Ijambo Ubuyapani risobanura "igihugu cy’izuba rirashe". Ubuyapani buherereye ku nkombe y’iburengerazuba bw’inyanja ya pasifika kandi ni igihugu kirwa kimeze nka arc kiva mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba kugera mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba. Bitandukanijwe n'Inyanja y'Ubushinwa, Inyanja y'Umuhondo, Inzira ya Koreya, n'Inyanja y'Ubuyapani, ihura n'Ubushinwa, Koreya y'Amajyaruguru, Koreya y'Epfo n'Uburusiya. Ifasi igizwe n'ibirwa 4 binini bya Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, na Kyushu, hamwe n'ibindi birwa birenga 6.800, bityo Ubuyapani buzwi kandi nk '"igihugu cy’ibirwa igihumbi." Ubutaka bw'Ubuyapani ni kilometero kare 377.800. Ubuyapani buherereye mu karere gashyuha, hamwe n’ikirere cyoroheje n'ibihe bine bitandukanye. Sakura ni ururabo rwigihugu rwUbuyapani.Impeshyi yose, indabyo za kirisi zirabya cyane mumisozi yatsi n'amazi y'icyatsi. Hariho imisozi myinshi mu Buyapani, kandi imisozi igera kuri 70% yubuso bwose. Imisozi myinshi ni ibirunga. Muri byo, ikirunga kizwi cyane cy’umusozi wa Fuji gifite metero 3,776 hejuru y’inyanja. Ni umusozi muremure mu Buyapani n'ikimenyetso cy’Ubuyapani. Habaho imitingito ikunze kugaragara mu Buyapani, aho buri mwaka habaho umutingito urenga 1.Ni igihugu gifite umutingito ukabije ku isi. 10% by'imitingito ku isi ibera mu Buyapani no mu turere tuyikikije.

Umurwa mukuru w’Ubuyapani, perefegitura, perefegitura, n’intara birasa n’uturere two mu rwego rwa mbere rw’ubuyobozi, mu buryo butaziguye munsi ya guverinoma nkuru, ariko buri mujyi, perefegitura, perefegitura, n’intara bifite ubwigenge. Igihugu kigabanyijemo metero 1 (Tokiyo: Tokiyo), intara 1 (Hokkaido: Hokkaido), perefegitura 2 (Osaka: Osaka, Kyoto: Kyoto) n'intara 43 (intara) zifite imigi, imigi, n'imidugudu. Ibiro byayo byitwa "amashami", ni ukuvuga "salle metropolitan", "dao Hall", "salle perefegitura", "intara yintara", naho umuyobozi mukuru yitwa "guverineri". Buri mujyi, intara, perefegitura, nintara bifite imijyi myinshi, imijyi (ihwanye nimijyi yubushinwa), nimidugudu. Umuyobozi mukuru yitwa "umuyobozi", "umuyobozi wumujyi", n "umuyobozi wumudugudu".

Perefegitura 43 zo mu Buyapani ni: Aichi, Miyazaki, Akita, Nagano, Aomori, Nagasaki, Chiba, Nara, Fukui, Shinga, Fukuoka, Oita, Fukushima, Okayama, Gifu , Saga, Ehime, Okinawa, Gunma, Saitama, Hiroshima, Shiga, Hyogo, Shimane, Ibaraki, Shizuoka, Ishikawa, Saga, Iwate, Tokushima, Kagawa, Tottori, Kagoshima, Toyama , Kanagawa, Wakayama, Kochi, Yamagata, Kumamoto, Yamaguchi, Mie, Yamanashi, Miyagi.

Hagati mu kinyejana cya 4, Ubuyapani bwatangiye kuba igihugu cyunze ubumwe cyitwa Yamato. Mu 645 nyuma ya Yesu, "Ivugurura rya Dahua" ryabaye, bigana amategeko y’ingoma ya Tang Dynasty, hashyirwaho gahunda ya leta ihuriweho n’umwami nkumwami wuzuye. Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 12, Ubuyapani bwinjiye mu gihugu cya gisirikare cya feodal aho itsinda rya samurai ryayoboraga ingufu nyazo, ryiswe "ibihe bya shogun" mu mateka. Hagati y'ikinyejana cya 19, Ubwongereza, Amerika, Uburusiya ndetse n'ibindi bihugu byahatiye Ubuyapani gushyira umukono ku masezerano menshi atangana. Amakimbirane ashingiye ku moko no mu mibereho yarushijeho gukomera. Shogunate ya Tokugawa, yashyize mu bikorwa politiki yo gufunga feodal, yarahungabanye.Ibihugu byaho Satsuma na Choshu hamwe n'ibitekerezo byo kuvugurura imitekerereze ya capitaliste. Aba vassal bombi ba feodal baguye mu nteruro yo "kubaha umwami no kurwanya abanyarugomo" no "gutungisha igihugu no gushimangira abasirikare. Mu 1868, "Meiji Restoration" yashyizwe mu bikorwa, ubutegetsi bw’amacakubiri bwa feodal buvaho, hashyirwaho igihugu gishyizwe hamwe, maze ubutegetsi bw’ikirenga bw’umwami buragarurwa.

Nyuma yo Kugarura kwa Meiji, capitalism yabayapani yateye imbere byihuse maze itangira inzira yibitero no kwaguka. Mu 1894, Ubuyapani bwatangije Intambara y'Abashinwa n'Abayapani yo mu 1894-1895; bwateje intambara y'Abarusiya n'Ubuyapani mu 1904; maze butera Koreya mu 1910. Mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, Ubuyapani bwatangije intambara yo gutera.Ku ya 15 Kanama 1945, Ubuyapani bwatangaje ko bwiyeguriye bidasubirwaho maze buba igihugu cyatsinzwe. Mu ntangiriro z'intambara, ingabo z’Amerika zashyizeho umwuga w’Ubuyapani. Muri Gicurasi 1947, Ubuyapani bwashyize mu bikorwa itegeko nshinga rishya, riva kuri gahunda y’umwami w'abami ihinduka gahunda y’abaminisitiri y’abadepite hamwe n’umwami nk'ikimenyetso cy’igihugu.Umwami ni "ikimenyetso" rusange cy’Ubuyapani n’abaturage b’Ubuyapani.

Ibendera ryigihugu: Ibendera ryizuba, urukiramende mumiterere, igipimo cyuburebure n'ubugari ni 3: 2. Ibendera ryera n'izuba ritukura hagati. Umweru ugereranya ubunyangamugayo nubuziranenge, naho umutuku ugereranya umurava nishyaka. Ijambo Ubuyapani risobanura "igihugu cy'izuba rirashe." Bavuga ko Ubuyapani bwaremwe n'imana y'izuba, umwami w'abami yari umuhungu w'imana y'izuba, kandi ibendera ry'izuba ryaturutse kuri ibi.

Abatuye Ubuyapani bose hamwe bagera kuri miliyoni 127.74 (guhera muri Gashyantare 2006). Ubwoko nyamukuru ni Yamato, kandi Hokkaido hari abantu bagera ku 24.000. Ikiyapani kivugwa, kandi umubare muto wabantu muri Hokkaido barashobora kuvuga Ainu. Amadini nyamukuru ni Abashinto n'Ababuda, kandi abanyamadini bangana na 49,6% na 44.8% by'abanyamadini. .

Ubuyapani nigihugu cyateye imbere cyane mubukungu, kandi ibicuruzwa byigihugu byigihugu ni ibya kabiri nyuma y’Amerika, biza ku mwanya wa kabiri ku isi. Mu 2006, umusaruro w’Ubuyapani wari miliyari 4,911.362 z'amadolari y’Amerika, hafi kabiri ugereranyije n’Ubudage ku mwanya wa gatatu, ugereranyije n’amadolari 38.533 y’Amerika ku muntu. Inganda z’Ubuyapani zateye imbere cyane kandi nizo nkingi nkuru y’ubukungu bw’igihugu.Umusaruro rusange w’inganda ungana na 40% by’umusaruro rusange w’imbere mu gihugu, wibanda cyane ku nkombe za pasifika. Uturere dushya twinganda nka Kanto, Chiba, Seto Imbere mu nyanja ninyanja ya Suruga. Abafatanyabikorwa b’ubucuruzi b’Ubuyapani ni Amerika, Ibihugu bya Aziya n’ibihugu by’Uburayi. Ubuyapani bukennye mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro. Usibye amakara na zinc, bifite ububiko bumwe na bumwe, ibyinshi bishingiye ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga. Ubuso bw’amashyamba ni hegitari miliyoni 25.26, bingana na 66,6% byubutaka bwose, ariko 55.1% byibiti biterwa nibitumizwa mu mahanga, bigatuma igihugu gitumiza ibiti byinshi ku isi. Amashanyarazi ni menshi, kandi kubyara amashanyarazi bigera kuri 12% byamashanyarazi yose. Uburobyi bwo hanze burakungahaye.

Ubuyapani imiterere y’imiterere yihariye n’amateka maremare byateje imbere umuco w’Abayapani. Sakura, kimono, haiku na samurai, kubera, na Shinto bigize ibintu bibiri bigize Ubuyapani gakondo-chrysanthemum ninkota. Mu Buyapani, hariho "inzira eshatu" zizwi cyane, ni ukuvuga umuhango wicyayi wabaturage wAbayapani, umuhango windabyo, hamwe n’imyandikire.

Umuhango w'icyayi uzwi kandi nk'isupu y'icyayi (Ting Ming Hui), kandi yakunzwe cyane n'abantu bo hejuru nk'umuhango w'uburanga kuva kera. Muri iki gihe, umuhango w'icyayi ukoreshwa mu gutoza kwibanda, cyangwa guhinga ikinyabupfura, cyemerwa na rubanda rusanzwe.

Inzira yindabyo yavutse nkubuhanga bwo korora indabyo zimera mumashyamba mucyumba cyicyayi. Bitewe no gutandukanya amategeko nuburyo bwimurikabikorwa, ikebana irashobora kugabanywamo amoko arenga 20. Hariho kandi amashuri menshi mubuyapani yigisha tekinike ya buri bwoko.

Sumo akomoka mumihango y'idini ya Shinto y'Abayapani. Abantu bakoze amarushanwa yo gusenga imana yo gusarura mu rusengero, bizeye ko bazasarura neza. Mu bihe bya Nara na Heian, sumo yari siporo yo kureba mu rukiko, kandi mugihe cya Kamakura Sengoku, sumo yabaye igice cyamahugurwa ya samurai. Umwuga wa sumo wabigize umwuga wagaragaye mu kinyejana cya 18, bisa cyane n'amarushanwa ya sumo y'ubu.

Kimono nizina ryimyambarire gakondo yabayapani. Yitwa kandi "zhewu" mu Buyapani. Kimono yerekana urugero nyuma yo kuvugurura ingoma ya Sui na Tang mu Bushinwa. Kuva mu kinyejana cya 8 kugeza mu cya 9 nyuma ya Yesu, imyenda "Tang style" yigeze gukundwa mu Buyapani. Nubwo yahindutse ikora uburyo budasanzwe bwabayapani mugihe kizaza, buracyafite ibintu bimwe na bimwe biranga imyenda ya kera yubushinwa. Itandukaniro muburyo namabara ya kimonos yabagore nikimenyetso cyimyaka nubukwe. Kurugero, abakobwa batashyingiranywe bambara imyenda yimbere yimbere, abagore bubatse bambara imyenda yimbere yimbere; kogosha imisatsi ya "Shimada" (imwe mumisatsi yabayapani, muburyo bwikibindi), naho ishati yumutuku numukobwa ufite umusatsi uzengurutse Mu gikoni, umugore wo murugo yambaye ishati isanzwe.

Hano hari ahantu henshi hashimishije mubuyapani, harimo umusozi wa Fuji, urusengero rwa Toshodai, umunara wa Tokiyo, nibindi, byose bizwi kwisi.

Umusozi wa Fuji: Umusozi wa Fuji (Umusozi wa Fuji) uherereye mu majyepfo ya Hagati ya Honshu, ufite uburebure bwa metero 3,776. Ni impinga ndende mu Buyapani. Abayapani bafatwa nk "umusozi wera". Ni ikimenyetso cy’igihugu cy’Ubuyapani. Ni nko mu birometero 80 uvuye i Tokiyo. Intara za Shizuoka na Yamanashi zifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 90,76. Umusozi wose umeze nka cone, kandi hejuru yumusozi huzuyemo urubura umwaka wose. Umusozi wa Fuji ukikijwe na "Fuji umunani Peaks" nka Kenfeng, Hakusan, Kusushidake, Oriyake, Izu, Jojodake, Komagatake, na Mitake.

Urusengero rwa Toshodai: Urusengero rwa Toshodai (Urusengero rwa Toshodai) ruherereye mu mujyi wa Nara, urusengero rwa Toshodai rwubatswe n’umumonaki uzwi cyane Jianzhen wo mu ngoma ya Tang mu Bushinwa. Ni urusengero rukuru rw’Ababuda Ryūzong. Inyubako zuburyo bwububiko bwingoma ya Tang zagaragaye nkubutunzi bwigihugu cyabayapani. Nyuma y’umwamonaki ukomeye w’ingoma ya Tang Jianzhen (688-763 nyuma ya Yesu) akora urugendo rwe rwa gatandatu mu burasirazuba yerekeza mu Buyapani, kubaka byatangiye mu mwaka wa gatatu wa Tianpingbaozi (759 nyuma ya Yesu) birangira mu 770 nyuma ya Yesu. Ibendera ry'umutuku "Urusengero rwa Toshoti" ku irembo ry'urusengero rwanditswe n'Umugabekazi w'Ubuyapani Xiaoqian wigana imyandikire ya Wang Xizhi na Wang Xianzhi.

Umunara wa Tokiyo: Umunara wa Tokiyo uherereye muri Tokiyo. Yubatswe mu 1958 kandi ufite uburebure bwa metero 333. Umunara muremure wigenga mu Buyapani ufite televiziyo 7 na televiziyo 21 muri Tokiyo. Radiyo yohereza antene ya sitasiyo ya radiyo na radiyo. Ku burebure bwa metero 100, hari indorerezi y'amagorofa abiri; ku burebure bwa metero 250, hari n'ikigo cyihariye. Hano hari idirishya rinini kugeza ku gisenge cy'amadirishya ku mpande enye zose za obserwatori, kandi amadirishya aramanuka hanze. Uhagaze kuri obserwatori, urashobora kwirengagiza umujyi wa Tokiyo, kandi urashobora kubona panorama yumujyi.

Tokiyo: Tokiyo, umurwa mukuru w’Ubuyapani (Tokiyo), ni umujyi mpuzamahanga ugezweho uherereye mu majyepfo y’ikibaya cya Kanto i Honshu.Ufite uturere 23 twihariye, imigi 27, imigi 5, imidugudu 8 na Ibirwa bya Izu n'ibirwa bya Ogasawara, bifite ubuso bungana na kilometero kare 2,155 n'abaturage miliyoni 12.54, biri mu mijyi ituwe cyane ku isi.

Tokiyo ni ikigo cya politiki cy'Ubuyapani. Inzego zubutegetsi, amategeko, ubutabera nizindi nzego za leta zose zibanze hano. Agace ka "Kasumigaseki", kazwi ku izina rya "Guanting Street", gateranya inyubako y’imirire y’igihugu, Urukiko rw’ikirenga, hamwe n’inzego za Leta zishamikiye kuri guverinoma nka Minisiteri y’ububanyi n’amahanga, Minisiteri y’ubucuruzi n’inganda, na Minisiteri y’uburezi. Ahahoze ikigo cya Edo cyahindutse Miyagi aho Umwami atuye.

Tokiyo nayo ni centre yubukungu yUbuyapani. Amasosiyete akomeye yo mu Buyapani yibanze hano. Benshi muribo bakwirakwijwe mu turere twa Chiyoda, Chuo na Minato. Tokiyo, Yokohama mu majyepfo n'akarere ka Chiba mu burasirazuba bigize Zone izwi cyane mu nganda mu Buyapani. Inganda nyamukuru ni ibyuma nicyuma, kubaka ubwato, gukora imashini, imiti, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, nibindi Inganda n’ubucuruzi bya Tokiyo byateye imbere, kandi ibikorwa byubucuruzi bwimbere mu gihugu n’amahanga ni kenshi. Azwi ku izina rya "umutima wa Tokiyo", Ginza n'akarere k'ubucuruzi gatera imbere muri ako karere.

Tokiyo nayo ni ikigo ndangamuco nuburezi byu Buyapani. Ibigo ndangamuco bitandukanye bituwe cyane, harimo 80% by’ibitabo by’igihugu byandika, inzu ndangamurage nini kandi ifite ibikoresho bigezweho, Inzu Ndangamurage y’Uburengerazuba, n’isomero ry’igihugu. Kaminuza ziherereye muri Tokiyo zifite kimwe cya gatatu cy’umubare wa kaminuza zose z’Ubuyapani, naho abanyeshuri biga muri izo kaminuza bangana na kimwe cya kabiri cy’umubare w’abanyeshuri ba kaminuza mu gihugu.

Imodoka ya Tokiyo iroroshye cyane. Shinkansen ifite umuvuduko wa kilometero 200 mu isaha iva Tokiyo ikagera Kyushu no mu majyaruguru y'uburasirazuba. Metro irashobora kugera hafi yibice byose byingenzi. Umuhanda wa gari ya moshi, umuhanda munini, indege, hamwe nubwikorezi bigizwe numuyoboro mugari wo gutwara abantu ugera mugihugu cyose ndetse nisi yose.

Osaka: Osaka (Osaka) iherereye ku nkombe z'inyanja ya Osaka mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bw'ikirwa cya Honshu cy'Ubuyapani, hafi y'inyanja ya Seto Imbere. Ni umurwa mukuru wa Perefegitura ya Osaka hamwe n'ikigo gishinzwe gutwara abantu n'ibintu, ubucuruzi, amazi, ubutaka n'ikirere byo mu karere ka Kansai. Uyu mujyi ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 204 kandi utuwe n'abaturage barenga miliyoni 2.7, ukaba umujyi wa kabiri mu Buyapani. Ikirere hano ni cyoroheje kandi gifite ubuhehere, gifite indabyo n'ibiti byatsi bibisi mu bihe byose, kandi imigezi inyura ahantu hose, ariko ikabona imihanda n'ibiraro hejuru y'uruzi, izwi ku izina rya "umurwa mukuru w'amazi" n'umujyi w'amazi "ibiraro magana inani n'umunani", kandi bizwi kandi ko ari "umujyi w'ibiraro ibihumbi".

Osaka yitwaga "Naniwa" mu bihe bya kera, nanone yitwa "Namba", kandi yitwaga Osaka kuva mu kinyejana cya 19. Kuva mu kinyejana cya 2 kugeza mu cya 6 nyuma ya Yesu, cyahoze ari umurwa mukuru w'Ubuyapani. Kubera kuba hafi y’inyanja ya Seto, Osaka yabaye irembo rya Nara na Kyoto, umurwa mukuru wa kera mu myaka ibihumbi, kandi ni kamwe mu turere twa mbere mu Buyapani hagamijwe iterambere ry’ubucuruzi n’ubucuruzi. Kuva mu gihe cya Tokugawa shogunate, Osaka yabaye ikigo cy’ubukungu cy’igihugu cyose kandi yitwa "igikoni cyisi." Nyuma, Osaka yagiye buhoro buhoro ahinduka umujyi wuzuye wubucuruzi nubucuruzi. < uzwi. Osaka yagiye agirana umubano n’umuco n’ubukungu kuva kera. Intumwa zizwi zoherejwe ku ngoma ya Sui n'ingoma ya Tang mu mateka y'Ubuyapani zatangiriye i Namba icyo gihe. Mu 608 nyuma ya Yesu, intumwa Pei Shiqing yoherejwe n'Umwami w'abami Yang w'ingoma ya Sui na we yasuye Namba.

Sapporo: Sapporo n'umurwa mukuru wa Hokkaido, mu Buyapani. Iherereye ku nkombe y'iburengerazuba bw'ikibaya cya Ishikari n'akarere k’imisozi ihujwe. Ifite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 1118 kandi ituwe n'abaturage bagera kuri miliyoni 1.8. Sapporo yakuwe mu rurimi kavukire rwa Ainu, bisobanura "ahantu hanini kandi humye".

Sapporo numujyi munini muri Hokkaido, ikigo cyubukungu n’umuco cya Hokkaido, kandi inganda zacyo nazo zateye imbere. Ahanini harimo icapiro, ikivuguto, ibikomoka ku mata, ibicuruzwa byuma, imashini nogukora ibiti nizindi nzego. Hariho ibirombe by'amakara mu misozi y'iburengerazuba, kandi umutungo w'amashyamba nawo ni mwinshi. Sapporo ifite ibyiza nyaburanga, ifite parike n’ahantu nyaburanga mu mujyi, hamwe n’imisozi ifite impinga n’amasoko ashyushye nko muri kilometero imwe hejuru y’inyanja.

Umurwa mukuru wa Kyoto: Umujyi wa Kyoto (Kyoto) ufite ubuso bwa kilometero kare 827.90 kandi utuwe n'abaturage 1.469.472. Ni naho kandi perefegitura ya Kyoto. Numujyi wagenwe n amategeko ya leta, kandi urimo Tokiyo nkumujyi wa karindwi utuwe cyane mubuyapani. Hamwe na Osaka na Kobe, byahindutse "Agace ka Keihanshin Metropolitan Area".

Kyoto yari umurwa mukuru wUbuyapani kuva 794-1869 nyuma ya Yesu, witwa "Heiankyo". Heiankyo yubatswe mu gihe cya Heian mu Buyapani maze iba umurwa mukuru w’igihe cya Heian na Muromachi, kandi yari ihuriro ry’ibihugu bya politiki by’Ubuyapani; kugeza mu myaka 1100 y'urugendo rw'umwami Meiji yagiriye i Tokiyo, muri rusange niwo mujyi Umwami w'abayapani yari atuyemo.

Umujyi washinzwe mu 1889. Inganda yiganjemo imyenda, ikurikirwa n ibiryo (gukora vino, nibindi), imashini zamashanyarazi, imashini zitwara abantu, gusohora no gucapa, imashini zisobanutse, chimie, gutunganya umuringa, nibindi. Agace ka nganda ka Luonan gashinzwe mu majyepfo yumujyi ni igice cyinganda za Hanshin. Kyoto ni ihuriro ryogutwara indege. Ubucuruzi bwateye imbere neza. Hariho kaminuza nyinshi na kaminuza nka kaminuza nkuru ya Kyoto. Inganda z’ubukerarugendo zateye imbere, hamwe n’ahantu henshi h’amateka ndetse n’ibisigisigi by’umuco gakondo, harimo Umujyi wabujijwe ndetse n’ahantu ha Heian. Muri parike ya Guishan ku birenge bya Arashiyama mu majyaruguru y'uburengerazuba bw'umujyi, hubatswe urwibutso rw'umuvugo wa Zhou Enlai mu 1979.