi olandirira ndi malo owulutsa. Pamtunda wa mita 100, pali malo owonera nsanjika ziwiri; pamtunda wa mita 250, palinso chowunikira chapadera. Pali mawindo akuluakulu agalasi apansi mpaka mbali zonse zinayi za malo owonera, ndipo mawindowo amatsetsereka panja. Mukaima pamalo owonera, mutha kuwona mzinda wa Tokyo, ndipo mutha kuwona bwino mzindawu.

Tokyo: Tokyo, likulu la Japan (Tokyo), ndi mzinda wamakono wapadziko lonse lapansi womwe uli kumapeto chakumwera kwa Kanto Plain ku Honshu. uli ndi zigawo 23 zapadera, mizinda 27, matauni 5, midzi 8 ndi Zilumba za Izu ndi Ogasawara Islands, zokhala ndi malo okwana makilomita 2,155 okhala ndi anthu 12.54 miliyoni, ndi ena mwamizinda yomwe ili ndi anthu ambiri padziko lapansi.

Tokyo ndiye likulu lazandale ku Japan. Mabungwe oyang'anira, opanga malamulo, oweluza milandu komanso mabungwe ena aboma akhazikika pano. Dera la "Kasumigaseki", lomwe limadziwika kuti "Guanting Street", limasonkhanitsa Nyumba Ya Zakudya Zapadziko Lonse, Khothi Lalikulu, komanso mabungwe aboma omwe amagwirizana ndi nduna monga Unduna wa Zakunja, Unduna wa Zamalonda ndi Makampani, ndi Unduna wa Zamaphunziro. Nyumba yakale ya Edo tsopano yasanduka Miyagi pomwe Emperor amakhala.

Tokyo ndi likulu lazachuma ku Japan. Makampani akuluakulu aku Japan akhazikika pano. Ambiri mwa iwo amagawidwa m'malo a Chiyoda, Chuo ndi Minato. Tokyo, Yokohama kumwera ndi dera la Chiba kummawa amapanga Keihinye Industrial Zone yodziwika ku Japan. Makampani opanga ndizitsulo ndi zitsulo, zomangamanga, kupanga makina, mankhwala, zamagetsi, ndi zina zambiri. Makampani azachuma ku Tokyo amapangidwa, ndipo mabizinesi akunyumba ndi akunja amapezeka pafupipafupi. Wodziwika kuti "mtima wa Tokyo", Ginza ndiye dera lochita bwino kwambiri m'derali.

Tokyo ndi malo azikhalidwe komanso maphunziro ku Japan. Zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi anthu ambiri, kuphatikiza 80% ya nyumba zosindikizira mdzikolo, National Museum yayikulu komanso yotsogola, Western Art Museum, ndi National Library. Mayunivesite omwe ali ku Tokyo amatenga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a mayunivesite onse ku Japan, ndipo ophunzira omwe adalembetsa m'mayunivesite amenewa amakhala ndi theka la ophunzira onse aku yunivesite mdziko lonse.

Magalimoto aku Tokyo ndiosavuta. Shinkansen yothamanga makilomita 200 pa ola imachokera ku Tokyo kupita ku Kyushu komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa. Sitimayi yapansi panthaka imatha kufikira pafupifupi malo onse ofunikira. Sitima zapamtunda, misewu yayikulu, maulendo apandege, ndi kutumiza zimapanga njira zambiri zoyendera zomwe zimafikira dziko lonse lapansi komanso padziko lapansi.

Osaka: Osaka (Osaka) ili m'mphepete mwa Osaka Bay kumwera chakumadzulo kwa chilumba cha Honshu ku Japan, pafupi ndi Nyanja ya Seto Inland. Ndilo likulu la Osaka Prefecture komanso malo ogulitsa, malonda, madzi, malo ndi zoyendera ndege m'chigawo cha Kansai. Mzindawu umakhala ndi makilomita 204 ndipo uli ndi anthu opitilira 2.7 miliyoni, kuwupanga kukhala mzinda wachiwiri waukulu ku Japan. Nyengo pano ndi yofatsa komanso yanyontho, ndimaluwa obiriwira nthawi zonse komanso mitengo nthawi zonse, ndipo mitsinje ikuyenda paliponse, koma pakuwona misewu ndi milatho pamtsinjewu, imadziwika kuti "likulu lamadzi" komanso "milatho mazana asanu ndi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi zitatu" yamadzi, ndipo imadziwikanso kuti "mzinda wa milatho zikwizikwi".

Osaka amatchedwa "Naniwa" nthawi zakale, amatchedwanso "Namba", ndipo amatchedwa Osaka kuyambira zaka za 19th. Kuchokera m'zaka za zana lachiwili mpaka lachisanu ndi chimodzi AD, lidali likulu la Japan. Chifukwa cha kufupi ndi Nyanja ya Seto Inland, Osaka wakhala njira yolowera ku Nara ndi Kyoto, likulu lakale kwazaka chikwi, ndipo ndi amodzi mwamadera oyambilira ku Japan pakupititsa patsogolo malonda ndi malonda. Kuyambira nthawi yaku Tokugawa shogunate, Osaka wakhala likulu lazachuma mdziko lonselo ndipo amatchedwa "khitchini yapadziko lonse lapansi". Pambuyo pake, Osaka pang'onopang'ono idakhala mzinda wamakampani komanso wamalonda wamakono.

Osaka ili ndi mbiri yakalekale yomanga mzinda, ndipo pali malo ambiri osangalatsa. Pakati pawo, mabwinja a nyumba yachifumu yakale ya Namba Palace munthawi ya Nara, kachisi wa Sumiyoshi Taisha womwe umakhala ndi mulungu wakale wankhondo, nyimbo, ndi oyera mtima oyang'anira nyanja, ndi Kachisi wa Taibutsu munthawi ya Heian. wotchuka. Osaka wakhala akugwirizana kwambiri ndi zachuma ndi China kuyambira kale. Atumiki odziwika omwe adatumizidwa ku Mzera wa Sui ndi Tang Dynasty m'mbiri yaku Japan adanyamuka kuchokera ku Namba panthawiyo. Mu 608 AD, nthumwi Pei Shiqing wotumizidwa ndi Emperor Yang wa Mzera wa Sui nayenso anapita ku Namba.

Sapporo: Sapporo ndiye likulu la Hokkaido, Japan. Ili kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Chigwa cha Ishikari ndi dera lake lamapiri lolumikizidwa. Ili ndi dera lalikulu makilomita 1118 ndipo ili ndi anthu pafupifupi 1.8 miliyoni. Sapporo amatengedwa kuchokera mchilankhulo chachi Ainu, kutanthauza "dera lalikulu komanso louma".

Sapporo ndiye mzinda waukulu kwambiri ku Hokkaido, likulu lazachuma komanso chikhalidwe cha Hokkaido, ndipo makampani ake amapanganso zinthu zambiri. Makamaka amaphatikizapo kusindikiza, hemp, mkaka, zinthu zachitsulo, makina ndi makina opanga matabwa ndi mafakitale ena. Palinso migodi ya malasha kumadera akumapiri akumadzulo, ndipo nkhalango zimapezekanso. Sapporo ili ndi malo okongola, okhala ndi mapaki ambiri komanso malo owoneka bwino mumzinda, komanso madera amapiri okhala ndi nsonga ndi akasupe otentha pafupifupi kilomita imodzi pamwamba pa nyanja.

Likulu la Kyoto: Kyoto City (Kyoto) ili ndi dera lalikulu makilomita 827.90 ndipo lili ndi anthu 1,469,472. Ndiwonso mpando wa Kyoto Prefecture. Ndi mzinda wosankhidwa ndi boma, ndipo umaphatikizanso Tokyo ngati mzinda wachisanu ndi chiwiri wokhala ndi anthu ambiri ku Japan. Pamodzi ndi Osaka ndi Kobe, imakhala "Keihanshin Metropolitan Area".

Kyoto anali likulu la Japan kuyambira 794-1869 AD, wotchedwa "Heiankyo". Heiankyo idamangidwa munthawi ya Heian Period ku Japan ndipo idakhala likulu la Heian Period ndi Muromachi Period, ndipo idali likulu la mphamvu zandale zaku Japan; mpaka zaka 1100 zaulendo wa Emperor Meiji wopita ku Tokyo, nthawi zambiri unali mzinda womwe Emperor waku Japan amakhala.

Mzindawu udakhazikitsidwa mu 1889. Makampaniwa amalamulidwa ndi nsalu, kenako chakudya (kupanga vinyo, ndi zina zambiri), makina amagetsi, makina oyendera, kusindikiza ndi kusindikiza, makina olondola, umagwirira, kukonza mkuwa, ndi zina zambiri. Dera lamafuta aku Luonan lomwe limapangidwa kumwera kwa mzindawu ndi gawo la Hanshin Industrial Zone. Kyoto ndi malo oyendera malo komanso ndege. Zamalonda zakula bwino. Pali makoleji ndi mayunivesite ambiri monga National Kyoto University. Makampani opanga zokopa alendo amapangidwa, okhala ndi malo ambiri azambiri zakale ndi zakale zakale, monga Forbidden City ndi Heian Shrine. Ku Guishan Park pamapiri a Arashiyama kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa mzindawu, chipilala cha ndakatulo ya Zhou Enlai chidamangidwa mu 1979.